Notes on language analysis

When we were young, parents and teachers told us to ask if we didn't understand, but the fact is that parents and teachers are unable to answer any questions of children. Especially in China, on the one hand, parents' educational level is limited, on the other hand, the level of junior teachers is not very high. Therefore, when they encounter many problems with their children, teachers and parents often feel at a loss, and then in order to maintain their dignity as elders, parents and teachers often choose to shirk or scold. For example, when a child sees other children being praised, he asks the teacher or father:

What are they doing?

They were praised.

What is a compliment?

Is to give you candy after you do something good.

What is a good thing?

If children keep asking what is "good" and what is "thing", parents or teachers will be forced into a particularly difficult position. On the one hand, they don't want their children to feel ignorant, on the other hand, they don't have enough knowledge to explain this abstract concept-"good". Therefore, parents will put on an angry attitude and say, "Why do children ask so many questions? Good things are good things, and there is not so much truth. " This language completely forgets what it teaches children, and asks rules if it doesn't understand. And things like "sex" and "death" are not to mention the answer. Of course, the concept of "goodness" or "goodness" has always been controversial in ethics. This just shows that over time, children's curiosity is not satisfied, and naturally they lose the ability to ask questions. Children will gradually get used to facing a concept, not considering the pursuit, just accepting it. It may be that on the one hand, children may feel that they cannot get a clear answer. In fact, some things can be found outside teachers and parents. On the other hand, asking such an "obvious" but actually profound question will arouse the ridicule of peers. The above is just my experience. It is inevitable that narrative subjects with children tend to judge others by themselves, but in my opinion, many people's experiences seem to be like this.

Simple language analysis, in the eyes of children, is to keep asking questions until the person being asked can give a clear explanation. My ability to ask questions was improved when I was in philosophy in senior three. At that time, my mind could never accept difficult philosophical propositions. I began to ask teachers what is consciousness, what is objectivity, what is subjectivity, what is society, what is existence, what is thinking, and truth, materialism, idealism, metaphysics, dialectics and so on. These things that seem to be on my lips all the time are really difficult to explain in language, and my philosophical understanding didn't reach a higher level until the teacher explained them to me repeatedly from abstract to concrete and then from concrete to abstract. At least I will read the familiar or unfamiliar philosophical propositions again, and I will use my understanding of individual concepts to help me understand the whole proposition. Understand the words first, and then understand the subject, predicate and object of a sentence. This is a good method. In the following time, whenever I encounter a difficult concept, whether it is psychology, sociology or philosophy, I will first understand the meaning of every word in this concept, such as Murphy's theorem in psychology, subconscious, motivation and social order, organization, functionalism and stratification in sociology, and then I will quickly understand their views. Of course, in this process, I also found that many things do not have a relatively clear definition, and many things are defined to explain the definition, especially after I read the article "Seven Years of Viola" by Jing M. Guo, and after careful thinking, I found that the article was empty and useless. It's not stereotyped writing, but it's enough to be an empty leader. Linguistic analysis of Dai Xiao's works is nothing more than using various difficult sentences to describe loneliness, inferiority, melancholy, cowardice, love, times, system and so on in the eyes of teenagers. But judging from the sales of such books, it is obvious that they make the best use of the hearts of young people. If everyone knows how to analyze the meaning of language, then it is definitely not the case. Reading, analyzing language and judging the quality of written works are one aspect of language analysis in life.

Of course, language analysis is not that simple. Since it is a science, a learning experience will never be its theory, and its power will never be reflected in simple learning. More importantly, it is applied to all aspects of philosophy, life and academics. Reading is to understand, reading is to know righteousness, and reading is to gain strength.

"If we deal with a problem according to the general habit of thinking every day, our approach is often just to seek the answer to the question directly, and rarely to reflect on its meaning. But when we adopt the method of language analysis to deal with this problem, we must first make clear the meaning of the problem. If the analysis results show that the problem under consideration is meaningful, we will further explore its significance. If the analysis results show that the problem itself is meaningless, our approach is not to solve it, but to resolve it. " This is the first knowledge I learned. I remember when I was a child, I often asked my mother some questions, and many people thought it was difficult to answer them. For example, why am I called Uncle XXX? Mom will answer that because he is my brother, I will continue to ask why I call you brother's uncle. Mom was speechless. After I went to college, my first thing was to solve the problem from childhood to adulthood. Many of them did bring me fun, but there were also many questions that brought me to the abyss of chaos, such as why people are alive? Why is Heaven called Heaven instead of anything else? Will the dead reach another place? Do ghosts really exist? Why are you afraid of snakes instead of lions or wolves? Now it seems that these questions are meaningless in themselves. I still don't understand why I live, but I still have to live. I still don't understand whether I will reach another time and space after my death, but I still have to face the old back. I still don't understand why I'm afraid of snakes, but I still tremble when I see them. There is no need to waste energy thinking about the original problems in life, because they have no reason to exist. Enough is enough. Maybe it's a relief.

