Summary of knowledge points of self-taught foreign literature history in 223?

It is a difficult subject for many students to study the history of foreign literature by themselves, because they have little contact with foreign literature and can't find the focus of review. Here are some important knowledge points about the history of foreign literature for your reference.

Key points of the self-taught examination of the history of foreign literature 1. Ancient Greece and Rome were the birthplace of European culture. Engels said: "Without the foundation laid by Greek culture and Roman Empire, there would be no modern Europe."

2. Ancient Greece is located in the northeast of the Mediterranean, including the end of the Balkan Peninsula (that is, the Greek Peninsula), hundreds of islands in the Aegean Sea and the western coast of Asia Minor. Before the 12th century BC, slave countries had appeared in Crete in the Mediterranean and Mycenae in the Greek peninsula, with a fairly developed culture, which was called "Crete-Mycenae Culture" in history. (geographical location, characteristics, and culture)

3. The earliest literary works in ancient Greece are two epics-The Ilion and The Ode. According to legend, these two works were written by the poet Homer, so they are also called "Homer Epics". The core of Homer's problem is the author and formation of epic. At the end of 18th century and the beginning of 19th century, German scholars Wolff and Rahman put forward the theory of short songs, while other German scholars, represented by Nicky, insisted on the theory of unity, and Herman put forward the theory of basic core.

The Ilion is about the Trojan War. Greek coach Agamemnon, the main general Achilles. Hecktor, the commander of Troya.

The hero of Odysseus is Odysseus, the planner of Mumaji. The epic tells the story of his wandering at sea on his way back from Troya. His wife, penelope, and his son, Tremako.

4. The origin of ancient Greek drama: it developed from the festival of Dionysus. Dionysus is the god of wine, and is also regarded as the god of nature by the Greeks.

5. The artistic form of Greek tragedy: the composition of drama and the lyrical composition of chorus are always two indispensable parts of tragedy.

6. The main tragic writers in ancient Greece: Aeschylus, Sophocles and euripides, which are known as the three major tragic poets in history.

7. aristophanes was called "the father of comedy" by Engels. Works such as Cloud, Frog and Ahanai Man.

8. Church rule and church literature: The basic characteristics of European feudal society in ideology are: Christianity occupies an absolute dominant position in culture, education, philosophy, literature and art and even the whole spiritual field; Christianity became the pillar of European feudalism. In 145, the East and West factions of Christianity split, and the West faction was called Catholicism. The main weapon of the church's ideological rule is the Bible. The Bible is divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament (the New Testament is the most important in western church literature and the Old Testament is the most important in the East).

9. People's heroic epics: The main achievements of people's literature in the early Middle Ages were heroic epics of people of all ethnic groups, such as Song of Hildebrandt by Germans, Beowulf by Anglo-Saxons, Eda and Sakya by Icelandic people. "Eda" has completely preserved the oldest myths, legends and heroic epics of the Nordic people. It is the only remaining pagan work in European literature, and it records Nordic myths in the form of poetry. "Sakya" is a prose narrative literature.

1. Heroic epics and folk ballads: Epics such as French Song of Roland, Spanish poema de mio cid, German Song of Nibelungen and Russian Expedition of Igor are the four historical records. Among them, Song of Roland is the most famous. "Robin Hood Ballad" is a group of works that sing Robin Hood.

12. The story of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table is a common theme in knight narrative poems. Among them, the most famous knights are Lancelot, Grice, Gelander and the protector of the Holy Grail, Cheryl, etc. The most famous writer who describes arthurian legend is the French poet Chretien de Terroa. His famous work Lancelot.

13. Urban literature: The main forms of urban literature are verse stories, satirical narrative poems and fable poems. Rhyme story (also known as "joke") is a short and pithy poetic story. The work "The Donkey's Will". The representative work of satirical narrative poetry is The Legend of Lena Fox in France. Another representative work of civic literature is The Legend of the Rose in France. France's Rutebov and Weiyong are famous citizen poets.

14. Engels commented on Dante, "He was the last poet in the Middle Ages and the first poet in the new era."

15. Dante was born in a small aristocratic family in Florence. "Freshman" wrote Bei Ya Trizzi, * * * thirty-one, and connected them together with beautiful prose. The poetry in "New Life" belongs to the "gentle new style" poetry school.

16. Dante's academic works "Eating" and "On Common Saying" (both of which have not been finished). On common sayings is not only a linguistic work, but also an aesthetic work.

17. The Italian meaning of Divine Comedy is "sacred comedy". Dante only named his works Comedy and Divine Comedy, with a total length of 14,233 lines, which are divided into three parts: Hell, Purgatory and Paradise. Dante followed Virgil, first to hell and purgatory. Under Virgil's leadership, thousands of people went to the paradise layer by layer. Then Virgil suddenly disappeared, auspicious clouds appeared in the sky, and Bei Ya Trizzi appeared in Yue Xian's voice. The saint took him to heaven. (two guides)

18. Italian humanism has emerged in Dante's works. By the second half of the 14th century, two pioneers of humanistic movement, Petrarch and Boccaccio, appeared in Dante's hometown of Florence.

19. Italian Francesco Petrarca is regarded by historians as the first humanist. His collection of poems, Songs, started a generation of poetic style. Petrarch uses a lot of sonnets.

2. decameron, a collection of Italian short stories by giovanni boccaccio. The frame structure of decameron is the result of studying Arabian Tale Collection Arabian Nights. The important theme of the story is anti-church, exposing the corruption and hypocrisy of the Catholic church and monks. Oppose asceticism and feudal prejudice through love themes. The novel is written in Italian.

21. The image of Don Quixote in the history of foreign literature: the image of a humanist suffering from "ranger paranoia". Don Quixote is a complex image with both tragic and comic factors:

(1) Don Quixote is a humanist image.

