Kinmen Island, which belongs to Taiwan Province Province, is the pain of the War of Liberation.

Kinmen Island is controlled by Taiwan Province provincial authorities, with an area of 15 1.65 square kilometers and a population of about 105400. The shortest distance to Xiamen is about 10 km, so why does Kinmen belong to Taiwan Province Province?

Back in April 1949, the PLA launched a river-crossing operation to cross the Yangtze River. In a short time, the southern regions were recovered one by one. 1949 10 June 17, Xiamen was liberated. Looking around, Kinmen Island has appeared in front of the PLA.

However, no one expected that the small Golden Gate Island would become the biggest obstacle for the People's Liberation Army to fully recover the south. What's more, today, when the Battle of Golden Gate Island was defeated, the problem of Taiwan Province Province still hung in the hearts of China people and became a permanent pain.

Located in the sea east of Xiamen, Dajinmen Island is dumbbell-shaped, with a length of 16 km from east to west and a width of 13 km from north to south. The waist of the island is only 3 kilometers wide and covers an area of 124 square kilometers. The eastern mountains are steep and steep, and there are many reefs, so it is not easy to climb and land; The west is relatively flat, and the north shore is mudflat, which is an ideal place to land. There are several small islands near Dajinmen Island, such as Xiaojinmen, Dadan and Erdan.

In fact, before the Battle of Xiamen started, the Tenth Corps had envisaged capturing Xiamen and Kinmen at the same time, but this plan did not take place because the registered ships could not raise funds in a short time. In the end, the strategy determined by the Tenth Corps was "summer first, then gold", that is, Xiamen was taken first, and then Jinmen was attacked.

The Tenth Corps judged that Tang, who was stationed in Xiamen, did not have the determination to stick to Xiamen or Kinmen, and the Tenth Corps was sure to win it in one fell swoop. Indeed, in the battle against Xiamen, Tang did not fight back in self-defense, but gradually retreated to Kinmen.

In this case, the 10th Corps organized an attack on the Battle of Kinmen. The 10 Corps has three armies: the 28th Army, 29 army Army and the 3rd1Army. Based on the 28th Army Command, the operational command was established, which was composed of Xiao Feng, deputy commander, and Li Mancun, director of the political department.

The attacking troops were composed of 28 armies, one in 29 army, one in 365 and 438+0 armies, and attacked Xiaojinmen. Later, due to the shortage of ships, it was changed to 28 armies, each of which attacked the big Jinmen first from 29 army and then the small Jinmen.

10/8, officially issued an order, 4 regiments of the 28th Army, 2 regiments of 29 army and 6 regiments of * * * planned to attack and cooperate. The fighting time is scheduled for1October 20th, and it is expected to end in three days.

Let's take a look at this battle plan first. The battle command was held by the 28 th Army Command, but Zhu, the commander of the 28 th Army at that time, stayed in Fuzhou for treatment due to illness; One of the 28 th Army was ordered to suppress bandits, one was stationed in Fuzhou, and the other continued to fight south, so Chen Meizao, political commissar of the 28 th Army, stayed in Fuzhou to facilitate overall work; The position of Chief of Staff of the 28th Army is temporarily vacant.

The entire front-line command was hastily established under such circumstances. Let's look at the troops participating in the war. They come from different units of the four divisions and six regiments of the two armies, which is quite a bit of a improvisation. Even in good land operations, this configuration is a bit messy, not to mention unfamiliar landing operations.

This battle plan simply regards the Kuomintang's garrison as nothing, and can only be described as "sloppy". But at this time, the PLA was smooth sailing, did not feel the danger coming, and then entered the implementation stage.

The first problem is the financing of ships. At this time, Xiamen has just been liberated, and the people are not very familiar with the People's Liberation Army. The first thing to do when landing on the island is to need a boat. As soon as the boatmen heard that they were going to commandeer ships, some even abandoned them and fled, resulting in "looking for ships but not seeing people."

Xiao Feng, the deputy commander, reported the situation of the ship to the 10th Corps with anxiety, but the Corps Command was "noncommittal". In this way, the attack time was delayed by the ship. Until the morning of 24th, before the last battle meeting, the troops on the island prepared 300 ships and three days' food and ammunition. Only 600 ships are needed to transport the attacking troops of the 28th Army.

The second problem is intelligence gathering. The intelligence gathering work on land at ordinary times is completely ineffective at this time. For Kinmen Island across the sea, the intelligence department can't collect first-hand information, but only rely on the results of fighting in other areas or indirect intelligence judgment, which leads to serious deviation in the prediction of the enemy situation in Kinmen Island.

Originally, it was expected that Jinmen had only two divisions of defenders, and its combat effectiveness was not strong. But in fact, when the 28th Army went into battle, there were already three armies and more than six divisions on Kinmen Island, and on the afternoon of the 24th of the attack, I wonder if it was a coincidence that the reinforcements of the landing Kuomintang army also held anti-landing combat drills along the coast.

The exercise site is exactly where the first echelon will land in the operational plan of the 28 th Army. Such mistakes in the situation work of the Tenth Corps are undoubtedly a disaster for the combat troops.

Although Xiao Feng, deputy commander of the 28th Army, expressed concern several times, it did not attract the attention of the No.1 10 Army Command and commander Ye Fei. In this way, the attacking troops and nearly 300 wooden boats carrying 8,000 officers and men of the first echelon rushed into the turbulent darkness at 2 1 30 on the 24th.

