Liu Xiao's classical Chinese essays

1. Liu Hang’s classical Chinese reading

Liu Hang, also known as Chongzhi.

A native of Yongxin, Jizhou. When you are older, you will be free and easy-going.

He failed to pass the imperial examination and called himself a "retired scholar". He did not take part in the imperial examination. His father strongly encouraged him. In the eighth year of Tiansheng's reign, he finally got the second place in the Jinshi examination and served as a judge in Dali and a general judge in Shuzhou.

There was a case in the state that had not been decided for several years, but Liu Hang decided it in a few days. When Empress Dowager Zhang Xian built the Zisheng pagoda, her chamberlain Zhang Huaixin relied on edicts and supervised the work very strictly. Even state generals complained of illness and dared not take up their posts.

Liu Hang petitioned to remove Zhang Huaixin. He was successively promoted to serve as Taichang Cheng and Zhi Jixian Yuan, and was appointed magistrate of Hengzhou after leaving the capital.

There was a man named Yin in the state who bullied his neighbors because they were old and weak, and planned to steal their land secretly, so he forged a land sale contract and waited until the old man next door passed away to seize it. , took possession of the fields. The neighbor's son appealed to the state and county, but his grievance was not redressed for twenty years.

When Liu Hang took office, he appealed to him again. Yin took many years of taxes as evidence, and Liu Hang said, "You have thousands of hectares of land. Is this the only annual tribute? When you made the deed, did you ask your neighbors? Most of their families originally had Yes, you can ask."

Yin then confessed. 2. Liu Shu's study, classical Chinese translation

For the sake of learning, Shu took all the records from his calendar, location, official position, clan name to the official documents of the previous dynasty for examination and verification.

I traveled hundreds of miles to find books, so I read and copied them while I was there, forgetting to sleep and eat. I traveled to Wan'an Mountain with Sima Guang. There is a stele beside the road. I read it and read that it was a general from the Five Dynasties. I am sorry to say that he acted consistently, but I believe it based on the old history.

During the Song Dynasty, I knew Bozhou, and my family had many books, so I am sorry that I borrowed them in vain. The next day, I brought a meal as a gift to the host. He said, "This is not what I came here to do. It is a waste of time for me."

He left. I closed the pavilion alone, recited the manuscript day and night, stayed for ten days, finished all the books, and left, my eyes were covered with clouds.

He wrote "Chronicles of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms" to prepare the "Spring and Autumn Period of the Sixteen Kingdoms", and also collected current events from ancient times to King Weilie of Zhou Dynasty. Those that were not recorded in "Historical Records" and "Zuo Shi Zhuan" were compiled into "Tongjian" "Waiji". The family was poor and had nothing to offer them, and they took nothing from others.

When I returned from Luonan, it was winter and there was no cold equipment. Sima Guang left his clothes, stockings and old mattress, but he refused to take them back. He took them by force and said goodbye. When he came to Ying, he sealed them and returned them.

Translation: Forgiveness, courtesy name Daoyuan. In Liu Shu's scholarship, everything from historical allusions, geography, official titles, family names to public case documents of previous generations must be taken out separately for verification.

In order to find a book, even though it was hundreds of miles away, I started reading and copying it as soon as I got it, forgetting to sleep and eat. When traveling to Wan'an Mountain with Sima Guang, there were inscriptions on the roadside. After reading the inscriptions, it turned out that they were famous generals from the Five Dynasties. Unknown to others, Liu Shu was able to tell what this person did and what happened. When he went back to check the old history, it turned out to be true.

Song Cidao was the magistrate of Haozhou. He had many books at home, and Liu Shu went to his home to borrow them. Ci Dao prepared meals every day and followed the etiquette of his master. Liu Shu said: "This is not the purpose of my coming. It is still disturbing my affairs."

They all left. I stayed alone in the pavilion, reciting manuscripts day and night. I stayed there for more than ten days, and then I went back after reading the book.

