What are the famous bridges in China?

Top Ten Famous Bridges in China

1. Wuting Bridge: Wuting Bridge was built in the 22nd year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1757). It is located in Slender West Lake, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. Built on the lotus ridge, also known as the "Lotus Bridge", it is a model of bridge and pavilion architecture in my country. This bridge has five pavilions on the top and four wings on the bottom. There are fifteen arch holes on the front side. Whenever the moon is full, each hole has its own title. In January, all the moons compete for glory.

2. Marco Polo Bridge: Located about 10 kilometers southwest of Guang'anmen in Beijing, the bridge was named Marco Polo Bridge because it spans the Marco Polo River (today's Yongding River). The Marco Polo Bridge was built in 1189 (the 29th year of Dading in the Jin Dynasty). The bridge is 266.5 meters long. There are 501 stone lions (some say 502) on the bridge railings and 11 holes under the bridge. It has a history of more than 800 years.

More than 700 years ago, "Morning Moon at Lugou" was one of the eight famous scenic spots in Yanjing. There is a stele pavilion with "Morning Moon at Lugou" inscribed by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty on the bridge.

By 1985, Marco Polo Bridge was still an important traffic channel in southwest Beijing, shouldering heavy transportation tasks. After 1985, two new bridges were built next to it, and the old bridge was discontinued.

What is worth remembering is that on July 7, 1937, the Japanese invaders launched the "July 7 Incident" here, which shocked China and the world, known as the "Marco Bridge Incident."

3. Luding Iron Cable Bridge: Luding Bridge is located on the Dadu River in the west of Luding County, Sichuan Province. It was built in the 44th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1705) and was completed in May of the following year. 301 years. The bridge body is composed of 13 iron chains, including nine bottom chains and four handrails. Each iron chain consists of 862 to 977 iron rings and is forged from wrought iron. Each iron chain weighs 1300-1800km. The bridge has a clearance of 103.6m and a width of 2.9m. There is an abutment at each end of the bridge, which is entirely built with strips of stone. There are drop shafts underneath, and there are ground dragon piles and Wolong piles made of pig iron to anchor the iron chain. There is a bridge pavilion built on top of the well, with cornices and corners, simple and elegant. At the west end of the Guanyin Pavilion, there is a stone tablet "Luding Bridge" inscribed by Kangxi, and to the east of the bridge there is a "Stele Inscription of the Imperial System of Luding Bridge". After liberation. There is the "Luding Bridge Revolutionary Cultural Relics Exhibition Hall" built in the east of the bridge.

Luding Bridge is the first stable large iron cable bridge on the Dadu River, changing the past history of relying on Zhe bridge, zip rope and cowhide boat to cross. On May 29, 1935, the Red Army during the Long March achieved the great victory of "capturing the Luding Bridge in flight" here, writing a magnificent chapter in Chinese history. For this reason, Comrade Mao Zedong wrote "The iron cables across the Dadu Bridge are cold" magnificent poem. Since then, Luding Bridge has become famous all over the world.

4. Guangji Bridge:

If you don’t get the tide in Guangzhou, your trip is in vain;

If you don’t get the tide and you don’t get the bridge, your trip is in vain

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(Guangdong folk song)

The "chao" refers to Chaozhou; the "bridge" refers to Guangji Bridge.

Guangji Bridge, commonly known as Xiangzi Bridge, is located outside the east gate of the ancient city of Chaozhou, across the Han River, and is an important transportation hub for Fujian and Guangdong. Zhaozhou Bridge, Luoyang Bridge, Marco Polo Bridge, etc. are among the famous bridges in China. They were hailed as "the earliest retractable bridges in the world" by the famous bridge expert Mao Yisheng. They are now national key cultural relics protection units.

There was no bridge in Hanjiang River in ancient times. "Chaozhou Sanyang Zhi." "Bridge Road" planted: "When entering Guangzhou from the east, there is a river blocking the tide. The sand is flat and the water falls, and a reed can be navigated; when the rain accumulates and the river rises, the waves will be violent and the shore will be far away. Those who are experienced in boating should be afraid of themselves. If you can't do anything in one day, people who come and go will suffer from two diseases. "In order to cross the river, people often stay in the wild day and night to wait for their convenience." It can be seen that there is no bridge and it is difficult to ferry.

In the seventh year of Qiandao in the Song Dynasty (1171), Zeng Wang, the prefect of Chaozhou, built a boat as a beam, eighty-six, to connect the east and west banks of the river, and placed stones in the middle to rope its momentum and roots. Its location, which is located three months after crossing the moon, is called Kangji Bridge." This is the earliest Guangji Bridge.

