Keratin's plays

Clattinus is a very successful old comic writer in the attic, but his existing scripts are very fragmentary, that is to say, he is not remembered like aristophanes (his 1 1 scripts have been completely circulated to us). Nevertheless, by looking at his own cartoon clips, aristophanes's comments on Kratinas in his plays and using later materials and records, it is still possible to find important information about this sometimes forgotten comic poet.

The life of Clattinius

We know little about the life of Clattinius, but we know that he lived in about 100. His death occurred between 423 BC and 42 BC1year. In the first 423 years, he staged his last play "Pytine" (Wine Bottle/Bottle), which was the year when aristophanes's "Peace" was written. His longevity is known by quotations from later writers' works. Besides, it is well known that Clara Tiinas likes wine very much. This habit of excessive drinking has been used by other comedy poets as a thorough drinking, and even by Clattinus himself as the theme of his play Pytine.

Aristophanes mentioned the death of Kratinas and his love for wine in his play Peace 700-704:

Hermes

Where is Clever Kratinas? Is he still here?

Terry gaius

He died in the invasion of Sparta (425 BC).

Hermes

What did he suffer?

Terry gaius

He fainted. Because when he saw pithos full of wine being smashed, he couldn't stand it.

Klatinus won nine times: six in the city of Dionysus and three in Lenaya. These are religious festivals in Athens where drama competitions are held. Clara Tiinus lost to aristophanes twice (Lenaya in 425 BC and 424 BC), which may lead aristophanes to laugh confidently at Clara Tiinus's skill decline in the Cavaliers, 526-536, probably Clara Tiinus lost the game in 424 BC. The following is an excerpt from what the choir said to Clattinus; There are more insults in the complete paragraph:

Kratinius used to be full of praise ... now that you see his nonsense, you won't sympathize with him His crown has faded, and he died of thirst (order aristophanes 526 ff. ).

Despite these taunts, however, aristophanes was completely defeated in the second year (423 BC), when Pettin in Kratinas ranked first and Yunyun in aristophanes ranked third (last). Interestingly, in the most relaxed form, there is obviously some continuous teasing between the two comedy opponents. In their more direct speeches, there is an obvious intertextual dialogue between Clara Tinius and aristophanes's plays.

Despite being laughed at by aristophanes, Clattinius is still very popular. Since aristophanes wrote his first play (The Banqueter) in 427 BC, their careers have only overlapped for about five years, so their struggle for victory in festivals will be a continuous part of their careers.

drama

The language of Clattinius is compared to Aeschylus by the anonymous author of De Komodia (the preface of comedy 3), but we don't know why. Many of Clattinius' plays have mythical titles. As Pericles's fable, Pericles is usually regarded as Zeus (both are their respective heads of state).

The existing Tinius plays have 29 titles, although some of them may be double-themed; For example, Suda (Byzantine Encyclopedia) said that he wrote 21 plays. His career may have started in 1950s BC, but the earliest victory we know can be traced back to 440-39 BC or 437-46 BC, when he won Lenaya.

The plays we know best are Pytine and Dionysiosalexandros, but there are also some fragments of his other plays. There are more than 500 fragments in the works of Kratinius.

pyridine

The play was written in 423 BC. Twenty-four fragments of Pytine survived, but even so, one of our best sources for the plot of this play was written by an ancient scholar as a comment on the 400th line of aristophanes's order; This is the witness of the play. Scholes wrote that Piting of Kratinius is:

Regarding himself and his drunkenness, the following plot was used. He represents comedy as his wife. She wants to give up living with him and has the right to sue him for abuse. But when Clara Tiinas's friends saw her, they asked her not to do anything rash and asked her why she was hostile. She complained that he stopped writing comedies and spent time getting drunk.

There are different opinions about whether the character representing Clattinus really uses this name, and even how the play ends. Another clip retains the measures to stop Kratinius from drinking:

I'm going to break his pitcher, crush and blow up his bottle and all his other wine containers. He doesn't even have a vinegar dish for wine.

We can learn more details about the play from another note by aristophanes 53 1, which mentions Pytine:

In this article, he attacked aristophanes for using Eupolis materials.