Liu Shu's family has always been poor. They have no way to provide for themselves and do not take anything from others. When we returned home from Luonan, it was winter and there was nothing to keep out the cold.

Sima Guang gave him clothes and an old mattress, but Liu Shu refused to accept them. Sima Guang gave them to him and left. When he arrived at Yingzhou, he sealed them and returned them to Sima Guang. 3. Translation of the biography of Liu Jue from classical Chinese to vernacular (Mandarin)

Original translation

Liu Jue, courtesy name Shuwen, was born in Shouguang. Passed the imperial examination in the 13th year of Zhengtong. He was changed to Shujishi and given the title of editor and editor. During the Tianshun period, he successively served as Youzhong Yun and Minister of the East Palace.

Xianzong ascended the throne. As an old bureaucrat, he was promoted to Taichang Qing many times, and served as a bachelor's degree student. In the tenth year of Chenghua, he was promoted to Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and continued to serve as an official. Every time Liu Yi gave a lecture, he repeatedly enlightened him and spoke in a calm and unhurried tone, which frightened everyone who heard him. Liu Dingzhi, a bachelor, is said to be the first in officialdom, and Xianzong is also very important. In the second year, he was ordered to serve as an official and a Hanlin scholar, and to be assigned to Wenyuan Pavilion to participate in confidential affairs. The emperor always called him "Mr. Dongliu" and gave him a seal. The article said "Jiayou praised Yi".

Soon he was promoted to Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and was joined by Prince Shaobao and Wenyuange Bachelor. "Wenhua Training" was successful. He was promoted to the title of Taibao of the Crown Prince and bachelor of the Jinshen Palace.

Liu Yi has a cheerful and straightforward personality. He considers himself a former bureaucrat and does not shy away from things he encounters. Lin Jun, a foreign minister, was imprisoned for impeaching Liang Fang and Ji Xiao, and he explained in front of the emperor. Li Zisheng and others tried to destabilize the prince by trying to disrupt the government. Liu Yi secretly went to the bookstore to advise him, and his plan was less hindered. He has always looked down upon Wan An, and once rebuked Wan An for letting down the country and having no shame. Angrily, I feel sore in my thoughts day and night. At the beginning, Shang was in charge of the impeachment of Wang Zhi, and Liu Yi, Wan An, and Liu Ji helped fight, and the result was that Xichang was dismissed. One day, Liu Yi scolded Wang Yue again in the court, and Wang Yue retreated in shame. Soon the West Factory was reset and the acid could not be argued. In the eighteenth year, seeing how Zhi had fallen out of favor, he speculated that the West Factory should be discontinued and invited Liu Yi to play with him. Liu Yue refused, so Wan An went to the memorial hall alone. When the memorial was submitted, the emperor was surprised that Liu Hu's name was not included. An secretly sent someone to expose Liu Yi's involvement with Zhi. It happened that Liu Yi, the son of Liu Yi, invited Liu Yi to have a drink. Zhao Bin performed the opera "Liu Gongzi Qu", sometimes adding obscene words, and it was performed in the Zajiaofang Academy. The emperor was very angry and decided to remove the grease. The eunuch Qin Chang was sent to summon Wan An and Liu Ji to the west corner gate and show them a letter written by the emperor himself. An and others pretended to be surprised and came to the rescue. The next day, Liu Yi asked to retire. He galloped, and my monthly and yearly gifts, silver, and banknotes were fine. In fact, it was Wan An and Liu Ji who planned to exclude Liu Hu and make him leave.

