About Liu Bang, the founder of Han Dynasty, what was his life like?

Liu Bang (256 BC - June 1, 195 BC), named Ji (some say his original name was Ji), was a native of Zhongyangli, Fengyi, Peijun (now Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province), Han nationality. Born in the common people, he served as the pavilion chief of Sishui during the Qin Dynasty. He raised troops in Pei (now Peixian County, Jiangsu Province) and was called Pei Gong. After the death of Qin, he was named King of Han. Later, he defeated Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, in the Chu-Han War, and became the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty (Western Han Dynasty). His temple name was Gaozu. During the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, it was changed to Taizu. Starting from Sima Qian during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he was often called by the original temple name "Gaozu". , the posthumous title was Emperor Gao, so he was called Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Taizu Emperor Gao or Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty in history. He made decisive contributions to the unification of the Han nation, the unification and strength of China, and the protection and promotion of Han culture.

Liu Bang was the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, one of the great pioneers of the Han nation and culture, and an outstanding politician and strategist in Chinese history

Liu Bang (16 photos) family, outstanding military strategist and commander. Born in 256 BC in Zhongyangli, Fengyi County, Pei County, Chu State, his parents were Liu Taigong (Liu Xuan, also known as Zhijia) and Liu Yu (Wang Hanshi). Liu Bang had two older brothers, one older sister and one younger brother. ("Historical Records" records: the eldest brother Liu Bo. The second brother Liu Zhong was renamed Liu Xi after the establishment of the Han Dynasty. The fourth brother Liu Jiao.) Liu Bang was the third eldest, so his name was Ji, and he was called Liu Ji or Liu San. In 221 BC, at the age of Gengchen, Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established the powerful Qin Empire. Liu Bang was appointed as the chief of the Sishui Pavilion in Sishui County of Qin State. In 209 BC, Chu people Chen Sheng and Wu Guang launched an uprising in Daze Township. Liu Bang responded in Pei County, Chu's hometown, and became one of the main leaders of the peasant rebellion in the late Qin Dynasty. In 206 BC, Liu Bang first entered the important area of ????Guanzhong. Prince Qin Ying surrendered and the Qin Empire was destroyed. But Liu Bang was afraid of Xiang Yu's strength and retreated to dominate. After Xiang Yu entered the Pass, he proclaimed himself the Overlord of Western Chu, and Liu Bang was named King of Han, managing the Nanzhong and Hanzhong areas. After the Chu-Han War ended, the separatist forces were eliminated, China was unified, and the Han Dynasty was established. On Jiawu Day, the third day of the second lunar month (i.e. February 28, 202 BC), he ascended the throne of the emperor on a mound in Dingtao County, Shandong Province. He first established his capital in Luoyi, but soon established his capital in Chang'an. Liu Bang reigned for ten years

Liu Bang (8 photos) and two years (February 206 BC - February 202 BC) was the king of Han, February 202 BC - May 195 BC (as the emperor), after he ascended the throne, Liu Bang put down the rebellion of the princes and consolidated the unified situation, established regulations and adopted a loose policy of rest and recuperation to govern the world, and quickly restored production and developed the economy, which not only appeased the people and united China, but also It contributed to the cultural foundation of grace and magnanimity in the Han Dynasty. It can be said that Liu Bang truly unified the divided China, and also gradually united the disintegrated people's hearts. He made decisive contributions to the unification of the Han nationality, the strength of China, and the protection and promotion of Han culture. After his death, his posthumous title was "Emperor Gao" and his temple name was Taizu.

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"Taizu" and "Gaozu"

After Liu Bang's death, the ministers agreed that the temple name was "Taizu". The posthumous title is "Emperor Gao", and the official full name is "Emperor Gao, Emperor Taizu of the Han Dynasty". The abbreviated temple name should be "Emperor Taizu of the Han Dynasty", and the abbreviated posthumous title is "Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty", not "Gaozu of the Han Dynasty" as people are used to calling him. . "Historical Records·Volume 8 of the Eighth Annals of Gaozu" says: "Bingyin was buried. Jisi established the crown prince and went to the Taishang Imperial Temple. All the officials said: Gaozu rose up in subtle ways, brought order to the troubled times, and pacified the world. He was the Taizu of the Han Dynasty and made great contributions. The highest. The crown prince assumed the title of Emperor Xiaohui. He ordered the princes of the prefecture to establish temples for Gaozu, and the words were the same in "Hanshu, Volume 1, Chronicles of Emperor Gao." To avoid causing ambiguity, "Gaozu" in "Historical Records" was replaced with "Emperor". Sima Qian's "Historical Records" was written as "The Chronicles of Gaozu", and Liu Bang was first called "Gaozu". The Gaisima family was from the time of Emperor Xiaowu, Emperor Shizong of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Xiaowu's emperor was called Emperor Xiaojing, Emperor Xiaojing was called Emperor Taizong Xiaowen, Emperor Xiaowen and Emperor Kao were Emperor Taizu Gao. To Emperor Wu, Emperor Gao was His own great-grandfather. According to "Erya": "The great-grandfather, the royal father, is the great-grandfather." Logically speaking, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty would have called the Supreme Emperor (the father of Emperor Gao) the great-grandfather. However, Guo's note in "Erya" says: "The higher one, Words come first.