Here, we can see the relationship between three great Athenian comedians. This also shows that although Pytine is regarded as a self-imitation response to aristophanes's criticism, Clara Tiinus is also very willing to publicly criticize aristophanes. It seems that this comedy cocktail makes the play shine. The play contains the now famous lines:

You can never do anything smart by drinking water!

Alexandria, Dionysus

An almost complete script hypothesis (summary) is preserved in the papyrhynchus fragments of the famous Egyptian site Oxyrhynchus. This is probably one of the plays with double titles. At the top of the papyrus is the title of the script, which is broken after the Greek word "or": if the papyrus is kept a few inches more, it may tell us what the alternative title is.

Judging that Hermes had left, they made some comments about the poet to the audience. When Dionysus appeared, they made fun of him and laughed at him. After Hera gave him unshakable kingship, Athena gave him the courage to fight, while Aphrodite proposed to make him the most beautiful and sexy man. He thinks she is the winner. Then sail to Sparta, take Helen away and return to Ida; Shortly thereafter, he heard that achaean was turning the country into ruins, looking for Alexander. He hid Helen in the basket as quickly as possible, changed his appearance and made himself look like a ram, waiting for what would happen next. When Alexander appeared and caught them, he ordered (his men) to take them to the ship and give them to Achaia. But when Helen was reluctant, he pitied her and took her as his wife. But he sent Dionysus to surrender. The satyr followed, encouraging (him) that they would not abandon him. Pericles was ridiculed by innuendo in the play, which was quite convincing, because he led the war to the Athenians.

Other plays and clips by Clara Tiinus.

The following are the titles of other plays by Clara Tiinus and some fragments attributed to them. These fragments show that it is difficult to draw a conclusion only by taking a few lines out of context.

Achilocks

Titles may refer to Achilles and his followers or poets in the style of Achilles, rather than a lot of repeated Achilles. Achilles was an early lyric poet in Greece. The two surviving fragments are as follows:

How many sophists have you imprisoned!

..... They called it the seat of the great Zeus and the place of the game board.

oxherd

This title may refer to its choir. They may be cows. A surviving fragment of the play retains a Greek proverb:

Kalia is in danger. It seems that I should make my first attempt. ...

("Carian Danger" is widely known for making someone take a one-time risk. )

Baisili

Apollodorus. The myth of Busiris has been preserved. Busiris was an Egyptian king who sacrificed strangers on the altar of Zeus. We know that euripides also wrote a Sartre play called Busiris: this myth is very popular. Otherwise, we know nothing about the plot.

Maiden Delia

Thucydides 3. 104 tells the story of the purification of Tyrol Island by the Athenians in 426 BC, and how they resumed the ceremonies, games and competitions held there before. This festival is held every five years on the island. The name of the play may refer to the girls' choir performing in this situation. If the title really refers to the event in 426 BC, then the play appeared very late in Kratinas' career.

Drama rehearsal/drama festival list/drama production

This comedy has only one line, and the name can have many meanings.

Dionysus (maybe another name for Dionysus)

Let the winner be the one who speaks the most desirable words in this city.

run away

In Greek, the title of the film obviously refers to women running away, but one of the clips refers to a group of weak men, which may indicate that gender types constitute part of the comedy of the play. However, the toilet humor popular in old comedies is still used:

I found Cecil taking a shit in the vegetable field, so I cut it down!

Interestingly, on his way from Tellson to Athens, theseus faced a challenge of fighting Celsi Weng who ruled Ulysses and then killing him.

The man on fire may be the same as Ida's man

It is rare to say any of these plays, especially if they are alternative names for the same play.

EUMENIDES may have the same script as EUNEUS's son.

"Son of Euneus" may refer to Euneus (great-grandson of Dionysus) or the Athenian musician genos (clan), and they use this name. There is a connection between Euneidae(Euneus' son) and the theater. More generally, Dionysus:

【 Location 】 The priest of Milotic in Melbo, Dionysus, from Oneida.

(Written on a seat in Dionysus Theatre: IG II2 5056. )

Thrace women

One of the most interesting clips of the play is kept in Plutarch Perikles 13.9:

Here comes Zeus the onion, Pericles, wearing Odeion on his head, because the repulsion has disappeared.