There were three people in the cabinet at that time. Wan An was greedy and cunning, and Ji Yin was insecure. Liu Bo is a little better, but he likes Tan Lun, whose eyes are wild. Liu Yi had already retreated hastily, and Peng Hua and Yin Zhi entered the cabinet one after another. The parties of Wan An and Liu Ji became more stable. Liu Yi encountered his mother's death and guarded her tomb for three years. When he returns, he will serve his father with filial piety. When his father passed away, he restored the house to his tomb. Mi died in the third year of Hongzhi's reign, and his nickname was Wenhe. In the early years of Jiajing, due to the request of the admonishment officials, the temple was given the plaque "Zhaoxian", and officials were still dispatched to offer sacrifices.

Source

From "History of the Ming Dynasty".

1. Source

From "History of the Ming Dynasty" 4. Translation of Liu Yi's literary works

Liu Yi, courtesy name Zixiang, was a native of Yingyin in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He attaches great importance to righteousness and morality, and his family has abundant wealth for generations. He often helps others without wanting others to repay him.

Liu Yi once traveled in Runan. A man named Zhang Jili from Chen State was going to a funeral in a distant place. Unexpectedly, he encountered ice and the car broke down, so it was stuck on the road. When Liu Yi saw it, he immediately got out of the car, gave his car to Zhang Jili, and without saying his name, he got on his horse and left. Zhang Jili guessed that he might be Liu Yi, who was rumored to value morality and righteousness. Afterwards, he made a special trip to Yingyin to return the car to Liu Yi, but Liu Yi found out and closed the door and told people that he had gone out. Unlike Zhang Jili, Zhang Jili See.

Liu Yi stuck to his ambitions and refused to succumb to the imperial court's appointments. Later, he accepted the appointment of Zhong Fu, the prefect of Yingchuan, as a meritorious officer. Because he helped a lot in a matter that affected Zhong Fu's life and death, Zhong Fu wanted to recommend Liu Yi as Xiaolian, but Liu Yi declined. He is ashamed to use this kind of thing to gain fame.

Later, war broke out and famine broke out in local counties. Liu Yi worked hard to help those who were short of food. Hundreds of people survived because of him. In short, as long as someone in the village clan needs help and relief, he will always do his best to help and provide relief.

After Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty (Liu Xie) moved the capital to Xijing, Liu Yi was recommended as a strategist. Later, because of his meritorious service, the emperor issued a special edict to appoint him as Yilang and transferred him to Chenliu as prefect. Liu Yi gave away all the treasures he held to others, leaving only his carriage and horses to go to his post.

After leaving Hangu Pass for hundreds of miles, Liu Yi found a scholar-bureaucrat dying of illness on the roadside. Liu Yi exchanged his horse for the coffin, took off his clothes and buried the deceased.

After walking for a while, he met a man he knew before who was embarrassed and hungry on the road. Liu Yi couldn't bear to leave him, so he killed the ox driving him to relieve the man's hunger. . Everyone tried to dissuade him, but Liu Yi said: "You are not an ambitious person who refuses to save you." Later, Liu Yi and the others all died of hunger.

When you see someone in trouble, you have no selfish motives and give all you have to help them, even if you lose your life. This is what our divine culture talks about "sacrifice one's life for righteousness"!

Liu Yi did good deeds and didn’t like people to know about them, and he didn’t seek fame and reputation, but God clearly sees everything in the world. Liu Yi is accumulating virtue for himself and for his future life. Having laid a very good foundation, sooner or later you will receive the good rewards given by God. If you don’t get it in this life, you will get it in the next life, because this is the law of heaven. 5. Translation of Liu Shu’s classical Chinese readings Liu Shu Shaoying Wu, Qiu Shu

