Who is He Shen's real opponent in the court in history?

He Shen's four major political enemies in his life were A Gui, Fu Kangan, Liu Yong and Dong Gao. Among them, Liu Yong is controversial, because there is a big difference in age and little overlap with He Shen, but the Cathay Pacific case can reflect the great difference between them in life and work. It is not a historical fact that Ji Xiaolan, Hai Sheng, etc. shown in film and television dramas are either non-existent or fictional characters. It is clearly recorded in history that those who fought against He Shen included Yong Gui, Xie Zhending, Cao Xibao, Qian Feng, Yin Zhuangtu, Wang Niansun, Guang Xing, Zhu Gui, Wang Jie, Wu Xiongguang, etc. These people were all opponents of He Shen, either indirectly targeting He Shen or cooperating with the emperor to eradicate the peace party after Jiaqing came to power.

Ji Xiaolan and He Shen

Due to the influence of film and television dramas, Ji Xiaolan and He Shen seem to have become a pair of powerful ministers. In fact, Ji Xiaolan and He Shen are close in history. Because He Shen is 26 years older than Ji Xiaolan and belongs to the superior and subordinate at work, Ji Xiaolan and Ho-shen are both teachers and friends.

He Shen takes care of Ji Xiaolan in his life. If Ji Xiao has different opinions with He Shen at work, he has always been outspoken, and he often reminds He Shen to keep a low profile when doing things for others. The most successful cooperation between the two men lies in the revision of the seal script "Sikuquanshu", which is the greatest achievement of Ji Xiaolan's life. It is no exaggeration to say that He Shen made Ji Xiaolan. He Shen was the president of Siku Quanshu Library in the forty-fifth year of Qianlong (1783), and reviewed the book revision. Ji Xiaolan completed the book revision in the fifty-second year of Qianlong (1787), and was promoted by Zuodu Yushi. If this is not enough to prove the close relationship between the two, then the 6-year scientific research case of Qianlong truly reflects the unusual relationship between the two.

the Qing dynasty continued the previous imperial examination system and left a hidden rule in the Kangxi period, namely? Provincial balance? , that is, the scholar's reference in the level 3 exam, after having obtained the provincial exam, we should select Gongsheng to take part in palace examination after the provincial exam. Here, it is stipulated that 28 people from each province will take part in the exam, and the first one will take part in palace examination, and then the top three produced in palace examination cannot be the same province. This hidden rule has certain political significance for the Manchu ruling regime, which can comprehensively take care of the inner needs of scholars all over the world. However, in the 6-year (1795) exam of Qianlong, the examiner was Dou Guangnai, a Zhejiang scholar. He was determined to break this balance and ranked by his actual achievements, which led to the first two brothers from Zhejiang Province, which caused a great sensation. Group discussion is awkward? .

It happened that this Dou Guangnai impeached He Shen's cronies during his tenure as an official in Zhejiang, which enabled He Shen to seize the opportunity of revenge, so he wrote a letter to impeach Dou Guangnai, accusing him of violating the rules by calling out his contribution to studying in Zhejiang, and also being suspected of taking bribes and leaking examination questions. At this time, Ji Xiaolan became a great scholar in the Qing Dynasty because of the compilation of Sikuquanshu, so he was ordered by Emperor Qianlong to investigate the case thoroughly. The result of Ji Xiaolan's treatment is that Dou Guangnai will be reduced to four levels, and the qualification of the first place in the examination will be cancelled, and the examination paper will be re-examined to draw up the ranking. This decision was taken before Emperor Qianlong, and was supported by He Shen. This shows that the two parties made an arbitration decision after consulting He Shen, so both of them are close in public and private.