However, we can't say too much about this clip. Pericles is called Zeus, and these jokes seem to make fun of Pericles's famous big forehead. The exclusion mentioned in the clip caused a heated debate, but no agreement was ever reached.

Kleberinus

Cleobrina of Rhode Island is a famous poet, especially her riddles. The plural form of her name suggests that the choir may be composed of guessing girls.

Lacny people.

This play is little known.

Soft sister

The Greek for this play is "malthakos", which can be translated as "soft". This word means cowardice, rudeness or weakness: in Athenaeus 685c, the chorus of "soft eggs" is quoted to describe the large number of flowers they wear:

I decorate my head with all kinds of flowers: lily, rose, Bai Baihe, delphinium, violet, bergamot, mint, anemone, clustered thyme, saffron, hyacinthus orientalis, helichrysum, rattan flower, lovely day lily, a cluster of daffodils, and honey clover that I have been paying attention to. I wrapped my forehead. Ophiopogon japonicus blooms alone.

Natural enemy of sb.

Compared with some previous episodes, we can better ponder the plot of Nemesis. The play seems to be a satire on the myths of Zeus and Nemesis. Nemesis tried to avoid Zeus' progress by transforming into various animals, and finally became a swan (she later gave birth to Helen of Troy). Plutarch Perikles 3.5, quoting "Come on, God of Guests, God of Heads", refers to Perikles and his prominent forehead. Therefore, the play may imply Pericles, just like Kratinous in Dionysus.

law

The title of the play probably refers to its chorus, which may be a personification method represented by the elderly. Fortius maintained the following route:

..... an old man walked carefully with a cane. ...

..... you are all bribed foxes.

The latter may reasonably imitate Solon's fragment:

Each of you walks like a fox.

Odysseus

This is one of the famous Greek plays, which satirizes the story of Odysseus and Cyclops in the ninth volume of the Odyssey. One of the most famous is euripides's sex maniac drama The Cyclops.

Plato I said in Different Comedies that Clattius's Odysseus is like a comedy in the middle, because it has no chorus songs or fables, and because "it contains no personal humor, but only a spoof of Homer's Odyssey.

Athena 446b kept a line in the play, Odysseus said (probably to Cyclops):

Now take this and drink it, and ask my name.

This may be related to Odysseus getting the cyclops drunk and the "nobody" incident. Athena 385c may have quoted a part of the story that the cyclops ate Odysseus' comrade-in-arms:

In return, I will arrest all of you "loyal comrades in arms", roast you, cook you, roast you, roast you, and soak you in bittern vinegar and warm garlic sauce. You soldiers see who cooks the best, and that's what I want to chew.

all-pervasive

Agus, the guardian of Io's one hundred heads, may be the person referred to in the title of the play. Then suppose that the choir may be a group of Agrus representing contemporary philosophers. "Double-headed" is a term used by parmenides followers of Heraclitus and scholars in aristophanes. Cloud 95 points out:

Clattinius said this earlier in his play The Know-it-All, and he made fun of the philosopher Shippen [Streep Sieders mentioned in Clouds 94-5 that the sky is a plate covering the earth].

Pluto

The choir of this play is composed of titans named Ploutoi ("God of Wealth"), who have broken free. Presumably, they came to Athens to look for an elderly and frail relative. Pluto Yi is also cleaning up the Athenians with illicit wealth. Part of this drama is preserved with a series of other works in "The Philosophy of Athena" from 6.267e to 270a. This passage was chosen as Deipnosophistai because it clearly shows that there was no slavery in the distant past, but these paragraphs as a whole do not exaggerate the lack of slavery.

humus

Although the title of the play is particularly uninspiring, some fragments of the play provide some interesting insights into the behavior of ancient comedy choirs.

The title "Pilea" literally means "at the door", which is the well-known worship title of Demeter in the hot spring pass (literally means "hot"). A long time later, in the 2nd century, Plutarch used the word "Piraya" to mean "strange * * *". In this case, the title may refer to a group of inappropriate individuals, or it may refer to a group of strange individuals: more generally, although it may mean some kind of "hodgepodge".

