Why is the chastity of ancient women more important than life?

Let a woman be killed by double suicide? Witch? No matter how cruel they are, they always treat a few women, but the problem of chastity can be said to be a very common sexual oppression of ancient women, a kind of oppression and persecution that kills people without seeing blood. This deformed concept still exists more or less in modern society. In ancient society, women's chastity was often more important than saving their lives. The so-called conservative chastity means that a woman will either never have sex with a man or only have sex with a legal relationship (the only husband), otherwise? Losing your virginity? . ? Losing your virginity? Including premarital sex, extramarital sex, remarriage and being * * * and so on. This situation only applies to women, not to men. What do men do best when they have sex with women other than their wives? Lose virtue? , but no one refers to it? Cheating? The concept of chastity is a statute designed by men for women in ancient society. From this point of view, the concept of chastity from scratch is a great progress in human history, which plays an important historical role in breaking the sexual relationship between group marriage and hybridization, consolidating monogamous families and enabling future generations to reproduce healthily and normally. At the same time, it is a shackle unilaterally imposed on women. Since its formation, the concept of chastity has become increasingly concentrated and intensified, gradually becoming the highest social responsibility of women, and at the same time becoming a very cruel mental oppression and physical abuse of women, which needs to be criticized and denied. This is just like the formation of private ownership and the subsequent oppression and exploitation. Compared with primitive society, it is a great progress in the development of human history, but it will still be criticized and eliminated now and in the future. After the establishment of monogamy, especially under the feudal system, patriarchal individual families based on self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy finally formed. Because such a family is single and closed, it will inevitably highlight the status of male-dominated parents in the family, and women will further become male? Forbidden? And accessories, and shall not let others get their hands on them. At the same time, the establishment of patriarchal clan system makes people pay more attention to the continuation of incense and the inheritance of future generations. In order to ensure that children come from their own blood, the concept of chastity has been further strengthened and even reached an alarming level. For some European countries, the introduction of Christianity has a great influence on the establishment of chastity concept. For example, the ancient Romans and the ancient Greeks took a free and indulgent attitude towards sex and took it for granted. However, the constant infiltration and influence of Christianity has gradually changed social customs and moral concepts. The new Christian doctrine focuses on chastity and abstinence of men and women, which has great influence on all aspects of social life, especially sexual life. In fact, it is not Christianity that advocates and practices chastity. As early as before the birth of Christianity, eastern countries such as Egypt already had the concept of chastity. However, since the fourth century after the death of Christ, after the Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire adopted Christianity as the official religion in the later period, Christianity spread rapidly. With people's awe and worship of the official religion, it will inevitably gain a dominant position in the whole of Europe, including all its doctrines and concepts. However, the requirement of chastity in early Christianity was not as harsh and unreasonable as it was later. In this regard, Augustine had a famous exposition. In 4 10, the invading visigoths captured Rome, raped and burned it wantonly, and many virgins who practiced devoutly in monasteries were savagely attacked by invaders. At that time, many fierce ascetics in the church accused these nuns of losing their virginity, didn't they? An unclean person? , blasphemed god, should regard them as * * * out of the church. Augustine believes that the lust of others cannot make a person lose chastity, because chastity is an internal morality. As long as a * * * person has chastity in her heart, she can't be considered to have lost her chastity because of * * *; On the contrary, if she has no chastity in her heart and regards * * * as a kind of * * *, then even if she is not * * *, she has actually lost her chastity. Augustine's argument certainly has many reasonable elements. However, this is not because he relaxed the requirement of female chastity, but emphasized the overall control of his secular desires with God's respect, faith and will of hope. He emphasized that morality is a person's complete control over himself with his will. If he has morality, he must despise * * * and the pursuit of material life. ? His series of expositions became the theoretical basis of later religious theology. In the final analysis, a woman's chastity is reserved for her husband (or future husband), which can be divided into three aspects: premarital chastity, marital chastity and widowed chastity. 1。 