Shu, whose courtesy name is Daoyuan. Liu Shu’s scholarship covers historical allusions, geography, official titles, family names, and public records of previous generations. , had to be taken out separately for verification. In order to find books that were hundreds of miles away, I started reading and copying them as soon as I got them, forgetting to eat or sleep. When I was traveling to Wan'an Mountain with Sima Guang, there was an inscription on the roadside. After reading the inscription, it turned out that it was from the Five Dynasties. Dear generals, what others don’t know is that Liu Shu can tell what this person did and what happened. He went back to check the old history, and it turned out to be the case. Song Cidao was the governor of Haozhou, and he had many books at home. Liu Shu went to his house to borrow them. Cidao After preparing meals every day and following the etiquette of the master, Liu Shu said: "This is not the purpose of my coming, and it is something that disturbs me." They all left. He closed the door alone in the pavilion, reciting handwritten manuscripts day and night, and stayed there for ten years. The next day, I went back after reading the book. Liu Shu's family had always been poor and had no way to provide for themselves and did not take anything from others. When I returned home from Luonan, it was winter and there was nothing to keep out the cold. Sima Guang gave him clothes and old clothes. Liu Shu refused to take the mattress, but Sima Guang gave it to him and left. When he arrived at Yingzhou, he sealed it and returned it to Sima Guang. 6. Liu Chen's life in classical Chinese

Liu Chen's life

Liu Ningzhi ⑤ is ① recognized by his writings ②, so he goes with it. This person later returned what he gained and lost, and refused to take it back. In addition, Shen Linshi also recognized the shoes for his neighbors. Linshi smiled and said, "Is this your shoe?" He gave it to him. When a neighbor found and lost a shoe and returned it, Linshi said, "Isn't it your shoe?" He smiled and accepted it.

Although this is a small matter, ④ one should act like a Linshi, not like a Ningzhi.

Translation

Liu Ningzhi was pointed out that the shoes he was wearing belonged to someone, so he gave his shoes to him. The man later found the lost shoes and returned Liu Ningzhi's shoes. Liu Ningzhi refused to take it. Shen Linshi was also pointed out by his neighbor that the shoes he was wearing belonged to his neighbor. Shen Linshi smiled and said, "They are your shoes." Then he gave them to him. The neighbor later found the lost shoes and returned Shen Linshi's shoes. Shen Linshi said, "Aren't they your shoes?" Shen Linshi looked at them and smiled. Accepted. Although this is a trivial matter, one should behave like Shen Linshi and should not imitate Liu Ningzhi. 7. Original text and translation of the classical Chinese text "Liu Song, courtesy name Zigao"

Original text

Liu Song, courtesy name Zigao, was a native of Taihe, formerly known as Chu. The family was poor in mechanics and had no fire, and his hands were chapped but he couldn't stop recording money. Songyou is erudite and honest and prudent by nature. The three brothers live together in Maowu, with fifty acres of land. It's expensive and has no benefit. After ten years, a cloth quilt was injured by a rat, and then he changed it. He still used it to clothe his son. When he was an official, he did not feel tired of his family. When he was appointed to Peiping, he took a boy with him and sent him back when he arrived. In the afternoon, when the officials retired, they would study alone and often reach the end of the year. He was good at poetry and was named "Xi ***" by Yu Zhang people.

Translation:

Liu Song, named Zigao, was from Taihe. His original name was Liu Chu. He came from a poor family and studied hard. There was no fire in the cold weather, and his hands were cracked by the cold, but he still continued to copy. He has been very knowledgeable since childhood and is honest and cautious by nature. The three brothers live together in a thatched house with fifty acres of thin farmland. After he became famous, he did not add any land. I used a cloth quilt for ten years until it was bitten by a mouse, so I replaced it, but I still repaired it and turned it into clothes for my son. When he was an official, he never let his family members accompany him. When he took office in Peiping, he only brought a book boy with him, and sent him back after arriving in Peiping. In the evening, when the officials got off work, he would be the only one reading by himself, often until dawn. He is good at writing poems, and people in Yuzhang praise him as the "Master of the West". 8. Translation of Young Liu Bei's Classical Chinese

The late master's surname was Liu, Tabei, and his courtesy name was Xuande. He was a native of Zhuo County, Zhuo County, and the son of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, after the victory of King Jing of Zhongshan. The late master was a young orphan, and he and his mother made a living by selling shoes and weaving mats. There is a mulberry tree on the fence in the southeast corner of the house, which is more than five feet high. When you see children like the hood of a cart, everyone who comes and goes wonders that this tree is extraordinary, or that it is a noble person. When the late master was young, he and the children of his clan were playing under a tree and said, "I must ride in this feather-covered chariot.