It was originally planned that the troops would meet at sea and then land on the island collectively. However, due to the turn of the sea breeze, the troops lacked corresponding means of communication, and the troops could not cooperate. They could only land on the island according to their experience. The outline of the Great Golden Gate gradually became clear, and the artillery fire of the defenders on the island was also intercepted crazily. The unsinkable ships gradually hit the beach, and attack force headed for the island. but

Their positions are scattered and they are fighting for each other. In this way, they gradually occupied several beaches from east to west. In the next few hours, a fire broke out in Kinmen Island, and the 28th Army Command waited nervously for the communication of the attacking troops to resume. At the same time, according to the battle plan, the attacking troops gradually advanced in depth.

Finally, at dawn, communication was restored. The 28th Army Command was informed of the landing on the island. Except for the loss of a regiment, other follow-up troops are organizing a surprise attack on kinmen county. Knowing the situation, the headquarters felt relaxed and immediately organized the second echelon to land on the island.

However, from this time on, bad news kept coming. First, the commander of the 82nd Division, as the chief commander of landing on the island, did not land on the island with the first echelon. In other words, the troops on the island did not have a unified battlefield command. It turned out that when we set out, the vanguard troops even "borrowed" the teachers' boat from the 82nd Division in order to compete for the boat, and the teachers actually agreed, which was simply "incredible".

Secondly, the ships that landed on the island could not return. After the first echelon originally planned to land on the island, the ship returned to transport the second echelon. However, due to the shelling of the garrison at night, the ships on the island are as close to the beach as possible. After landing on the island, the sea ebbed and all the ships ran aground. In other words, reinforcements can't arrive in a short time.

On the morning of 25th, the sky was clear in Wan Li. With binoculars, you could see that the tanks on the beach were already galloping home, and fighter planes in the sky swooped and bombed from time to time. At this point, the front command has no better way to meet them. In addition to coordinating the army headquarters to help find a ship, the second gradient also took active actions to find a ship to cross the sea as soon as possible.

At this time, 25 1 regiment, 253 regiment and 244 regiment landed on the island. According to the prisoners, Hu Lian Corps has landed on the island, and Li Yannian Corps in Taiwan Province Province is also reinforcing Jinmen. Summarizing the report analysis of the troops on the island, it is basically confirmed that there are more Kuomintang defenders on the island than expected.

In the afternoon, under the plan of tanks and defenders on the island, the troops on the island suffered heavy casualties. 25 1 the deputy head of the regiment was injured; 253 has been unable to attack and retreat to wait for reinforcements; The communication of the 244th regiment was interrupted, and nothing was known. Until dusk, the third regiment finally retreated to Guningtou, waiting for the second echelon. Due to the shortage of ships, the second echelon only reinforced four companies, and there will be no more reinforcements.

On the 26th, on Kinmen Island, Hu Lian, commander of the 12th Corps of Kuomintang Army, personally went to the front line to command and surrounded the People's Liberation Army on the island on a beach less than two square kilometers. There was fire everywhere and the landing troops were besieged. Until the 28th, only sporadic gunfire was left on Kinmen Island, and the landing troops were killed or injured, and the last part had no choice but to surrender.

In the Battle of Kinmen Island, 6000 officers and men of our army were killed and about 3000 were captured. After the war, Xiao Feng, deputy commander of the 28th Army, Ye Fei, commander of the 1st 10 Corps, Chen Yi, commander of the 3rd Field Army, and Su Yu, deputy commander, all took the initiative to bear the responsibility of battle failure. In his concluding telegram, the chairman said, "This war is the biggest loss since the War of Liberation." .

Chiang Kai-shek said after learning of Hu Lian's operational report that Taiwan Province Province was safe. It must be said that in the successful battle after crossing the river, the Tenth Corps was too aggressive to rival in love, and important aspects such as pre-war preparation and military intelligence turned a blind eye to serious problems.

It is true that there are elements of luck and various accidental factors in the war, but it is extremely rare to show self-confidence and optimism in the face of a strange landing on the island in the whole history of the war of liberation.

But at that time, no one could have predicted that the small Golden Gate Campaign would have such a huge impact on modern times. The Kuomintang gained a firm foothold in Taiwan Province Province because of its "great victory in Guningtou" (the Battle of Kinmen was a great victory for the Kuomintang, and the final decisive battle was held in Guningtou Beach).

After the Battle of Kinmen, the PLA actively prepared for cross-sea operations, contacted the Soviet Air Force for assistance, and conducted simulation exercises. However, due to the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, the military action to liberate Taiwan Province Province ran aground. The Chinese Democratic Party actively helped the US military in the Korean War.

1954 In September, Chiang Kai-shek and the United States signed the Treaty of Common Defence, which consolidated the security of the Kuomintang in Taiwan Province Province, and the People's Liberation Army shelled Kinmen. 1956 Khrushchev attacked Stalin in the Soviet Union, and Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated. Chiang Kai-shek thought it was time to restore the country.

Advocating a counterattack against the mainland, then the Kuomintang and the Communist Party conducted an all-round confrontation in Kinmen, which lasted for more than 40 days. 1June 960,1June 7,1June 9, because then American president Eisenhower visited Taiwan Province province, Kinmen was shelled again. From 1958 to 1979 New Year's Day, the shelling of Kinmen was intermittent. Finally, Xu, then Minister of National Defense, announced the end of the shelling of Kinmen.

In order to contain the Kuomintang, it is beneficial for us to keep Kinmen under the Kuomintang. The distance between Jinmen and Xiamen is close, and the distance between Jinmen and Taiwan Province Province is far. No matter its military or other influence, it can be directly related to the authorities of Taiwan Province Province. If the Golden Gate is recovered, Taiwan Province Province will fight alone overseas and may lose it forever. Besides Kinmen Island, Matsu Islands also belong to Taiwan Province Province.