Abstinence and? Circumcision? Women should not be interested in sex appeal, which is the basis of observing chastity. ? Sex is the devil? Therefore, men should also be vigilant about this. The Christian church has always advocated abstinence, believing that the best tools to achieve this goal are whips and sticks. Hermits, monks and nuns often whip each other crazily. They think that only in this way can the devil be driven away from themselves. In some monasteries, once monks and women are found alone and in intimate conversation, they will be punished by fasting for two days or flogging for 200 times. /kloc-Santigregori, a historian in the 0/6th century, wrote in his book "The History of Frank" that two senators in Frank area each had an only son and were engaged to each other. On their wedding day, the young couple were taken to the wedding bed. The bride's face was full of tears, and according to custom, the husband thought it was all natural. He asked her why she was crying as usual, but the bride's answer surprised him. She said that even if she cried all her life, tears would not wash away her sadness, because she was determined to put her there? A little uncontaminated male corpse? Dedicated to Christ, and now, she condemns her broken promise to be an ordinary wife. She did it for herself? Tragic fate? Very sad, crying and saying these words, finally moved the groom greatly and announced: If she wants to quit, I have no objection. ? The bride was so grateful that they fell asleep hand in hand, so that they kept their virginity and enjoyed the wedding bed until their death. This incident was passed down as a much-told story, and Santigregori seemed to be convinced of it and described it vividly in the book. If there are some of the above? Special case? What about women? Circumcision? This is a common phenomenon in many ancient regions and nationalities. Realize? Circumcision? The purpose is to get close to women's * * *, so that men can't? Enter? , thus maintaining women's chastity; Or cut off sensitive parts of women and make them lose their virginity. This practice was widely popular in ancient times, Egypt and East Africa. For example, some tribes in East Africa practice such chastity protection for adolescent girls: cut both sides of them, and then let them lie in a fixed position for a long time until the wounds on both sides heal together and are completely closed, but insert a small tube inside to discharge urine and menstrual blood. I cut a small part when I got married, and I cut it all before I gave birth, but after the delivery, I had surgery and closed most of it. There is another one? Circumcision? It is part of the removal of female sexual organs * * * * (mainly small * * *), thinking that this can make their sexual sensitivity dull. Do women in these places have to be punished when they are eight to twelve or thirteen? Circumcision? . Of the 15 races in East Africa, there are about 9? Circumcision? As for customs, there are many ways to cut them down. Some tribes stick needles in * * *, then pull them up with thread and cut them with a razor. As for * * *, it is stretched hard and cut off from the root with a razor or glass fragments. This woman was forced? Circumcision? Of course, it is as painful as being tortured, and some people even passed out in the process. Did you do it? Circumcision? Then wash the wound with cold water and apply milk. They had to sleep in another isolated hut until the wound healed. Of course, women have to endure such great pain, not because of their own needs, but because of men's need for female chastity. 2。 The virginity examination before marriage and the right of first night prevailed in ancient times, that is, whether the newly married wife is a virgin is examined by her husband or relatives, that is, does her husband have it? Initial right to use? . Since women are used by men, they should be? New goods? , such as the department? Second hand? Even if others only use it once, it will be greatly? Price drop? Yes At the same time, it's not just about things, right? Value? The problem also involves that if a woman is unfaithful before marriage, she will be unreliable after marriage; Since you have had sex with others before marriage, what is the first child born after marriage? Asshole? . In the process of the transition from group marriage to individual marriage, some tribes have? Kill the first son? The trend is because the remnants of group marriage and hybridization still exist at that time, and women's premarital sex is common, but the individual marriage system and the inheritance of private property require that children must come from male descent. So in order to prevent the wife from giving birth to the first child after marriage? Asshole? Killing children indiscriminately. In ancient times, there were many ways to check virginity and identify virgins before marriage, many of which were absurd and unscientific. For example, the groom in Cigna, Hungary, wants the bride to step barefoot on a small round board made of bodhi trees on their wedding night. There are pictures on both sides of this round plate: the outer ring of one side is painted with a lock, indicating that the wife is locked by her husband; The two cross towers indicate misfortune, the circle in the middle symbolizes * * *, the snake below symbolizes the seducer, and the bottom tower indicates that the husband is monitoring his wife's chastity on the tower. The flowers on the other side symbolize love, and the two sticks below symbolize the punishment for those who forget love and ingratitude. They think that when a girl who has lost her virginity sets foot