The Taoyuan Stories of Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei

Guan Yu met the Eastern Han Dynasty government in Zhuo Jun County (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province) to mobilize the local landlords to organize armed forces and suppress the Yellow Scarf Uprising. Here, he met Liu Bei (Liu Bei claimed to be the descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Sun Yat-sen Jing, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) and Zhang Fei, who were like-minded, fell in love at first sight and were extremely friendly and close as brothers. According to legend, Liu, Guan and Zhang became sworn friends in Taoyuan. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms expressed their vows: "Although we are brothers with different surnames, we should work together to help the poor; Serve the country, go to peace and prosperity, don't want to be born on the same day in the same year, just want to die on the same day in the same year. " Although this is a novelist's statement, it has great influence, because it conforms to the mentality of the middle and lower classes in an era of frequent turmoil. Many peasant uprisings in later generations followed the example of swearing in the teacher's righteousness to consolidate the ranks and strengthen unity. The three men organized an armed force and took part in the attack on the peasant rebels. Guan Yu also began his military career. From the first year of Zhong Ping (184) to his death, Guan Yu always faithfully followed Liu Bei, "walking with him and avoiding difficulties and obstacles" (The Story of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Guan Yu).

Cao Cao appreciates it.

Cao Cao praised Guan Yu as a man and worshipped him as a partial general. He is very polite. Soon, I understood that Guan Yu was not practical and didn't want to stay long. Guan Yu's image in traditional Chinese opera.

He said to Zhang Liao, who had a good relationship with Guan Yu, "Please try to beg him with your feelings." . Zhang Liao went to ask Guan Yu, and Guan Yu sighed, "I know very well that Tsao Gong has always been very kind to me, but I was sworn to death by General Liu's great kindness, and I can't carry it back. I won't stay until the end, but I will effectively report Zuo Zongtang's departure "("The Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Zhang Guan Macelo Wong Zhao Chuan "). Zhang Liao told Cao Cao about Guan Yu's remarks. When Cao Cao heard about it, he didn't resent Guan Yu, but thought he was kind and valued him more. Cao Cao praised Guan Yu for his bravery, rewarded him and named him Hanshou Hou Ting (Hanshou, place name; Hou Ting, marquis). After Guan Yu killed Yan Liang, Cao Cao knew he would go, so he rewarded him. Guan Yu sealed all the rewards that Cao Cao gave him many times, wrote a farewell letter to Cao Cao, protected Liu Bei's family, and left Cao Ying to look for Liu Bei in Yuan Shao's army. When Cao Cao's soldiers heard about it, they all wanted to catch up. Cao Cao dissuaded them from saying, "Let's do our own things, so don't catch up" (Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu and Liu Guanyu). From Guan Yu's capture and meritorious service to Cao Cao's return to Liu Bei, this experience has been passed down from mouth to mouth and spread widely. By the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a colorful story unit has been formed, including three things about Tu Shan (not Cao but Han; Treat yisow with courtesy; I will resign as soon as I know the whereabouts of Liu Bei. Cao Cao treated Guan Yu well, with a small banquet for three days and a big banquet for five days; Cao Cao gave the robe, Guan Yu put it on the bottom of his coat and covered it with Liu Beici's old robe, not daring to forget the old with the new; Cao Cao gave a red rabbit horse, and Guan Yu thanked it, thinking that Liu Bei could be seen one day riding this horse; Guan Gong beheaded Yan Liang; Guan Gong hangs the seal gold; Old town brothers meet, etc. On the land of China, this story is known to all women and children.

Fang yi Cao Cao

After Cao Cao occupied Jiangling, the momentum was even stronger, and it was very likely that Liu Bei, who had no place to stand a cone, would be swallowed up and Sun Quan in Jiangdong would be destroyed. This happened when Sun Quan and Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao's famous Battle of Red Cliffs. In November, Sun and Liu teamed up to defeat Cao Cao in Chibi (now the scenic spot in Chibi Town, chibi city). The 10,000 elite water army led by Guan Yu was the main force of Liu Bei and played an important role in this battle. In order to highlight the characteristics of Guan Yu's "full of emotion and heavy righteousness", later generations performed the details of his interpretation of Cao Cao in Huarong Road, which is widely known so far.

Command Jingzhou

[1] Jingzhou includes Nanyang, Nanjun, Jiangxia, Wuling, Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling. It is a strategic place for Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao also occupied the northern part of Nanyang County and Nanjun County, while Sun Quan occupied Jiangxia County and Nanguanyu.

The south of the county. The so-called "borrowing Jingzhou" means that Sun Quan lent Liu Bei the southern part of Nanjun, which he occupied. In the second year of Liu Bei's acquisition of Yizhou (2 15), Sun Quan sent Zhu Gejin as a special envoy to discuss with Liu Bei and demanded that several counties in the south of Jingzhou be returned to Dongwu. Liu Bei refused, and Sun Quan sent a group of officials to take over Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang counties. Guan Yu resolutely refused, and all the officials sent by Sun Quan were blown back. In a rage, Sun Quan immediately sent Lv Meng to lead 20,000 soldiers and horses to forcibly seize these three counties. After Lv Meng captured Changsha and Guiyang counties, Liu Bei quickly led 50,000 troops to the public security, and sent Guan Yu to lead 30,000 military forces to Yiyang to recapture these two counties. Sun Quan also personally went to Lukou and sent Lu Su to lead 10,000 soldiers and horses in Yiyang to refuse Guan Yu. Wu Dong's army and Guan Yu's army are camped in Yiyang, facing each other.

