What did Edison invent?

Mainly invented the phonograph, movable film projector, dictation phonograph, radio signature printer and tattoo gun Thomas Alva Edison (Thomas Alva Edison, 1847, February1-1931,10,/kloc-0. American inventor and businessman, with many important invention patents, was awarded the title of "Wizard of Menlo Park" by the media. He was the first inventor in the world to use a large number of production principles and his industrial research laboratory to produce inventions. Edison holds 1093 patents, including the United States, Britain, France and Germany. General Electric Company was founded in 1892. 1908, Edison founded the film patent company, an enterprise group composed of nine film studios. In the early 1960s, Edison bought a villa in Formel, Florida to escape the cold. Henry Ford, the car king, lives opposite this villa. He is also a good friend of Edison. "Edison and Ford Winter Manor" is currently open to the public. Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, USA. He is Samuel Ogden Edison (1804- 1896) and Nancy Matthews Elliot (18 10-65438+). His father, Sam, recently opened a restaurant in Canada, and was wanted for joining the revolutionary army, so he fled to Milan, USA, and switched to wood business. Edison's mother Nancy used to be a primary school teacher in Canada, but after she got married, she stopped teaching whips and became a full-time housewife. Because of illness, Edison later began to receive school education. His habit of asking questions and thinking made the school teacher angry and called him "addled" (rotten egg). This made Edison only receive three months of school education. Edison's mother Nancy resolutely took Thomas home and taught Edison herself, teaching Edison knowledge in her own way and encouraging him to study and do experiments. From this moment on, Edison's life changed completely. He later recalled: "My mother was my success. She is sincere, I'm sure; And I think I need to live a meaningful life, and I can't let her down. " [1] A lot of his knowledge comes from the school of natural philosophy written by R.G. Belga. Edison began to suffer from hard of hearing when he was 12 years old. It is said that the train conductor grabbed him by the ear and dragged him to the moving train, causing deafness. [2] Edison's life in Port Huron, Michigan was bittersweet. He works as a newsboy on the train between Port Huron and Detroit, selling newspapers and sweets. He saved Jimmy Mackenzie in a train collision. Jimmy's father, J.U. Mackenzie, was the stationmaster of Clemens Hill Station. He was so grateful to Edison that he trained him as a telegraph operator. Edison's deafness enabled him to ignore the noise made by the operator sitting next to him. Some of his earliest inventions were related to electronic communication, including the stock quotation machine. Edison applied for his first patent-electric meter recorder on1October 28th, 1868. Thomas Edison and his early invention of the phonograph Edison began his career as an inventor in Newark, New Jersey. He improved automatic repeaters and other telex equipment, but the first invention that made him famous was the phonograph of 1877. This unexpected achievement of Volkswagen seems almost incredible. He is called "the wizard of Menlo Park" because he set up a laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey, where he also lives. The sound quality of his first tin foil drum phonograph was very poor, and the audio track was destroyed during playback, so he could only listen to it several times. In 1980s, Bell, chichester Bell and Charles tainter designed a waxed and painted cardboard cylinder model. This is one reason why Edison kept making his "perfect phonograph". Edison was a free thinker and probably a deist. He doesn't believe in "the God of theologians", but he doesn't doubt the existence of "masters". He rejected supernatural ideas and the idea of immortality of the soul, as well as the existence of personality gods. He said: "Nature is not kind and loving, but completely cruel and indifferent." [3] Edison187165438 On February 25th, Edison married Mary Stilwell, who had only known each other for two months. Edison was 24 years old and Mary 16 years old. During their thirteen-year marriage, they had three children: Marion estelle Edison, Thomas Alva Edison Junior and William Leslie Edison. Mary died on1August 9, 884. In the 1980s of 19, Edison bought a property in Fort Myers, Florida, and built the Sai Minor Cottage as a shelter from the cold. Henry Ford's villa, a shelter from the cold, is several hundred feet away from Edison's villa. Edison also made great contributions to the automobile industry. Their friendship lasted until Edison died. 1886 On February 24th, 39-year-old Edison married 19-year-old Mina Miller in Akron, Ohio. They also have three children: Madeleine? 