Literature and History Banquet: Why does Korea hate Russians more than the Japanese even if it is annexed by Japan?

Text/Zhao Jingda Japan's annexation of North Korea is an important step to become a big country. Everyone is familiar with this matter, but the specific details may not be so clear. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, North Korea lost the protection of China, which led Russia to compete with Japan. Then Russia was defeated in the Russo-Japanese War, and Japan was the only one in Asia, and its fate was frozen. Interestingly, even though Russia is the object of exploitation, Koreans still regard Russians as animals, and their ill feelings towards Russians are far better than those of Japanese, which shows the poor popularity of Russia. Emperor Gaozong of North Korea survived between Japan and Russia 1, and with the death of the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 as the dividing line, the powers basically completed the division of the world. But Russia refused to withdraw the troops sent by the boxer movement and stopped in Manchuria. Since the formation of the Franco-Russian alliance in 1894+ 10, Germany has been expecting the Far East issue to intensify and Russia to fall into the mire of Manchuria. On the other hand, Japan and Britain formed anglo-japanese alliance in 1902 and 1 respectively for their respective interests in South Korea and China. Russia, which was hit, began to withdraw its troops from Manchuria from 10. Around this period, the emperor who was deeply involved in the crisis of confrontation between Japan and Russia formally put forward the policy of "neutrality". This policy was first put forward by Zhao, the ambassador to Japan who took office in August 1900, following the emperor's intention, but it was opposed by Japan, and Russia and the United States were also passive, so it ended in failure. From June 10 to June 1 10, Russian Finance Minister Werther unexpectedly proposed a neutral plan for North Korea to Japan, which was jointly guaranteed by other countries, but was still rejected by Japan. In1901kloc-0/0, the persistent Emperor Gaozong once again proposed a neutral plan to Japan through Foreign Minister Park Qichun. After all, what Japan needs is the Japan-South Korea defense alliance plan, so the neutral plan was flatly rejected. The non-wartime neutrality plan could not be recognized, so Emperor Gaozong sent a special envoy to Japan and Russia in August 1903 to put forward the wartime neutrality plan. The Russo-Japanese war is imminent. If this continues, North Korea is likely to be involved in the war. Needless to say, Japan still refuses North Korea's neutrality, while Russia does not recognize it because it does not intend to go to war with Japan. The intensification of contradictions between Li Xi, Korea's Emperor Gaozong, Japan and Russia and the failure of negotiations. Since the 20th century, these two countries have bought land in North Korea. In order to obtain an ice-free port and recover the losses caused by poor management in Manchuria, Russia actively purchased land in North Korea. On the other hand, Japan buys land purely for military purposes. During the period from 1899 to 1900, opinions on land purchase around Mashanpu were sharply opposed. Russia made concessions at a critical moment to avoid the outbreak of war. Japan ensured that the troops landed on the land paved by Mashan. From 1903, the opposition between the two countries entered the decisive battle stage. In April of the same year, Russia did not withdraw the second batch of troops that should have withdrawn from Manchuria. Moreover, Russia tried to strengthen its control over Manchuria. In May, Russia purchased Longyanpu land at the mouth of the Yalu River on the North Korean side, built buildings and began to cut down forests. Russia has no intention of entering the whole territory of Korea, but it has the intention of building a defense line to prevent Japan from entering Manchuria. The two sides are at daggers drawn. 1903 In August, the two countries held talks. The difficulty of the negotiation can be imagined. In the end, Russia made substantial concessions and put forward a proposal close to the "Manchu-DPRK exchange theory", which is exactly what Japan wants. At the beginning, Russia also put forward an additional plan, requiring that the north of the 39th parallel should be a neutral zone, but Russia finally gave up the plan. 1904 On February 4th, just before this proposal was conveyed to Japan, Japan held a command meeting (the important state summit attended by the Emperor) and decided to go to war with Russia. However, even if this proposal is conveyed to Japan before Japan decides to go to war, it is likely that Japan will not change its decision. This is because Russia proposed a plan to ban the use of the territory of the Korean Empire for military purposes, and Japan asked Russia to withdraw the proposal. In the final analysis, this small concession by Russia is not enough to dispel Japan's idea of going to war. The war debate has flooded to the point where it cannot be suppressed in Japan. Since the triple intervention, Japan has taken "serving the salary and tasting the courage" as its motto, and there has been an upsurge of war between the government and the people all over the country. They strongly hope that Japan can achieve military rule over North Korea. The "Seven Doctoral Opinions" published on June 24th, 1903 before the Japan-Russia negotiations 1903 is a symbol of the upsurge of the Japanese war. Russo-Japanese War, the failure of Korea's neutrality 3. The Korean Empire, unwilling to get involved in the Russo-Japanese War, put all its eggs in one basket in order to implement the wartime neutrality policy without being recognized by Japan and Russia. On June1904,65438+1October 2 1, it was declared neutral in the wild, and it was recognized by Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Denmark and China. Russia, which does not want to go to war until the end, also tends to recognize North Korea's neutrality at this difficult time. Russia believes that using North Korea's wartime neutrality declaration as a shield can restrain Japan and prevent Japan from coercing Emperor Gaozong to take military action. The wartime neutrality policy once showed signs of success, although this sign only lasted for a short time. However, Japan continues to ignore North Korea's neutrality. As soon as the command meeting decided to go to war on February 4, the Japanese joint fleet launched a pre-emptive attack on the Russian fleet outside Lushun Port on February 8. The war began. On the 6th, Japan occupied the telecommunication offices in Zhenhai, Busan and Mashan. Like the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Japan first took military action against North Korea. 