Seminar of Scholars on Plato 174b quoted from Piraya:

And here we are. As the old saying goes, good people will naturally become a feast for smart audiences.

This shows that the choir of Clattinus participated in the lecture of meta-drama, as seen in aristophanes's plays. 733 scholar aristophanes said when talking about the play:

In Pilea, Kratinius clearly pointed out that there are six levels of chorus.

This means that we have to imagine that at least in this play, the comedy choir (24 members) is divided into six rows, each with four people, and it is rectangular. It is quite different from the chorus in Ode to Dionysus.

erotic

Everything we know about this play comes from the aristophanes Knight Hypothesis, which comments that Sartre's position in 424 BC is second only to K Night. So, maybe we can assume that Kratinius himself was in the audience, or at least heard aristophanes's sarcastic insult to the knight, lines 526-36.

SERIPHOS's people

Severus is an island related to the hero Poerxiusi, and some fragments retain some aspects of Poerxiusi's mythology. The play may have adapted this myth in some form. A survey of the politicians and comedians mentioned in the play helps to roughly determine the production time of the play as 429-425 BC.

Tofini, USA

The title of the play refers to the Oracle of Trofenius, which is located in Le Badea, Pio, near Lake Copayik. This Oracle is often visited by people who go to Delphi on the main road to Delphi (so that they can have different views on the questions they want to answer). Nothing is certain except the title of the play. These two clips can give us a deeper understanding of Oracle worship activities:

Pay tribute to the gods guarding Le Badea in fertile Viotia Plain.

Sword dancing, foot dancing and waist twisting.

A grumpy person

Just like "Erotic" by Kratinas, all the known information about the play is indirectly learned from aristophanes's information, which refers to his Acania people. In 425 BC, The Man in the Storm ranked second in Linea, second only to aristophanes, and ahead of New Moon by Pohris. The title "storm" also means "in trouble".

Kai Long Xing

Kay Long Xing Centauri is the mythological mentor of many Greek heroes. In this play, the choir is made up of a group of Khyron. As popular in old comedies, this drama seems to be dealing with the relationship between "old" and "new". The play most likely appeared in 436-432 BC.

Even for intelligent mortals, music carries endless feelings. ...

Compared with the present, the past life is happy for mortals. Men live a gentle life, with sweet wisdom and the most beautiful mortals.

season

The history of this play can probably be traced back to around 428-426 BC. Although it is hard to say what the plot is, the play may have touched on the music or drama problems at that time, and some surviving fragments have proved this.

heritage

Clara Tiinus's interest in comedy may not be too much in the modern comedy circle, but it may be Clara Tiinus's severe and direct political satire, which is directly related to the classical Athenian public, that is to say, his plays have not been passed down to later generations. Imagine trying to watch an episode of the Daily Show or any other modern political satire without understanding the allusions. If you watch such programs without knowing their background, you will lose a lot of sense of humor.

We can only guess and assume the plots of many of Clara Tiinus's plays, but it seems clear from beginning to end that he is willing to make sharp political satire. He can also create comedy skills, and word games, innuendo and dramatic avoidance are the main contents of his plays. However, his self-satire in Pytine won a dramatic victory at the end of his life, which may be the reason why most Athenians remember him.

Although Clattinus' plays did not reach us completely, more than 500 of his plays still exist. Even until the 10 century, the appearance of Suda's "Katinus" reminded people of his great reputation, perhaps no less than any great Athenian comedy playwright:

The son of Karimi Des; An Athenian; Comedy writer: excellent writing style, but a heavy drinker, a slave to boys' love.

He belongs to the old comedy.

He wrote 2 1 scripts and won 9 prizes.

refer to

Harvey, D. aristophanes's competitor. Welsh Classical Publishing House, 200 1.

Hughes performed a Greek comedy. Cambridge University Press, 20 12.

Heinz Gunter Naesser Lars Brill's New Poly. Brill Academic Lawyers Association, 2007.

Broken laughter. Oxford University Press, 2007.

Storey, I ... Old comedy clips, vol. 1. Harvard University Press, 20 1 1 year.

Aristophanes's translator, Knight, 507 ff. Visited on 20 16 12 1

Aristophanes's translation, Peace, 700 ff. Visited on 20 16 12 1