on this board, there will be disaster immediately. Cigna also has some people. On their wedding night, the groom put boxwood branches on the heads of three peeled magpies and hid them under the bride's pillow, thinking that if his wife is pure, she can sleep peacefully, otherwise she will confess the past infidelity in nonsense. What is the method of virginity test in the Bible? Let a woman with unkempt hair stand before God? She has barley flour and other things in her hand? Vegetarian forced mold ash courtyard to recognize the bridle and eyes of the eldest father, cherish and cherish the purpose of thinking about waves, and swear to be bad and thin. It's only a matter of time. Sorry to hang up! Close the door, rob Meng, get pregnant. /p > At the engagement ceremony, Mexico's fiancee will sit in a new chair to show chastity and innocence. After the chastity confession ceremony, they will really get married soon. On the wedding night, the groom is actually testing the bride's chastity. If she is proved to be chaste, the marriage will finally be reached. What if she is found? Not chaste? The marriage fell through. If a woman is not considered a virgin when she first gets married, the final result is often very tragic. Old Testament? Deuteronomy says:? If a newly married woman is not a virgin, she should be stoned to death. ? Old Testament? Leviticus also stipulates:? The daughter of any priest who commits adultery should be burned to death. ? In some parts of Afghanistan, it has become popular? Falling red? Bye, if we haven't met for the first time? Falling red? That is, a woman who is regarded as unfaithful, the groom can divorce her and even put her to death. The woman's family must not have any objection, but also send the bride's sister instead. If you don't have a sister to replace you, you have to compensate a large amount of property as an apology. In the Ulatan tribe in Kerala, southern India, if it is proved that the bride is not a virgin, she will be locked in a disgusting toilet for one night, and the bride will often faint in the cesspool. It is said that this is the punishment she deserves. Since women have become vassals, playthings and private property of men, since? Virginity is so precious that some rich and powerful men just want to have their wives. Virgin's treasure? , and want to account for more? Virgin's treasure? . Some people are keen to pay several times the price for prostitutes. For these prostitutes? *** ? , is the reflection of this kind of psychology. The long-standing popularity of the first night right in ancient times is also closely related to this. The issue of first night's right is complicated and needs specific analysis. There is an ancient custom that the first night of the bride's first marriage must be enjoyed by men other than the groom, and the virgin body must be possessed by other men? Broken melon? . The definition of the first night's right given by Japanese scholar Yoshihito Akihisa, who once wrote the book "The First Night's Right", is: When getting married, it is customary for one or more men to sleep with the bride before the groom. It also includes the habit that women who have reached or will reach the mastery period are tried by specific people before marriage. ? It's a pity that the bride's first night was broken by a man other than the groom. It is a typical oppression, possession and playing with women, which any modern person can't stand. But this kind of thing has been popular in many parts of the world for a long time; Looking up the historical archives of Europe, several countries still did not eliminate this heritage until the18th century, and some Russian landlords still exercised their first night rights until the end of19th. Until now, this phenomenon still exists in a few uncivilized tribes in the world. In the Middle Ages in Europe, enjoying the bride's first night became the right of the rulers, and it became a means to possess all serfs and play with women. First night? The nature of has completely changed. For feudal lords, girls among serfs were equal to free prostitutes and unspecified concubines. France? First night? What's your name? Open your thighs, right? This custom has remained for centuries. In the kingdom ruled by Charlemagne in Germany, all the girls among serfs lived in the front hall of the Lord, leaving them alone? Broken melon? . In the announcement issued by 1538, the parliament of zurich state said:? Is everyone here? The Lord has the right to spend the night with the bride who is about to get married by the farmers (tenants and serfs) in the territory, and the groom is also obliged to provide the bride to the Lord. If not, the groom will pay the master 4. Compensation is about 3 marks. ? In Bonn, Germany, how much is the bride's compensation to the Lord? Can fit the hips? So is the cauldron? As heavy as the hips? Cheese, and the groom must pay the master a high-grade coat or blanket. This compensation is called. Marriage tax? Put this in Germany? First night? What's the compensation called? Kong Shouqian? 、? New bed money? 、? Extremely printed gold? 、? Female gold? 