He Shen's four major political enemies

Liu Yong is a late bloomer, mainly because he was born too well, and his father Liu Tongxun alienated his son in the inner circle of power in order to protect himself. Liu Yong had never been a Beijing official before 41 years of Qianlong. He entered Beijing at the age of 56, and then spent a year in Hunan. Guotai case? Happened, and was awarded with Douchayuan Zuodu suggestion, together with Qian Feng, He Shen to investigate the case. There is a saying that borrowing money to fill the treasury for future reference, and the Chinese argot "Biography of Mr. Qian Nanyuan"

In this case, Liu Yong and Qian Feng are on the side, and He Shen is close to Cathay Pacific. As early as the court ordered a thorough investigation, He Shen sent a message to let Cathay Pacific make up for the shortage of treasury quickly. Therefore, when Qian Feng and Liu Yong investigated the case in the early stage, they did not find any shortage of silver in the treasury. Face? Draw dozens of letters, and there is no shortage of silver? Situation, He Shen ordered to stop the interrogation, and Liu Yong and Qian Feng jointly sealed the library, and secretly scrutinized, found? Multi-series round silk variegated silver? , that is to say, the silver in the treasury is different from that in the treasury, and it was appropriated from other places. From this point of view, it was found that a province in Shandong had a deficit of more than two million pieces of silver, and a series of officials, such as Shandong Governor Guotai, fell, most of whom were He Shen cronies. From this point of view, Liu Yong was He Shen's political enemy. However, He Shen was highly prized by Qianlong, and Liu Yong never entered the military plane in his life. He was also exempted from the post of a university student in Qianlong for 52 years, so he was not a threat to He Shen.

after being removed from office, Liu Yong kept his sanity, pretended to be old and played the fool, and often made low-level mistakes. Win? The emperor scolded, disrespected etiquette, ignored bribery when imperial academy was in the study, failed to correct his subordinates' laziness when he went to the study, and made sloppy papers when the examiners tried. In the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Emperor Jiaqing took power completely before he sealed Prince Liu Yong's official seal, and took the lead in handling the case of He Shen's planting the party for personal gain and taking bribes without authorization, which further demonstrated the irreconcilable side between Liu Yong and He Shen. Otherwise, Emperor Jiaqing would not use a 69-year-old man to investigate the case, and Liu Yong did not live up to expectations. He found out 2 crimes such as extortion, plundering the people's fat, corruption and self-enrichment by He Shen and his followers.

A Gui and Fu Kangan should be regarded as the biggest obstacles on the way to He Shen's promotion. In terms of the Eight Banners, both of them belong to the Three Banners, A Gui is still the commander-in-chief, and He Shen is the red flag, which is shorter than the Manchu. A Gui and Fu Kangan are both in the military, and both are in charge of the military. A Gui is the son of Akdun, and Fu Kangan is the son of Fu Heng, both of whom are famous, and both of them look down on He Shen's background. Therefore, there is a reason why He Shen befriended Ji Xiaolan, because both of them were born in mediocrity, which was a very important basis for interpersonal communication in the Qing Dynasty. A Gui always belonged to the chief minister of military aircraft in the middle of Qianlong period, and Fu Kangan also occupied a seat of military aircraft. A Gui followed Fu Heng to make a name for himself, so A Gui was very close to Fu Kangan. In the face of He Shen, which was too quick to stir up, they often attacked the emperor.

He Shen's cleverness lies in his flexibility. In the face of the attacks of such important officials as A Gui and Fu Kangan, his countermeasure is to admit cowardice and then often praise their contributions. After this comparison, Emperor Qianlong thinks that the two men are ok in fighting, and they are not as dignified as He Shen. After He Shen entered the inner circle, Emperor Qianlong always consulted He Shen when he encountered incurable diseases, and He Shen took A Gui and Fu Kangan's ability to handle affairs as the reason. Arrangement? Many tiring tasks were given to the two, which separated them from the emperor. Maybe He Shen didn't have a better way to treat these two opponents, but he did it wisely, because He Shen was young and had plenty of time to waste. This is also the case. In the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Fu Kangan died from overwork in the army that suppressed the Miao uprising, and the following year, A Gui also lost all its lights due to perennial oil conquest.