The Kangji Bridge was destroyed by ruthless floods in the summer of the first year of Chunxi (1174), three years after its completion. Chang Yi, the succeeding prefect, rebuilt it and increased the number of floating boats to 106, making it very spectacular with "a series of boats and boats, a dragon lying across the rainbow". There was still money left to build the bridge, so "Jie Pavilion was built on the west bank to link the Zhenjiang River, which was named Yanghan". In fact, this "Jie Pavilion" is the first pier on the West Bank. Its establishment kicked off the protracted project of building piers and beams from both sides of the river to the center of the river. From the first year of Chunxi to the second year of Shaoding (1228), 10 piers were completed successively by Zhu Jiang, Wang Zhenggong, Ding Yunyuan and Sun Shujin in 54 years.

Ding Yunyuan built the most piers and made the most outstanding achievements. Therefore, the West Bridge is called "Dinghou Bridge". The East Bridge started in the fifth year of Shaoxi (1194) when Shen Zongyu, the prefect, built a "Gai Xiu Pavilion" on the east bank of the flat stone. It was built by Chen Honggui, Lin Shanpiao and Lin Hui until the first year of Kaixi (1205). * Thirteen bridge piers were built and the bridge was named "Jichuan". In the first year of Kaiqing (1259), the prefect Lin Guangshi "built twenty-four new boats with seventy-foot iron cables running through them." , the overall layout of the bridge was determined.

Since then, the bridge has been prosperous and ruined, destroyed and repaired, and it has been managed through ups and downs for more than 200 years. It was not until the middle of the Ming Dynasty that it ushered in its most glorious moment. period.

In the 10th year of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty (1435), the bridge was once again destroyed by floods. Wang Yuan, the prefect, "took the construction of the bridge as his own responsibility and donated money to promote it. All his subordinates and wealthy families were involved." So they scrambled to buy wood and stone, and hired workers and servants to repair the damaged piers and replace the broken stone beams. After the completion, "the west bank has ten piers and nine holes, with a total length of 49 feet and 5 feet; It has thirteen piers and twelve holes, with a total length of eighty-six feet, and a hollow of twenty-seven feet and three feet. Four out of twenty boats are built as floating bridges. The unified name of the whole bridge is: Guangji Bridge. After the bridge is completed, a pavilion is erected. "One hundred and twenty-six houses", and the "Twenty-fourth Floor of Guangji Bridge" was built on the bridge pier, which made Guangji Bridge the most gorgeous and made Li Ling, a native of the country, uttered "My trend of success lies in Guangji First Bridge"

In the eighth year of Zhengde (1513), Guangji Bridge was damaged by a typhoon. The prefect Tan Lun "continued the repairs as planned" and added one pier and one floor, subtracting 6 Fuzhou ones, and it was completed. The pattern of "Eighteen shuttles and twenty-four continents".

Since then, Guangji Bridge has been ups and downs many times and has gone through vicissitudes of life, but the basic pattern has not changed much. Until 1958, due to the needs of national highway traffic, The interrupted pontoon bridge was demolished and replaced with a three-hole steel truss and two high pile platform bridges, and all stone piers were reinforced. In 1988, Guangji Bridge was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Guangji Bridge has a unique structure, different forms and dazzling colors. It is worthy of being a symbol of Chaozhou's famous city and a special case in the history of bridges in my country. It has very important historical value, artistic value and scientific value. Its main characteristics are summarized. There are three together:

First, "Eighteen shuttle boats and twenty-four continents"

The combination of beams and boats, hardness and softness, movement and stillness, ups and downs and changes, is the Guangji Bridge It is a major feature. The east and west sections are bridges with double bridges and beautiful bridges, and in the middle is a pontoon bridge with dragons and dragons crossing it. This is simply a wonderful scenery. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, there was a poem praising: "The spring dawn on the Xiangjiang River is far away, and the eighteen-shuttle boat locks the painted bridge." "The Spring Rise of the Xiangqiao Bridge" is therefore ranked first among the "Eight Scenic Spots of Chaozhou". From a structural point of view, the combination of beams and boats is truly unique in the world. It is the first of its kind to open and close bridges. The main functions of opening and closing are navigation and flood drainage. As recorded in "Yuexiang": "Jichuan Bridge outside the east gate of Chaozhou... opens at dawn and dusk in the coming year to allow boats to pass." Whenever there is a flood in the Hanjiang River, the pontoon bridge can be untied to let the surging torrents pour out. It also serves as a checkpoint. "The counties and counties regard Guangji Bridge as a must-pass for salt ships, so they began to discuss collecting salt taxes." They even sent people to work with Chaozhou Prefecture to take charge of it. Fang Zhi recorded: "In the third year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty (1725), the Salt Transport Co., Ltd. was stationed in Chaozhou and the prefect was in charge of the bridge affairs. The east bank belonged to the Transportation Co., Ltd. to release salt, and the west bank belonged to Chaozhou Prefecture. Check customs duties. "

