Seeking new usage of punctuation marks in senior high school Chinese

Special guidance on the correct use of punctuation marks

Interpretation of test points

This test center requires students to be familiar with the types of punctuation marks, master the usage, functions and writing positions of various punctuation marks, and focus on the usage of colons, semicolons, dashes, quotation marks, question marks and the combination of labels and dots; Able to punctuate modern and classical Chinese; Right and wrong punctuation marks and missing punctuation marks can be corrected or supplemented, so that the writing is standardized and used correctly.

The ability to use punctuation marks is one of the basic skills of Chinese learning-the test of using punctuation marks in college entrance examination is generally comprehensive and skillful, with a score of 2-5. The knowledge points with the highest examination frequency in recent years are: ① the use of question marks. ② The positional relationship between quotation marks and relevant dot numbers. ③ Use periods, colons, semicolons, commas and pause symbols to indicate the level of the article. Starting from 1987, there are two forms of proposition in this test center, one is multiple-choice question, and the other is error correction question in comprehensive pragmatic question.

Sorting out knowledge points

I. Types and usage of punctuation marks

There are 16 kinds of punctuation marks, which are the latest figures of the usage of 1990 punctuation marks re-promulgated by the State Language Committee and the Press and Publication Administration. Including periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, pauses, semicolons, stomach numbers, quotation marks, brackets, dashes, ellipsis, bullets, hyphens, indirect numbers, titles and proper names.

Punctuation marks are divided into dot and label. Described separately below.

[dot]

The function of the dot is to break, which mainly indicates the pause of the sentence and the tone of the structural relationship. According to the different positions used, points can be divided into two types: the end point of a sentence and the middle point of a sentence.

1. End of sentence

Including periods, question marks and exclamation marks, indicating a big pause after a sentence is finished.

(1) period (. )

A period is used at the end of a statement to indicate a pause after the statement ends.

For example:

People all over the country, especially teenagers, should seriously study and understand the history of the motherland, especially the history since modern times.

Please close the door.

We must go back today.

Class is over.

No matter the length of the sentence, as long as the structure is complete and the meaning is independent, a period should be used after the sentence. An analytical sentence with a soothing tone (such as ②), an emphasized declarative sentence (such as ③), and sometimes a period is used when the main sentence of a single sentence expresses the declarative mood (such as ④).

2 question mark (? )

The question mark is used at the end of the sentence to indicate the interrogative tone.

For example:

Why did you come back so late today?

Who is he? Where are you from?

When using question marks, you should pay attention to the following points:

(1) rhetorical question A rhetorical question is undoubtedly a question. The former only asks and doesn't answer, and the clear meaning to be expressed is included in the question; The latter asks himself and answers himself in order to attract readers' attention, but both of them are interrogative sentences, so they all use question marks at the end of the sentence.

For example:

When the war was fierce, didn't we walk around the fields looking for weeds?

Who created the human world? It is our working people.

Although the multiple-choice question contains two or more options, it is still a complete sentence, which expresses the complete meaning, so only one question mark is used in the sentence, and the items in the sentence are separated by commas; But sometimes in order to emphasize the independence of each option, you can also add a question mark after each item.

For example:

Did she become a beggar when she went out from her fourth uncle's house, or did she go to Grandma Wei's house first and then become a beggar?

Are you going to invigilate tomorrow, or shall I?

Stand in front of them and lead them? Or stand behind them and criticize them? Or stand on the opposite side of people and oppose it?

(3) Some analytical sentences expressing euphemistic tone can also end with question marks.

For example:

Would you please move the stool a little?

Can you come here for a second?

(4) In some questions, the subject and predicate are inverted, so we should pay attention to putting the question mark at the end of the sentence.

For example:

What's the matter with you?

Although some sentences contain interrogative words (who, what, how, etc. ), they are not really asking questions, but expressing a declarative tone, so a period should be applied.

For example:

I don't know who he will meet at the station.

I'm fine, but I don't know what people think.

(3) exclamation point (! )

An exclamation point indicates a strong emotional pause at the end of a sentence.

(1) said pause at the end of the exclamatory sentence.

For example:

Once you take root, you are not afraid of being trampled, but you get up again and again and bloom dandelion!

Sing and welcome the return of Hong Kong!

(2) Sentences with strong tone and strong analysis also use exclamation marks.

For example:

Sister Xianglin, forget it!

(3) The strong rhetorical question is followed by an exclamation point.

For example:

There is nothing in the world that does not contain contradictions!