"Shi Ming" says: "Gao Zu, Gao, Gao, the most important is Shang Gao, Tao is also the leader of all the subordinates." "Qianqiu Notes" says: "The great-grandfather's father was the great-grandfather, so naturally he is also called the great-grandfather." "Book of Zhou: The Edict of King Kang": "There is nothing wrong with the fate of my great ancestor." The great ancestor refers to King Wen and King Wu. This is called "the great ancestor" after his great-grandfather and grandfather. Because King Wen and King Wu of Zhou were the kings who founded the country and had great achievements. Therefore, calling him Gaozu is the highest honorific title. Similarly, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty called his great-grandfather Gao Emperor "Gaozu". It was the highest title for the ancestors by later generations. The Sima family should have used the honorific title given to Emperor Gao by the Han Dynasty at that time, after Liu Bang.

Chronology of Liu Bang

In 256 BC, Liu Bang was born in Zhongyangli, Fengyi, Pei County (then part of Chu State, now Pei County, Xuzhou). Statue of Liu Bang at County Song Fengtai

In October 209 BC, Liu Bang rose up in Pei County and became one of the main leaders of the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty. In 208 BC, Liu Bang was ordered by King Huai of Chu to march westward. Destroy Qin. In 208 BC, Liu Bang defeated the Qin governor. In 207 BC, Liu Bang destroyed the main force of the Qin capital. In December 207 BC, Liu Bang first entered the pass to overthrow Qin and stabilized the situation in three chapters. In 206 BC, Liu Bang was named King of Han and established the Han Dynasty. In 206 BC, Liu Bang worshiped Han Xin as his general. Defeat the Three Qin Dynasties and occupy Guanzhong. In 205 BC, the Battle of Pengcheng was defeated. In 203 BC, Liu Bang defeated the greater number in the Battle of Chenggao. In 203 BC, Liu Bang defeated the great Sima Cao Jiu and the King of Sai. Xingyang broke through. In 202 BC, Hugou negotiated peace. In the Battle of Gaixia, they used the strategy of being surrounded by enemies to reduce casualties while defeating Xiang Yu. In 205 BC, they defeated Wei and Han. Destroyed Zhao, Han, Yan, and Qi. In February 202 BC, Liu Bang unified China and proclaimed himself emperor in Dingtao. In May 202 BC, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty. The capital was Chang'an. In 202 BC, Wuzhuhe was enfeoffed as the King of Southern Fujian and the King of Dongyue respectively, and the policy of ethnic minority autonomy was implemented. From 202 BC to 195 BC, a series of edicts were issued successively to implement the policy of rest and recuperation to govern the country and restore production. Develop the economy. In 201 BC, the rebellion of King Linjiang was pacified. In 201 BC, the rebellion of King Zang Tu of Yan was pacified. In 200 BC, King Xin of Han rebelled and the Huns invaded. In 200 BC, the Huns were conquered in the north and the rebel forces of King Xin of Han were quickly pacified. Defeated the leading troops of the Xiongnu, and later underestimated the enemy and led to the siege of Baishan Mountain. In 199 BC, he made peace with the Xiongnu and led an army to defeat the Han King Xin's collusion with the Xiongnu. In 199 BC, Liu Bang ordered more than 100,000 nobles and powerful people from the Six Kingdoms to be moved to the vicinity of the imperial capital Guanzhong to strengthen management and rule and eliminate the restoration forces of the original royal families and nobles in the Six Kingdoms. In 198 BC, he dealt with Zhao Guoxiang. Guan Gao rebellion incident. In 197 BC, the rebellion of Chen Fen, the Prime Minister of Zhao State, was put down. In 196 BC, Zhao Tuo was granted the title of King of South Vietnam to consolidate the unification of the south. In 196 BC, a part of the land at the junction of the Southern Fujian Kingdom and the Nanyue Kingdom was designated to establish the East Yue Kingdom. The ethnic minorities were enfeoffed and organized as the East Yue Kings. In 196 BC, the rebellion of Wang Yingbu of Jiujiang was put down. In 195 BC, he wrote "Song of the Great Wind". In 195 BC, he composed "Honghu Song". In 195 BC, the "Edict seeking talents" was issued. On April 25, 195 BC (June 1 in the Gregorian calendar), Liu Bang died at the age of 62. He was buried in Changling, Shaanxi. His temple name was "Taizu" and his posthumous title was "Emperor Gao".