10 In February, Japan declared war on Russia on the grounds of "preserving South Korea" and forced the Korean Empire to sign the "Japan-South Korea Protocol" on the 23rd. After the signing of the protocol, Japan will oppose the signing of the protocol from beginning to end and strongly advocate that Li, who is neutral, be brought to Japan. At this point, Japan's ambitions were exposed. The "Manchurian-Korean exchange" that Japan yearns for is not only at the level of monopolizing rights and guiding the internal affairs of the Korean Peninsula, but the real purpose of Japan is to realize the military occupation of the whole Korean Peninsula. If Japan only wants to monopolize the interests and internal affairs guidance of the Korean Peninsula, the Russo-Japanese War will never break out. A war motivated by this is by no means a defensive war. During the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese poster "Japan-Korea Protocol" consisted of six articles, and the Korean Empire accepted Japan's "administrative improvement" (article 1) on the condition that Japan would try its best to protect the "security of the royal family of the Korean Empire" (article 2) and at the same time ensure the "independence and territorial preservation" of the Korean Empire (article 3). The important thing is the fourth article, that is, in order to protect the royal family and territory of the Korean Empire from civil strife and aggression by a third country, Japan can "take necessary measures at an appropriate time" and the Korean Empire "enables Japan to move smoothly and gain sufficient advantages". Specifically, this means that Japan "occupies a militarily necessary position", forcing the Korean Empire to fully assist Japan to participate in the Russo-Japanese War. The Korean Empire has lost its independence. As a result, the whole territory of the Korean Empire became a military base and telecommunications institutions were occupied. Large areas along the railway and military land were forcibly requisitioned; Civilian military personnel were forced to enlist. In the early days of the Russo-Japanese War, the subordinate position of the Korean Empire to Japan was confirmed. On May 3 1 day, the Japanese Cabinet deliberated and adopted the Imperial Policy toward the DPRK, demanding that "we should have the real power of protection politically and militarily, and continue to develop our rights economically", and formulated six major programs on military affairs, diplomacy, finance, transportation, communication and colonization. This has also become the basic policy of Korean colonization. On August 22nd, the first Megata- Korea agreement was concluded, and Tanetaro and American D.W.Sterens were appointed as financial advisers and diplomatic advisers respectively. Japanese consultants and participating officers were placed in police, education, law and other departments, and North Korea has since embarked on the road of protecting the country. 1905, 1 1, 188 Japanese employment. On the other hand, Japan needs an organ to ensure that North Korea is subordinate to itself through violent means. On March 10, the original Korean Guard was reorganized into the Korean Guard. At the beginning of the occupation, the garrison troops were directly under the base camp, and the diplomatic envoys and military attaché s of the legation in Korea repeatedly opposed it because of orders. This is a unique dual diplomatic model in modern Japan. Therefore, on August 2 1 day, Japan expanded its garrison and abolished the military attache of the legation. On September 5th, Hasegawa Yoshimichi was promoted to general, and served as commander of An Lushan, with a prominent position and directly subordinate to the emperor. In this way, the commander of the garrison can override the minister and monopolize the ruling authority of North Korea. Before the annexation of the Korean Empire, Hasegawa Yoshimichi had begun to rule Korea by force. At the beginning, the number of troops stationed was about 9,000, and by the end of the war, it had expanded to 28,000. Since then, Japan's military rule over Korea continued until 1945 when Japan was defeated. Before the Korean Empire was annexed, South Korea actually became a Japanese colony. Hasegawa Yoshimichi, Commander of South Korean Garrison, North Koreans' ambivalence towards Japan 4 Before the Russo-Japanese War, North Korea was wary of both Japan and Russia, especially Russia. Because Russia is a country that pursues imperialist policies all over the world, North Korea is well aware of Russian aggression. And ethnic differences also make Russian * * * more popular in North Korea. On the other hand, although North Korea is also wary of Japan, it tends to think that the two countries are of the same language and species, so it has expectations for Japan. For example, Li Yi, a representative nationalist at the end of the Korean Empire, published "On Japanese Hegemony" in Imperial City News (1903 September19). Although he also criticized Japan's domination of Asia and aggression against Korea, he had expectations for Asianism with Japan as an ally. He believes that the law of nations can restrain Japan's aggression against Korea. Needless to say, Ito Bowen, even a close defender of foreign hardliners, was rated as "a man with a conscience" by him. This cognition has not changed since the signing of the Japan-Korea Protocol. The Imperial Capital News criticized the protocol with "deep hatred" and "indignation" and demanded that the protocol be abolished one after another. On the other hand, while keeping a strong vigilance against Russia, North Korean officials and people have extremely complicated ideas about Japan. Bureaucrats think that Japan won better than Russia. In the final analysis, both Japan and Russia had better leave South Korea (H.B. Hulbeart's Death of Korea). ""People inside and outside the government think that Japan is still a human being, while Russia is a beast. When Russia wins, the Japanese will sweep the south, and the Koreans will perish, so everyone prays that the Japanese will win and Russia will be defeated. "(Mei Quan Ye Lu). Kim Yun-sik, who was sent to Jeju Island, was wary of Japan's transformation of Korea into a protectorate, and commented that Japan's war against Russia was the first just war in the world (March 2, the eighth year of Guangwu, continuing the history of Yunxun). At the beginning of the war, the Russian army plundered the property of civilians in northern Korea very seriously. Cossack troops are everywhere, buying food and feed with Russian currency that Koreans have never seen before, and women are forced to flee into the mountains. On the contrary, the Japanese army was relatively disciplined at least at the beginning of the war. Officials of the Korean Empire welcome to pay attention to the most popular literature and history banquets, and the most professional among the popular people are those who are familiar with history and those who are unfamiliar with history.