Second, "Twenty-Four Towers and Twenty-four Styles"

In the initial stage of Guangji Bridge, there were measures to build pavilions and "cover houses" on the bridge piers, and crown them as It is known as "Cing Ke", "Yu Jian" and "Gai Xiu". During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, the prefect Wang Yuan not only built 126 pavilions on the more than 500 meters long bridge, but also built on various bridge piers. The towers are respectively named Qiguan, Guangji, Lingxiao, Shiying, Deyue, Chaoxian, Chengsi, Feiyue, Shechuan, Youtong, Zuoda, Jichuan, Yunheng, Curling, Xiaopenglai and Fenglin. They are named Zhou, Zhaixing, Lingbo, Feihong, Guanyan, Yuncui, Chengjian, Shengxian, and Yanghan. The design of the bridges is just like Li Ling's "Guangji Bridge" in the Ming Dynasty. "Fu" says: "The first floor of the abbot, the ten-foot-long pavilion, the ornate beams are glowing, the carved bangs are golden, the curved railings and horizontal sills are painted with dark red paint, the scales and tiles are uneven, and the eaves and teeth are high. ． ． ． ． "Wind and rain bridges in ancient Lingnan are common, but with such a large scale, so many forms, and such beautiful decorations, they are indeed rare.

Third, "One mile long bridge, one mile city"

Guangji Bridge is the hub of "all eastern Guangdong, where Fujian, Guangdong, Henan, and Zhangjiakou are bordered by Shenzhen". There are many towers on the bridge, so it is.

It soon became a transportation and trade center and a bustling bridge city. Dawn has just broken and the river fog has not yet cleared, and the bridge is already a "bed of people and fish". When the morning light first appeared, the shops were opened first, tea pavilions and wine shops, flags and flags of various colors fluttering in the wind, people standing on the bridge holding cloth and trading silk, asking for divination, people crowded around, and traffic was busy, just as described in Li Ling's "Guangji Bridge Ode": " If the thunder of Yin shakes the ground, the wheels of the wheels are pounding; the wind is blowing the waves, and the sound of people is coming; the clouds are covering the sun, and sand and dust are flying; the sound of the clouds is stopping, the sound is shaking the trees, the tourists are singing, and the postmen are chanting; the phoenix is ??roaring on the high hills, The dragon sings in the sea, the ladies play and the drums roar; the towers shake, the clouds are scattered, the wind blows and the waves are shaken. ． No wonder tourists make jokes like "Ask about Xiang Bridge when you arrive at Xiang Bridge".

The night at Guangji Bridge has a special interest: "The new moon is white at the top of the city, and the fish market is brightly lit at night. The guessing egg boat is still drinking, and the salt boat with mats is sailing in the wind." At the beginning of the next month, the wind is blowing. The Guangji Bridge on the top, lanterns hanging high in the wine shops, guessing orders in the egg boats, and bamboo whispers in the prostitutes' tents, it is really "thousands of families are connected by a stream, and you can hear the drums and drums in the middle of the night." "Lamps illuminate each other quietly", so "the sea atmosphere is gone and it is the third watch".