San Antonio

In 2 15, Liu Bei took Yizhou, and Sun Quan ordered Zhu Gejin to ask Liu Bei for Jingzhou. Liu Bei refused, and Sun Quan was very angry, so he sent Monroe to lead the army to get Guan Yu.

Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang counties. Changsha and Guiyang Shu will surrender immediately. When Liu Bei learned of it, he personally rushed to the police from Chengdu (now Hubei Public Security Bureau) and sent General Guan Yu to compete for the three counties. Sun Quan also immediately stationed in Lukou and sent Lu Su to station troops in Yiyang to resist Guan Yu. At this critical juncture, in order to maintain the alliance between Sun and Liu and not give Cao Cao an opportunity, Lu Su decided to discuss it face to face with Guan Yu. "Sue invited us to meet each other, and each of us kept a hundred paces, and all the generals were alone." After the talks, the two sides eased the tension. Subsequently, Sun Quan and Liu Bei agreed to divide Jingzhou equally. "Taking Hunan as the boundary, so the army will stop." The alliance between Sun and Liu was maintained. This "one-knife meeting" was perfunctory by dramatists and novelists. Guan Yu became a hero, while Lu Su became a short-sighted and timid dwarf. This is an artist's creation, not a historical truth. Lu Su single-handedly promoted the alliance between Sun and Liu, and it was "difficult to keep for life" (Wang Fu's words). So Liu Bei and Sun Quan became stronger and established Shu and Wu to compete with Cao Wei. The Three Kingdoms period only appeared in the history of China.

Scrape the toxins off the bones.

Guan Yu's bravery is extraordinary, which is the highest in the whole army. In later novels, he wrote that Hua Xiong, Lu Bu, Che Zhou, Yan Liang and Wen Chou rode thousands of miles alone, went to the meeting with one knife and drove the seven armies. Although some of them go against historical facts, they also highlight his military courage and charm. As for curettage, it is well known. Guan Yu was shot by random arrows and hit his right arm. Although the wound has healed, the bone often hurts when it rains. Hua Tuo said: "Sagittarius is poisonous, and the poison enters the bone marrow. Take the broken arm as an injury, scrape the bone to remove poison, and then remove the disease. " Guan Yu stretched out his arm to let the doctor cut the wound. At that time, Guan Yu was giving a banquet to entertain the generals. "The blood on the arm is all over the plate, while the feather cuts and drinks, talking and laughing."

Guan Gong was killed.

In that year 1 1 month, Lv Meng led his troops out to take shelter from the wind, entered Xunyang (now northeast of Jiujiang, Jiangxi), ambushed elite soldiers on a disguised merchant ship, dressed soldiers in white, disguised themselves as businessmen, and mobilized the people to paddle and paddle, and traveled day and night to return to Jiangling and attack it. Everything is very hidden and mysterious. Lv Meng knew Guan Yu and serenade, and expected that he would escape by way of the north of Maicheng, so he sent troops to ambush in advance. In December, Sun Quan sent messengers to Maicheng to persuade Guan Yu to surrender. Guan Yu suggested that Wu Jun retreat ten miles and meet at the south gate. Lv Meng really retreated ten miles, waiting for Guan Yu to surrender. Guan Yu and his eldest son Guan Ping sneaked out of the north gate and fled to the west with a dozen cavalry. Captured by Pan Zhang general Ma Zhong, he is bound to see Sun Quan. Sun Quan surrendered to Guan Yu, who was killed by Pan Zhang and his son Guan Ping in Linzhou. He died at the age of 58, and his second son, Guan Xingsi, was named "Han Shou Ting Hou". In the third year of Jing Yao (A.D. 260), Liu Chan, Emperor Huai of Shu, made Guan Yu "the Queen of Qianghe Temple". In the autumn of the 24th year of Jian 'an (AD 2 19), Guan Yu led his troops to attack Fancheng and Xiangyang, and ordered Mi Fang, the satrap of Nanjun County, to guard Jiangling, while Fu Shiren, the general, was responsible for public security and logistics supply. At that time, the battle ahead was fierce, and Guan Yu won day by day, but military supplies were often not available. Guan Yu thought that the two men were seriously dereliction of duty and threatened: "Go back and treat them well!" Elk Fang and Fu Shiren were usually dissatisfied with Guan Yu's contempt for themselves. When they returned to the army, they heard that Guan Yu was going to punish them, and they were naturally very scared. Therefore, when Lu Meng sent the feather fan to surrender, he did not hesitate to give Jiangling and the police to the feather fan, so that Guan Yu lost his position and was defeated.