The darkest political system in ancient China, which suppressed China for 700 years, was physically ended by Huang Chao.

Aristocratic politics is the darkest political system in the ancient history of China. It originated from the Jiupin Zhong Zheng system at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, declined in the Sui Dynasty, and finally withdrew from the historical stage of China in the Tang Dynasty, which lasted for 700 years. It uses the opportunity of electing officials to promote all the children of the family, and then improve the political and economic strength of the family. Kinship is the only measure, not ability and morality. Although the aristocratic system has the positive significance of restraining imperial power, it is more of an all-round monopoly on political, economic, cultural, educational and social development, which has suppressed the historical development of China for hundreds of years. The dynasties dominated by door politics were the weakest dynasties in the ancient history of China, especially the dynasties that caused the five riots, which were completely abandoned by the later rulers after the Tang Dynasty.

1. The gentry were born usurpers. They got a wrong position and soon lost it, which was the root of the unrest.

As a representative of Wei and Jin Dynasties, it is natural for a big family to usurp the throne without the threat of foreign enemies. Cao Zhi controlled the power of the Han Dynasty, and Sima Shi ruled Cao Wei. As senior officials of the former dynasty, Cao Cao and Sima Yi were inconvenient to usurp the throne directly, but their descendants did not have this consciousness, so the wind of Yao and Shun rose again. Other gate valves are not strong enough to maintain loyalty to the new emperor, and once the power of the new emperor's family weakens, they will take their place. If Cao Cao and Sima Yi hadn't let this happen, they would have come up with a political system similar to constitutional monarchy with their own wisdom, so although they didn't usurp the throne, they all wanted to be emperors in their hearts.

Cao Wei only existed for 53 years, and Jin Dynasty only existed for 154 years. The first Qin Emperor Cao Pi and Sima Yan Dou were shocking figures, and their objective speaking ability was far less than Yang Guang's. They are the standard officials of the second generation, and there are no effective measures in governance. Sima Yan also foolishly restored the enfeoffment system, which caused the Eight Kings Rebellion. Coupled with the improper position, the opposition forces were able to survive without blood and fire, so the support rate among the ruling class was not high, and the ruling foundation was relatively weak, which was far from the loyalty of the old Ce Tian generals who followed Li Shimin for several years. The continued implementation of the nine-level Zheng Zheng system continues to monopolize the channels for selecting officials, while the gentry class has decayed to a considerable extent. The so-called Wei and Jin demeanor is simply a joke. The five-year rebellion in China and the great division of the Northern and Southern Dynasties all originated from this.

Sima Yan

2. Aristocrats are corrupt rulers, and only civilians who have struggled for many years have the opportunity to get ahead.

The marriage between the gentry of the right family is just like the marriage of the royal family in Europe. Relatives surround relatives, and all kinds of genetic diseases are in a perfect cycle. In addition, the second generation used ice and drugs, and they couldn't even ride a horse, let alone lead troops to fight. The second generation is not decadent, how can ordinary people stand out? The invasion of foreign enemies and frequent civil strife have given elites from poor families a chance to make their mark. Therefore, after the war of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the former Qin Dynasty, a large number of children in cloth began to enter the army and the government to seize power, although senior positions were still controlled by the gate valve.

With power, there will be conflict. The Hou Jing Rebellion in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Liang Dynasty is a typical representative. Hou Jing, who mastered the relieving of military power, starved Xiao Yan in Liang Wudi, abolished three puppet emperors of Liang Dynasty, and killed dozens of families in Nanjing, Liangdu, paving the way for Chen Baxian, who was born in poverty, to establish the Chen Dynasty.

In the old society, Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people.

3. From Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty to Li Shimin, the imperial examination system abolished Zhong Zheng's "Nine Grades of Righteousness" and restrained land annexation.

After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Yang and Li, the gentry, successively established the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and Emperor Wendi and DuDu of Sui Dynasty vigorously attacked the gentry. In the political system, the abolition of the nine-product system and the implementation of the imperial examination broke the gentry's monopoly on selecting officials; Daxing education, the children of poor families have the opportunity to go to school, breaking the monopoly of knowledge by the gate valve, "the emperor is in Tian Shelang, and the emperor is in court"; At the same time, during the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty and Zhenguan of Li Shimin, many measures were taken to encourage agriculture. The system of land equalization and tenancy adjustment also played a great role in restraining land merger, protecting farmers and weakening the economic base of gentry.

This is inevitable. Under the leadership of emperors like Emperor Wendi and Li Shimin, when they became nobles of the emperor, everyone began to restrain their origins, which is why Da Le is better than Cao Pi and Sima Yan. From the time of Wu Zetian, the ministers who made contributions were listed in the genealogy and surname records, and the ranking of the original aristocratic families was lowered, so that Emperor Yang tried to break the century-old privilege of the aristocratic families. Although there is a rebound, with the deterrent of butcher knives and the support of humble cloth, everyone in the aristocratic family can only gradually lose their monopoly position. Yang Guang, Emperor of Yang Di in the Sui Dynasty, suppressed it too hard, and the gentry rebounded seriously, so the Sui Dynasty perished. However, in the early Tang dynasty, appropriate measures were taken to solve this problem relatively flatly, because good fighters did not have the work of harmony.

4. The peasant war represented by Huang Chao completely wiped out the gentry physically.

The peasant war in the late Sui and Tang Dynasties was the last force to destroy the gentry. This is easy to understand. The main content of the peasant war is to rob large families and hold refugees hostage. Gentry and gentry are big families with 10 million hectares of land. It is easy and rewarding to catch them, so they are naturally the primary target of the peasant war. When the ruling class suppressed the peasant war, it also needed the contribution of the elite, giving people, money and food, and this consumption also weakened the elite.

Huang Chao is the last terminator of the gentry. Huang Chao traveled from Shandong to Guangzhou, from Guangzhou to Chang 'an, and finally to Shandong for six years. During the expedition, human flesh was ground into military food, and killing people did not count. Where did all the gentry on the road escape? Along the way, from body to spirit, from houses to books, countless gentry ended. Huang Chao's actions can be juxtaposed with the abolition of Jiupin Zhong Zheng system by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, which are the two main factors for the political demise of ancient aristocratic families in China.