5. Anping Bridge: The longest existing ancient stone bridge in my country is located in Anhai Town, Jinjiang. It enjoys the reputation of "there is no bridge this long in the world". It is a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Anping Bridge (also known as "Wuli Bridge") is located in Anhai Town, 30 kilometers south of Quanzhou City, across the beach, and connected to Nan'an Shuitou Town on the other side. According to "Quanzhou Prefecture Chronicles": "In the eighth year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty (1138 AD), the monks and ancestors began to build the stone bridge, but it was not completed. In the 21st year (1151 AD), the county governor Zhao Lingjin completed it." The bridge project took thirteen years to complete. It is a long beam-type bridge constructed of granite. After the completion of the Anping Bridge, Ling Jin personally wrote: "It is eight hundred and ten feet long (2255 meters), its width is one foot and six feet (more than 5 meters), and its drainage channel is three hundred and sixty feet." There are also five "pavilions" built in the east, west and middle of the bridge, with handrails on both sides, as well as stone towers, stone generals and other cultural relics. The "Shuixin Pavilion" in the middle section of the bridge, commonly known as the "Middle Pavilion", is the only remaining one of the five former pavilions. However, it has been renovated several times and is now a Qing Dynasty building. Around the pavilion are preserved thirteen inscriptions on bridge construction in past dynasties. The stone pillars on the pavilion are engraved with a couplet written by an unknown person in ancient times. The second couplet is "No bridge in the world is as long as this bridge", which summarizes that the Anping Bridge is the longest bridge in ancient times. The piers of the Anping Bridge come in three forms: rectangular piers, semi-ship-shaped piers and boat-shaped piers. The bridge foundation adopts the "sleeper lying foundation method", with sand as the base, sleepers crossed and stacked on top, and then the bridge piers are built on the sleepers, which is similar to Luoyang The foundations of the bridge and raft shapes are very different and innovative.

Since the bridge was built in the Southern Song Dynasty, although it has been rebuilt more than ten times, the old one has been constantly damaged, with the bridge plates broken, the piers collapsed and tilted. In 1980, the state allocated special funds for comprehensive restoration, and the project was completed in May 1985. Anping Bridge has restored its historical appearance.

6. Zhaozhou Bridge: Zhaozhou Bridge, also known as Anji Bridge, was built during the Daye Period of the Sui Dynasty (605-618 AD) by the famous craftsman Li Chun. The bridge is 64.40 meters long and has a span of 37.02 meters. It is the largest and earliest single-hole open-shoulder stone arch bridge in the world today. Because there are two small holes on the shoulders at both ends of the bridge, which are not solid, it is called open shoulder type. This is a creation in the history of world bridge building (those without small arches are called full shoulder or solid shoulder type).

Zhaozhou Bridge is 1,400 years old and has experienced 10 floods, 8 wars and many earthquakes, especially the 7.6 magnitude earthquake that occurred in Xingtai in 1966. Xingtai is more than 40 kilometers away from here. There were also earthquakes with a magnitude of 4.0, but the Zhaozhou Bridge was not damaged. Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert, said that regardless of the internal structure of the bridge, the fact that it has survived for more than 1,300 years speaks for itself. The flood in 1963 caused the water to reach the mouth of the bridge arch. According to local elders, you could feel the bridge shaking greatly while standing on it. According to records, Zhaozhou Bridge has been repaired eight times since its completion.

In September 1991, Zhaozhou Bridge was selected as the twelfth "International Civil Engineering Milestone" by the American Society of Civil Engineers, and an "International Civil Engineering Historical Monument" was built on the east side of the northern end of the bridge. Bronze monument.

7. Cross bridge: a bridge whose planes intersect into a cross shape. The Yunzhu Feiliang, located in Jinci Temple in the southwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, is the earliest existing cross bridge in my country. The age of the bridge's construction is unknown.

The flying beam spans directly across the marsh. The east-west main bridge is about 18 meters long and 6 meters wide. Each wing of the north-south wing bridge is about 6 meters long and 4.2 meters wide. It slopes down and intersects with the main bridge to form a 6.5-meter square site for tourists. Overlooking the spring water in the marsh. The whole bridge is supported by thirty-four octagonal stone pillars. The stone pillars are made of corrosion-resistant iron-green sandstone. White marble railings are laid on the edge of the bridge. The entire flying bridge looks harmonious and beautiful.

8. Fengyu Bridge: It is located on the Linxi River beside Chengyang Village in Sanjiang County, Guangxi. The whole bridge is made of stone piers with wooden surfaces and tile roofs. There are five pagoda-shaped pavilions built on the bridge to provide shelter from wind and rain. There is no iron nail in the entire bridge, and it is all connected by trusses. It runs diagonally through straight sets and is criss-crossed, making it very delicate and strong.

9. Jade Belt Bridge: This bridge is located in the Summer Palace in Beijing. The entire bridge is made of white marble. The arch is egg-shaped, with exquisitely carved railings and pillars on both sides. The whole bridge is white and has smooth lines. From a distance, it looks like a jade belt dotted on the sparkling blue Kunming Lake. It is praised by tourists as the "Fairy Island on the Sea".

10. Wuyin Bridge: Located in the Shinto of Shunzhi Emperor Xiaoling in Dongling, Hebei Province, this bridge is equipped with 126 calcite railings on both sides. There are five tones in ancient vocal music: Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu, so it is called the "Five-note Bridge".