The uncle and his son said respectfully, "Don't lie and destroy our clan!" "On the fifteenth year of the year, my mother sent her to study, and together with Liu Deran and Liaoxi Gongsun Zan, they were sent to the same county as Jiujiang prefect Lu Zhi. Deran's father Yuan Qi often donated money to the late master, and Deran and others. Yuan Qi's wife said: "Each one has a family. How can you always stay away from evil! "Yuan Qi said: "There is such a son in my sect, he is very human. "And Zan was deeply friends with the late master. When Zan was old, the late master took care of him as a brother. The late master was not very fond of reading, but liked dogs, horses, music, and beautiful clothes. He was seven feet and five inches long, with his hands down and his knees down, and he looked after himself. He is a man of few words, good at serving people, and is good at making friends with heroes. When he was young, he was a big businessman in Zhongshan, such as Zhang Shiping and Su Shuang. Nai Duo and his wealth.

The ancestor’s surname was Liu Bei, whose name was Xuande. He was from Zhuo County, Zhuo County, and was a descendant of Liu Sheng, Prince Jing of Zhongshan, the emperor of the Han Dynasty. His father died when he was young, and he and his mother made a living by weaving and selling straw sandals. There was a five-foot-tall mulberry tree next to the fence in the southeast corner of (their) house. From a distance, it looked like a bare car hood, and people coming and going looked at it. I was surprised by the unusualness of this tree, and some people said that (this foretells) a noble person will appear. When the Lord was young, he was playing under the tree with the children of his clan, and said: "Oh, I will inherit this canopy chariot (made of elm tree). "Uncle Liu Zijing said to him: 'Don't talk nonsense, (this) will destroy the clan." When he was fifteen years old, he, his fellow clansmen Liu Deran and Liaoxi Gongsun Zan all served Lu Zhi (general) of the same county as the former prefect of Jiujiang. Deran's father Liu Yuanqi often gave money to the late master, which was equal to Deran's. Yuanqi's wife said: "We are all from the same family, how can this happen all the time!" Liu Yuanqi said: "There is this child in my clan, he is not an ordinary person. ”

Gongsun Zan had a close friendship with the late master. Gongsun Zan was older, and the former master served him as an elder brother (courtesy). The First Master was not very fond of reading. He liked dogs and horses, (listening to) music, and (wearing) beautiful clothes. He was seven feet five inches tall. He lowered his hands below his knees and looked back at himself to see his ears. He talks little, is good at lowering his status to others, and keeps his emotions and anger hidden. He likes to associate with heroes, and young people rush to rely on him. The great merchants of Zhongshan, Zhang Shiping, Su Shuang, and others, accumulated thousands of gold from buying and selling goods. Horse traders were doing business in Zhuo County. When they saw the former lord, they thought he was unusual, so they gave him more gold and wealth. The First Lord can therefore be used to gather people. 9. Dear gods, please translate Liu Yu’s classical Chinese works

Liu Ye, a righteous man from Zhuozhou.

Liu Sheng had a decent demeanor, and like his elder brother Liu Xuan and younger brother Gou, they were both famous in the Yan and Ji areas for their studiousness. Later, he was appointed as the observation and promotion officer of Wang Chuzhi of Dingzhou.

Wang Chuzhi was imprisoned in Wangdu for his son, Liu Shan's brother Liu Xuan was also killed by his enemies, and Liu Shan fled to Cangzhou. When Emperor Zhuangzong of the Tang Dynasty came to the throne, he appointed Liu La as Dr. Taichang and a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy. During the reign of Emperor Mingzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was promoted to serve as Minister of War several times.