Word trick is that the expression of words uses some characteristics of words and some restrictions of recipients to add subjective meaning or language expression to words. Of course, the word trick here mainly refers to philosophical language and debate, but there are also many such tricks in life. Many idioms in Chinese are misused by people, and some even appear in official documents. For example, one of the daily reading contents provided by Baidu browser is "commercial value". In March 13, the commercial value column provided a business information report, which mainly talked about the development of Starbucks in China, and there was a saying ". . . . . . . And it is planned to reach 1500 branches in 20 15 years. To achieve this goal, strengthening the management of Starbucks coffee supply chain has become the primary issue. "This is a kind of writing out of thin air. The phenomenon of "empty schools" is widespread in China's politics and law. For example, the "General Secretary" published in Yangzi Evening News 20 13-03-09 earnestly warned leading cadres at all levels to improve their self-realm, strengthen their ideals and beliefs and maintain noble sentiments. He said that there are too many temptations and traps around power in today's society. In the face of numerous material interests, the friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and the communication between "officials" and "businessmen" should be just and respectful, rather than overlapping and ignoring each other, and distinguishing between public and private. Civil servants and leading cadres should keep the bottom line. Just like a monk chanting Amitabha every day, remember that we are public servants of the people, and the power in your hand comes from the people, and you will be caught if you reach out. "Have awe in your heart, know what a high-voltage line is, don't even think about it, jump at the touch of a button, and hold the bottom line. ""What are the ideals, beliefs and noble sentiments of leading cadres? What does it mean to have proper communication between officials and businessmen? How to define the boundary between government and enterprises? What is the bottom line for civil servants? 20 13-03-09 09:29 source: xinhuanet Wang Qingxi said that recently, some provinces and cities in China have experienced a large range of severe haze weather for many times. . . . . . . . . . He said that environmental protection must first legislate, establish and improve relevant laws and regulations, enforce the law strictly, prosecute those who violate the law, and raise the illegal cost. By the way, what do you mean by voice? What are the relevant laws? How can we think that law enforcement must be strict and violators must be prosecuted? What does it mean to increase the illegal cost? How should our national leaders answer these questions? It seems that pragmatic analysis is not only suitable for academic research, but also for political communication and enlightening people's wisdom. If Zhang repeatedly asks Ma Bangde to translate what Huang Shiluo's Surprise means in Let the Bullets Fly, then the policy should be implemented more quickly.

As for the lack of meaning, ambiguity, ambiguity, coloring, materialization and addiction mentioned in article 2. In my opinion, besides the language proposition of analytical philosophy or other disciplines, others, such as language communication and lyrics writing, are also acceptable, especially petty bourgeoisie. After all, life doesn't need to be rational. I think the composition of modern people should be five points of sensibility and five points of rationality. Perception is used for living, and reason is used for survival.

Logical empiricism, also known as logical positivism, holds that philosophy is an activity, that is, logical analysis of concepts and propositions, with the aim of clarifying their meanings and meaningless concepts and propositions. They divide propositions into formal propositions and empirical propositions. Logical positivism is based on experience, using logic as a tool, reasoning, and correcting conclusions with probability theory. It can be seen that logical empiricism is the analysis of concepts and propositions, and its basic methodological distinction is the distinction between analysis and meaning. An analysis statement is a statement that is meaningful enough to judge whether it is true or not. A comprehensive sentence is a sentence whose meaning is not enough to determine whether it is true or not. There are two kinds of analytical sentences: true sentences judged by analysis and false sentences judged by analysis. And I think the distinction of cognitive meaning is to see whether a sentence is necessary to learn, just like why I call my mother's brother and uncle, it is not necessary to learn, but has no cognitive meaning. As for his series of examples, I always see them in a fog. Simple sentences are so complicated that they remind me of a hundred schools of thought contending in the Spring and Autumn Period. Schools give examples to each other and talk about their own views. However, Li Tianming's example is hard to say whether it is good or bad. One minute is P, one minute is Q and one minute is S, which is a challenge to patience. I can't help complaining that Li Tianming is ridiculous.

Metaphysics is the information I found on the Internet. Metaphysics refers to a philosophical trend of thought in Wei and Jin Dynasties, which takes Laozi and Zhuangzi as the skeleton and integrates Confucian classics to replace the tedious Confucian classics. The central issue of its discussion is whether there is an origin, that is, the foundation of the ultimate existence of the universe, that is, ontology. Metaphysics refers to the invisible and nameless Tao. Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties took Laozi, Zhuangzi and Zhouyi as classics, and paid attention to the distinction between metaphysical existence and non-existence, so later generations called this school "Metaphysics" since the Southern Dynasties. In my opinion, metaphysics is empty learning. In history, the gentry under the gentry's door-to-door system began to learn empty learning when they were full and supported. These topics studied by Gao Fushuai are even more absurd than those studied by Sakyamuni when he was a child, but even more mysterious than those studied by Sakyamuni. The final decline is a historical necessity.

Xin Qiji's "He Xinlang" Green Trees Listen to Thrush. What's more, the partridge stops and the cuckoo cuts. Cry until the spring, can't find a place, hate wheatgrass and rest. It has not come, and the world is leaving. Immediately, the pipa was closed and the black was sealed, and Nagato and Cui Che resigned from Jin Que. See Yanyan and give it to my concubine. The general's reputation split to He Liang and changed back to Wan Li, so his old friend died. Xiao Xiao Xiao Xiao's west wind is cold, and the house is full of clothes like snow. The singing bird knows how annoying it is, but it didn't expect it to shed tears and blood. Who * * * me, drunk on the moon.

Li Bai's Chivalrous Man feels like the predecessor of Hero.

The swordsmen of Zhao are dotted with tassels at will, and their swords are as bright as Shuang Shuang. The silver saddle and the white horse set each other off and galloped.

Within ten steps, kill one person, cross a thousand miles, leave no one behind. After you finish, brush off your clothes, don't show any sound, and hide in the depths.

Sometimes when I'm free, I walk through the county town, have a drink, and cross my sword over my knees. Eat meat with the sea and drink with Hou Ying in a big bowl.

Three cups of spit, five mountains are light. After dizziness and ear fever, they were born together.

When Zhao was captured, the soldiers and civilians in the city were frightened. Hai and Hou Yingcai are real warriors of the second century, and they are famous in the whole city.

As a knight, the death of chivalrous bone is also fragrant, and it is worthy of being a hero. Who can write Xuan Jing, Sir Bai Shou?

Every word and poem is beautiful.