9? Edison, Charles Edison (Edison took over the company after his death and ran for governor of New Jersey) and Theodore Edison. Mina died on1August 24th, 947. Menlo Park Laboratories Edison's Menlo Park Laboratories moved to MIT's Greenland dearborn. Edison's major invention was born in Menlo Park Laboratory in New Jersey. It is the first institution in the world established for the purpose of technological innovation and improvement of existing technologies. Although many employees have carried out research work according to their own professional direction and achieved brilliant results, most invention patents belong to Edison himself in law. William Yue Se Hammer is a senior electrical engineer. From 1879 to 65438+February, he began to work as an experimenter in all Edison companies. He made great contributions to the invention of telephone, phonograph, circuit, iron ore separator and electric lighting equipment, and participated in the development of other products and technologies. However, the hammer is mainly responsible for testing and recording incandescent lamp equipment. 1880 was appointed as the chief engineer of Edison lamp project. In his first year in office, under the leadership of general manager Francis Robbins Upton, the factory produced 50,000 lamps. According to Edison, Hammer was "the pioneer of incandescent lighting equipment". Most of the patents under Edison's name are public patents. In Edison's life, the inventions protected by patents were electronic, mechanical or chemical products 17 years, about 12 were design patents, and a decorative design was also protected 14 years. However, most inventions are not completely original, but are improvements to products that have been invented but are still not perfect. Some of the original ones include the phonograph. The phonograph patent is the first device that can record and play back sound. Edison didn't invent the first electric light bulb, but he invented the first incandescent lamp that could be actually used in business. Some early inventors have put forward several designs, including the patents he bought from Henry Woodward, Matthew Evans, Moses G Fama, Yue Se Swan, James Bowen Liantes, William Sawyer, humphry davy and Henry Goldberg. However, the products of these inventors have the disadvantages of short life and high production cost, and are only suitable for laboratory testing. 1878, Edison used carbon fiber filament as luminescent material (used by British inventor Yue Se Swan before), which greatly prolonged the life of light bulb. Edison absorbed the advantages of these old designs and began to manufacture light bulbs on a large scale. Alexandra Volta, an earlier inventor, pioneered electric lighting in 1800. In the laboratory, he demonstrated that electricity can be used as a light source with a glowing wire. Edison commercialized this idea, extended the concept of electric lighting to families and enterprises by supplying a large number of light bulbs that can be used for a relatively long time, and designed a complete power production and transmission system. Menlo Park Laboratories may be responsible for selling the "Quadruple Communicator" invented by Edison in 1874 (the same wire can send four signal communicators at the same time). When Edison asked Western Union to bid, Western Union offered him a patent fee far exceeding expectations: 1 10,000 dollars. "Quadruple communication machine" was Edison's first step in trying to do business. Moderns, U.S. Patent No.223898, Electric Lamp 1878, Edison and several financiers including J·P· Morgan and Vanderbilt family established Edison Electric Lamp Company in new york. On February 36, 2008, Edison demonstrated incandescent light bulbs for the first time in Menlo Park. 1October 27th,1880,65438+He applied for a patent for this invention in the United States. He claimed: "We will make electricity cheaper, and only the rich will light candles." [Source Request] 1883,/kloc-0 10 On October 8th, the US Patent Office ruled that Edison's patent was modified from William Sawyer's work and was invalidated. The lawsuit lasted for almost six years until 18891October 6, when the judge ruled that Edison's patent was legal. In order to avoid a possible court battle with Yue Se Swan, he and Swan set up a joint venture company named Ediswan in England to sell the invention. Other inventors of the electric lamp include nikola tesla, a Serbian inventor, who wanted to use radio frequency to ignite the radio bulb with electric waves emitted by external electrodes under the action of Tesla. He also plans to develop a wire to refocus energy from the glass shell back to the center of the light bulb, and then use the center "button" to emit incandescent light to ignite the light bulb. Although Tesla invented fluorescent lighting, Edison's design has a higher market share at this time. Edison obtained the patent of power transmission system in 1880, which is very important for the invention of electric light. The first power station was the Pearl Street Power Station built in new york in 1882. 