Emperor Mingzong always respected Liu Shan and loved his charm, so he became a bachelor of Duanming Palace. In the third year of Changxing, he was appointed as the Minister of Zhongshu and the Minister of the Ministry of Punishment, and as Ping Zhangshi under Tong Zhongshu. Liu Ye went to the gate of Zhongxing Hall to apologize. On this day, he did not sit down for the high sacrifice. Prime Minister Ma was proud of this at that time.

The Emperor of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne and was promoted to Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and Minister of the Ministry, and supervised the compilation of national history. At the beginning, when the deposed emperor came in, he asked the third envoy Wang Mei: "How much money is there in the treasury? Wang Mei said": "There are millions."

There is not even a tenth of the reward for the army. , Tang Fei Emperor was furious, dismissed Wang Mei, and ordered Liu Ye to concurrently judge the three divisions. Liu Wei was observant by nature, and the jealousy of the Three Divisions was particularly serious. With this design document, he checked the truth and the truth, and all the remaining negatives were eliminated.

In the past, officials had been in hiding for many years, so they controlled the prefectures and counties to ask for bribes, and they were all deleted. The people were happy and grateful, but the officials of the three divisions were frustrated and resentful. First of all, Feng Dao and Liu Sheng were relatives, and they were both prime ministers. After that, Li Yu took his place.

I have always disliked Feng Dao as a person. Whenever there was any delay, he would always criticize and ridicule Liu Sheng, saying: "Your in-laws did it!" Liu Wei lacked tolerance by nature, and I was particularly strong and upright, so Disparaging each other. The officials of the prime minister's office were jealous of the two people's uprightness, so they both announced it. After hearing this, they deposed the emperor and canceled it, and appointed Liu Ye as the right servant.

At this time, the officials of the three divisions gathered outside Yuehua Gate with their official seals. When they heard that Xuan Ma had dismissed Prime Minister Liu Shan, everyone cheered and celebrated, saying: "We are happy from here on!" Liu Wei became prime minister. Position, not familiar with allusions. At the beginning, when Emperor Mingzong of the Tang Dynasty passed away, Cui Jujian, the minister of Taichang, should be the envoy of etiquette according to the old rules. Cui Jujian was named Li because of his ancestral name.

Feng Dao appointed Cui Jujian as secretary-supervisor. Cui Jujian was unhappy and derelict in his duties. Li Xiang, a member of Zhongshushe, drafted the imperial edict for Cui Jujian. If he was "fearful of fame", Liu Chang would easily say "shameful and unqualified".

Cui Jujian complained: "There are prescribed formats for name avoidance. What crime am I guilty of?" Everyone who heard about it at the time said it was a joke. When Ren Pushe entered the court, he was caught in the rain. In the corridor of the guard station, the officials of Yushitai led Pushe to stand under Zhongcheng Yushi. Liu Ye blamed the officials for this matter, and no one from the prime minister to Taiwan Province knew about it.

At this time, Feng Daoba became Sikong. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the three princes have no specific responsibilities and are not specially assigned. When the Tao becomes Sikong, even if they ask the relevant departments, they don’t know the schedule. Therefore, they do not enter the court, wait for the Taiwan officials and the two provinces to enter, and then enter, and the prime minister comes out. Follow out.

When Liu Shan was appointed as a servant, he dismissed himself from the prime minister's post and became the same as Dao, so he went in and out along the road. Some officials could not correct him, but many people secretly laughed. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu of the Jin Dynasty, Zhang Congbin rebelled and killed the prince Shi Chongxin in Luoyang, so he appointed Liu Ye to stay in the eastern capital and judge salt and iron.

In the first year of good luck, he will be worshiped as Sikong and Tongzhongshu, and he will be sentenced to three divisions. The Khitan invaded the capital, and Liu Shan was dismissed from his position as Taibao due to eye problems. He died that year at the age of sixty.