、? Umbilical generation? . If you don't do the above? Obligation? Marriage is not recognized by the notary, nor by the master. This is really a very ugly page in human history. In addition, the transfer of some first night rights also has the nature of interest exchange. There is a book called "Black Sex", which records:? African tribes living near the equator have the custom of publicly auctioning girls' first night rights. When their girls come of age, their first night rights will be sold to buyers. The girl, wrapped in clothes, was carried around the tribe and knelt under the umbrella of the tribal square. Onlookers can spend the night with girls at a reasonable price. ? In this way, the price of selling the first night right becomes the dowry of the girl. In addition, in order to avoid the invasion of neighboring tribes, the tribes in southern Sudan gave the girl's first night rights to the elders of neighboring tribes. 3。 Lock a woman's heart and body. What did China call it in ancient times? Do men and women give and receive? ,? Men and women don't sit together, don't use cangue, don't use towels, and don't teach each other? Speaking of it, this is also the practice of many ancient countries to stop women, right? Losing your virginity? It is also a common phenomenon. For example, in ancient Persia, girls can't see any men after they are seven years old; You can only stay at your husband's house after marriage? Back room? No man is allowed to see it in the room except her husband. When a wife has to go out, she should cover her whole body with clothes and cover her face with four layers of gauze. If you are a lady, you must sit in a sealed car. The more tightly a husband imprisons his wife, the more respected he is, because it is a noble performance of caring for his wife's chastity and helping her keep it. Known as enlightened ancient Greece, in the city-state era, the status of women was still almost the same as that of slaves. It is a wife's bounden duty to strictly observe chastity and be absolutely loyal to her husband. In order to keep chastity, you can only be locked in the back room, you can't go with other people, and you can't participate in receiving your husband's guests, otherwise you will be regarded as a prostitute. Ancient Greek thinkers also warned: whether a virgin or a married woman, even in the boudoir, she should be careful everywhere. If a man peeks out of the window, she should feel infinite shame, retreat immediately, reflect wholeheartedly and wash her face with clean water. In ancient Mexico, when people got married in Scala, Dantras, both men and women shaved their heads to celebrate? From now on, will you give up any activities that young people engage in? . In ancient India, male doctors were also strictly restricted to treat female patients. Women must wear masks, and doctors are not allowed to contact women directly, especially when they go to the palace to see female patients. They must cover the heads of all doctors, and concubines in the palace are never allowed to see male doctors. When treating a disease, the doctor must stand outside the curtain and diagnose the condition through a stethoscope connected outside the curtain. A maid puts one end of the stethoscope on the queen's chest and other parts, which is a bit like a bridge between Chinese medicine. Of course, it is difficult to see a doctor like this. There may be nothing more cruel and absurd than a chastity belt to imprison and lock up women. Is this an extremely brutal abuse of women in medieval Europe? Invention? Its purpose is also to force women to keep chastity for men. The so-called chastity belt is mainly made of two pieces of iron with holes for defecation and a shackle-like thing locked in a woman's lower body. When the husband has the key, only by unfastening and taking off the chastity belt can he * * *. So the husband can treat his wife when he goes out? Rest assured? Yes There is a passage in rabelais's "The Story of patrice": When I leave home, I will definitely let my wife wear a bergamot lock, so as not to give the pervert an opportunity. ? This? Bergamot lock? This is a chastity belt. Can you still scream? Venice belt? 、? Florence belt? 、? Italian belt? 、? Vienna belt? Wait a minute. Researchers speculate that chastity belt appeared in Europe after12nd century and continued to be used until 17? 18th century, that is to say, this logistics line in the dark middle ages of Europe. There are different opinions about the origin of this thing. Some people say that it was brought back from the harem of * * * when the Crusaders invaded it; Some people say that it has been invented by Venetian and Bergamo businessmen for a long time to prevent their wives from being unfaithful. This chastity belt forces women to be husbands? Chastity? Is it effective? Many medieval novels and poems describe the story of this chastity belt. Many aristocratic women used money to buy locksmiths and configure their own keys. When their husbands are not around, they can always unlock the lock with their lovers. In a copper coin, there is a woman and a man wearing a chastity belt. The woman held out her hand to a man with one hand and a wallet with the other. The man is holding a key, probably a locksmith, and a maid is rummaging through clothes. There are four poems next to this picture, the general idea is: No lock can lock a cunning woman, and there is no loyalty of a woman without love; For this reason, I used your money to buy a key that I didn't have. ? There is also a picture of France, which describes a man going on a trip and putting a chastity belt on his wife. In a corner of this photo, a man is hiding behind a tent with a key; In another corner, a fool covered a basket of lice with a piece of cloth, suggesting that the man's behavior is the same as that of the fool who can't keep lice away. For a while,? Give up the key? It has always been one of the themes of European satire and caricature.