Dong Gao can be said to have stepped on Liu Yong's head to be a college student. This was the first year of Jiaqing (1796). This appointment was actually made by Emperor Qianlong to spur Liu Yong, because Liu Yong often made mistakes at this time, so his seniority was useless. As early as forty-four years in Qianlong, Dong Gao had been charged with military aircraft. At this time, although He Shen did not enter the military aircraft, he was already a command minister and was in full swing. Dong Gao acted fairly, so he didn't like some crooked ways of He Shen. However, He Shen's promotion was too fast, so that after the Emperor's father was blind and deaf, he went to court every day, Jiaqing Emperor and He Shen stood side by side, and the Emperor's father's words came from He Shen. With the death of A Gui and other etiquette, Dong Gao was even more afraid to fight openly, so he had to learn to pretend to be old and sell silly.

He Shen's other rivals

have never suppressed righteousness. Besides the above four important rivals, there are also many people who oppose He Shen. For example, Yin Zhuangtu, He Shen, in order to solve the income problem of Emperor Qianlong, founded? Negotiable bank? System, that is to say, officials can take money to eliminate disasters, which leads to many things that are corrupt and pervert the law being sheltered. Yin Zhuangtu's system of impeaching He Shen is the root of official corruption. The imperial court is rotten from top to bottom, full of corrupt officials. Emperor Qianlong ordered Yin Zhuang to investigate the matter thoroughly, while He Shen intervened and arranged for his cronies to celebrate being positive, while Yin Zhuang was vice-president, working together to investigate the case. The warehouse is neat and tidy, and there is no deficit. I have been sincerely attached to it. Can you please return to Beijing for punishment today?

The first target of the investigation of the Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty was Ming Bao, uncle He Shen's Shanxi governor. Because of He Shen's internal help, Ming Bao got the news and misappropriated Taiyuan's library in Datong. As a result, Yin Zhuangtu went to Datong and found nothing. Ming Bao also pretended to be poor and entertained the imperial envoy with four dishes and one soup. After Shanxi, Shandong, Zhili and other places are still unable to find evidence, and the governors of all places are clean. After March, Yin Zhuang tried to plead guilty. According to the Qing law, slandering courtiers was a capital crime. He Shen came forward at this time? Plead? Yin Zhuangtu was sent to Ili, Xinjiang to be banished.

Another example is Cao Xibao, the censor of Shaanxi Road. He found that Liu Quanchao, a slave in He Shen, regulated the building of houses. Earlier, he said that A Gui had always looked down on He Shen, and this Cao Xibao was hand-picked by A Gui, so he thought it was time to repay him, so he wrote to impeach He Shen for conniving at the slave. In fact, Ji Xiaolan had stepped in to stop this matter, because Ji Xiaolan and Cao Xibao had a good relationship at the same time, so before they were clear, he suggested that Cao Xibao should not be reckless, but Cao Xibao just wanted to seize the opportunity. Which He Shen slave, Liu Quan, was ordered to build a house in order to marry the little daughter of Emperor Qianlong, the son of He Shen, Feng?enyende. This impeachment fell into the pit, angered Emperor Qianlong, and questioned Cao Xibao, a court official, why he was mixed with other minions, whether he had ulterior motives, and then dismissed him for investigation. Ji Xiaolan also spent some time explaining this.

In fact, such things are not uncommon, such as Xie Zhending who set fire to He Shen Huache; Wu Xiongguang, who had been blocked from military department by He Shen, strengthened his determination when Jiaqing Emperor hesitated to punish He Shen. Before He Shen was put in prison, Zhu Gui, Wang Jie, etc., who set off impeachment public opinion. Although these people could not decide the fate of He Shen during the Qianlong period, they all laid hands on them in key links when He Shen fell, and their opponents were not strong enough to be called. People had no opponents when the wind was smooth, but they were all opponents when the tiger fell to Pingyang.