1On September 4th, 882, Edison opened the world's first power transmission system at Pearl Street Power Station, providing 1 10 volts of direct current (DC) to 59 customers in downtown Manhattan. June1883 65438+1October 19 The first standardized incandescent lamp system using external wires began to serve in Roselle, New Jersey. From 1877 to 1878, Edison invented and improved the carbon electrode microphone and bell receiver, which were still used in all telephones until the 1980s. After a long patent lawsuit, in 1892, the federal court ruled that Edison, not Amy Berlin, was the inventor of the carbon electrode microphone. (Josephson, P146). In the 1920s, carbon electrode microphones were also used for radio broadcasting and broadcasting. The Dispute of Communication Mode 1897 Tennessee Centennial Exposition was decorated with electric lights just invented at that time. As you can see on the left, the imitation Parthenon Edison first invented the direct current (DC), while George Westinghouse sold the alternating current (AC) system developed by Tesla, so Westinghouse and Edison became enemies. Unlike direct current, alternating current can be raised to a very high voltage through a transformer, transmitted through thin wires, and then reduced to power users at the destination. In order to attack the alternating current invented by his opponent, Edison electrocuted dogs, cats and other animals with alternating current, and Topsy, a circus elephant, made the public have a dangerous impression of alternating current, and finally even participated in the development of the electric chair. However, William Kemler, the first prisoner in history, was still breathing because there was no electricity. The second electric shock caused his subcutaneous blood vessels to rupture and bleed, and his body caught fire, but he still didn't die. It was not until the third electric shock that William Kemler died, but only eight minutes after the execution. A reporter who witnessed the incident described it as "a terrible scene, worse than hanging". But what he object to is that system used today. Frank J. Spager is an able mathematician and former naval officer. He was recruited by Edward H. Johnson to Edison's company in 1883. Spielberg's great contribution to Edison's laboratory in Menlo Park was to expand Edison's mathematical methods. Although people think Edison didn't use mathematics, the notebook recording his thoughts reveals that he is also a clever man in mathematical analysis. For example, relying on his precise analysis of ohm's law, Joule's law and economics, he established important parameters of the electric lamp system, including lamp resistance. Edison's successful experience is that global approximation replaces inductive approximation; When there is no ready-made theory, experience is gained through a lot of experiments. Starting from 1883, Sperberg joined the patent, which may be regarded as a reductionist analysis method, and may no longer be Edison's thinking mode. Sperberg's important analytical contributions, including correcting Edison's main and central distribution and supply systems, formed a rebuttal to this. 1884, the development of electricity in other fields aroused Sperberg's interest. He left Edison and founded Sperberg Circuit and Motor Company. However, Schelberg, who later developed many electronic inventions, still trusted Edison who had worked with him. Another Edison's right-hand man was nikola tesla. He claimed that Edison promised him $50,000 if he successfully improved the DC generator equipment. A few months later, when he finished his work and asked for cash, Edison said, "When you become a complete American, you will like American jokes." [4] Tesla resigned immediately. This anecdote is questionable, because Tesla's salary at that time was $ 18 per week, and it took 53 years to turn the bonus into salary, which was almost equal to the company's founding capital. Tesla resigned after his request for a weekly salary of $25 was rejected (Jonnes, p 1 10). Although Tesla later accepted the Edison Award and spoke highly of Edison as an inventor and engineer, he was somewhat duplicitous. After Edison's death, Time magazine made an in-depth report on Edison's life. The only negative comment came from Tesla. He said, "He has no hobbies at all, doesn't care about all entertainment, and doesn't even have basic hygiene standards in his life." "The method he used is very inefficient and often gets half the result with half the effort. On the whole, I am an unfortunate witness. If he knows some basic theories and calculation methods, he can save 90% of his strength. He neglected elementary education and mathematics knowledge, and completely believed in the inventor's intuition and experience-based American feeling. " Edison was old, and he claimed that his biggest mistake was disrespect for Tesla and his work. [5]