(2) There are many comic characters in him.

(3) People full of tragic spirit.

(4) The direct disseminator of humanism.

22. Self-study Sancho in the history of foreign literature? The image of Pan Sha

(1) Sancho Panza is a typical example of a simple working peasant in Spain during the Renaissance.

(2) On the one hand, he has the wit, kindness and optimism of the working people, and he showed amazing intelligence during his tenure as "Island Governor".

(3) On the other hand, he has the weakness of short-sightedness, narrow selfishness and covetousness for small profits under the feudal system. He became a knight's attendant in order to get rid of poverty and get enough food and clothing.

(4) The image of Sancho Panza reflects the plight of farmers and the democratic requirements of changing reality.

Why is young werther the first influential German work?

1 Werther in Goethe's novella young werther is a typical image of a progressive German youth in the 18th century. His character was forged by society. He resisted the ugliness of German reality with aloof pride, but he always resisted in a non-cooperative and evasive way, which seemed powerless. Therefore, his tragedy is the tragedy of the times.

2 infected young people in different times all over the world. Not only did they imitate Victor wearing blue trousers, but they even committed suicide like him.

During his stay in Italy, he created and conceived three classical tragedies:

Egmont, Doris of Iphigenia and Tasso.

in his later years: William. Meister (the first educational novel in Germany) shows the process of William's moral perfection through the account of his development from childhood to old age.

Faust: based on the folklore about Dr. Faust in the 16th century. Written in the form of poetic drama, Dr. Faust's life of exploring the essence of life is written with the development of his thoughts as a clue.

Basic plot: one overture (the official beginning of the plot), two gambling games, lifelong pursuit and five tragedies.

Five tragedies:

The pursuit of knowledge and the tragedy of knowledge deny the pursuit divorced from reality.

the pursuit of the senses and the tragedy of love: denying the love that is only infatuated with lust (Margaret).

the pursuit of power and the tragedy of politics: denying the road of compromise with the dynasty (Helen).

the pursuit of beauty and the tragedy of seeking beauty: denying the ideal of transforming the world with classical beauty (Wagner, O Fuliang)

The pursuit of career and the tragedy of career: affirming creation and labor, asking people to "explore life and freedom every day, and then enjoy freedom and life."

Analyze the image of Faust and its significance.

Faust in Goethe's poetic drama Faust is a symbolic image of bourgeois advanced elements in the rising period.

1 Faust is the representative of a positive enterprising spirit, and the image of a self-improvement and persistent explorer. The author put him through all kinds of temptations and tests. Bet with Mephistopher and inspire him to explore again; The tragedy of passionate love made him stop pursuing sensory enjoyment; The tragedy of politics made him escape from reality; The disillusionment of classical ideals made him return to reality to find ways to realize his ideals. He is never satisfied, never shows weakness, never stops exploring, and always strives for goodness. These constitute the most distinctive features of his character.

2 has distinct duality in human body: on the one hand, driven by life instinct and lust, he is often addicted to real desires such as fame and fortune, status, power, women and beauty; On the other hand, he was not confused by these, and constantly surpassed himself and moved towards a new life. On the one hand, they pursue truth and create career, on the other hand, they are infatuated with their children's affair. On the one hand, he is the pursuer of an ideal society, on the other hand, he is the supporter of kingship. This contradiction between "spirit and flesh" and "good and evil". It embodies Goethe's materialist dialectics and shows the complexity and authenticity of human beings. It also reflects the arduousness of human pursuit of truth.

significance: it points out the way of spiritual purification, the meaning of life and the life ideal that people should pursue, and leads people to the lofty ideal and the great road of unremitting struggle.

analyze the artistic features of Faust.

Faust, written by Goethe, has its unique artistic style:

1 The poetic drama is based on fantasy, which combines realism and fantasy (heaven and earth, realistic ancient times, human devil). Make Faust an ode to bourgeois ideals and a profound summary of German real life.

2 in characterization: dialectical method. The unity of opposites between Faust's spirit and flesh, and Mephistopher's evil deeds and good deeds promoted the development of the whole plot and showed their respective personality characteristics. Depicting group images with contradictory contrast. Heaven emperor and devil are the contrast between reason and lust; Faust and Mephistopheles are the contrast between human beings and demons. Faust and Margaret are the contrast between intellectuals and nature. Comparison makes their personality characteristics more distinct.

3 diversified forms. The poetic drama begins with a free rhyme style, and Margaret is written in a folk song style; Helen is written in the poetic style of ancient Greek tragedy. Narration, lyricism and discussion are integrated. Symbols and metaphors are widely used in poetic dramas. For example, the artificial man, Helen and the witch's kitchen are all symbols, while metaphors are often used to criticize the church.

Goethe's poetic drama Faust is a work with rich ideological content.

1 The main ideological value is to publicize the enterprising spirit of self-improvement through Faust's life experience; Propagandize the enlightenment thought of getting rid of the ignorance of the Middle Ages, overcoming the internal and external contradictions of human beings and creating the ideal kingdom of the bourgeoisie.

2 Poetic drama affirms creation and labor, and requires people to "explore life and freedom every day before they can enjoy freedom and life".

3 Poetic drama expresses the author's profound life experience-life is pursuit, and the process of pursuit is cyclical. It is in this great cycle of constant pursuit and disillusionment that the world and mankind are in contradictory movement, development and progress.

4 Poetic drama also expresses a modern significance, that is, people are always in conflict with the outside world, and failure and disaster are inevitable, but the protagonist determines his own nature with his own actions, thus laying the foundation of modern personality.

If you have any questions about taking the exam, don't know how to test the content, and don't know the local policy of taking the exam, click on the bottom to consult the exam hunting website and get the personal education promotion plan for free: /xl/