④ Exclamation marks can be used for words with heavy tone, non-subject-predicate sentences and exclamation marks with strong feelings.

For example:

Long distance love!

Airplane!

Ouch! You're going the wrong way.

⑤ After address terms, response terms, onomatopoeia words, and at the end of slogans, if you have strong feelings, also use exclamation marks.

2. Points in sentences

Including commas, semicolons, pauses and colons, indicating pauses and structural relationships in sentences.

(1) comma (,)

Indicates a pause in the middle of a sentence.

In complex sentences, commas are often used within clauses or between clauses.

For example:

The so-called memories can make people happy, but sometimes they can't help being lonely. What's the point of letting the spiritual line still hold the lonely time that has passed? But I can't forget it all. I can't forget this part at all, and it has become the source of screaming.

② When the subject of a sentence (compound words as the subject) is long, or the subject is short but needs to be emphasized, or there are modal particles behind the subject, a comma should be used after the subject.

For example:

This huge blow and unspeakable grief almost knocked Wu Jichang down.

He is our head teacher, Miss Liu.

You, really disappointing.

(3) The sentence predicate is a subject-predicate phrase, and the subject sometimes pauses, so a comma is used.

For example:

Lu Xun has long opposed this foreign stereotyped writing.

(4) When the sentence object is long, use a comma in front of it.

For example:

I remember when she was a little girl who was not sensible.

⑤ Use commas at the beginning of the sentence and after the adverbial.

For example:

In a blink of an eye, four piles of firewood on the top of the mountain are ready!

⑥ Used between inverted sentence components.

For example:

Come out, you! (verb inversion)

Around the lotus pond, there are many trees and mushrooms. (attributive postposition)

Our motherland is advancing at a high speed on the road to victory. (adverbial postposition)

⑦ Used between coordinate phrases.

For example:

Tongmuling, Huang Yangjie, Zhushachong, Bamian Mountain and Shuangmashi are the five outposts of Jinggangshan.

Pencils, erasers, electronic calculators, compasses, and plastic triangular rulers of all sizes occupy half a table. (There is a big pause because some juxtaposed components are longer.)

Rice, wheat, cotton, chemical fertilizer, oil and coal are all materials purchased and sold by the state. (Because there are different levels between items, commas are used to distinguish different parallel levels, and pauses are used to indicate the juxtaposition of various components in the same level. )

Correct use of punctuation marks

[college entrance examination simulation questions]

The correct use of punctuation in the following sentences is:

A this economic cooperation zone has a large amount of scientific and technological information, a solid industrial base, a huge market for means of subsistence and means of production, and abundant resources such as animals and plants, minerals, oceans and tourism.

B. When the sun is completely covered by the moon, compared with the looming "Haier-Popper" comet, the covered sun shines with clear mercury, and Venus and Jupiter are also in the sky.

C. In the first quarter of 1997, the publishing house reminded mail order recipients that their names and detailed addresses must be clearly written on the money order (the postscript column of the money order indicates the title of the book and the number of books purchased).

D This spring, 37 million cubic meters of river embankment heightening and river mouth closure and diversion projects will be completed in the coastal areas of our province, which is a heavy, difficult and large-scale task.

(1997 college entrance examination questions)

Test site analysis

The use of punctuation marks requires familiarity with the standard usage and standard writing of various labels and points, and correct use of punctuation marks according to semantics. Punctuation marks are not required in the college entrance examination, but they can be reflected in writing questions and are the basic ability of writing, which should not be underestimated.

[Subject Type]

First, judge the right or wrong use of punctuation marks in sentences

The usage of punctuation marks in the following sentences, the correct one is

A. After reading Byron's poems, I want to go to Spain to see if Spanish girls have black hair or blonde hair.

B: I will visit more places in China, because I think the mountains, rivers, pavilions, flowers and trees in China are the most beautiful in the world.

C. In order to standardize the performance market and actors, the Ministry of Culture recently issued the Interim Measures for the Administration of Individual Performances of Actors.

D. She said: "So many enthusiastic policemen, so many good neighborhoods, me! I want to live all my life! "

Second, punctuate sentences.

Example (2) Fill in the horizontal lines in the following paragraphs in turn. Suitable punctuation marks are

Regarding the shape of the fortress, the author only uses three sets of overlapping words to describe the situation of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

A., 、 、 。 、 。

B.: 、 、 。 ( , 。 )

C., , , 。 ( , 。 )

D.: , , 。 、 。

[college entrance examination forecast]

The use of punctuation marks focuses on distinguishing the correct use and wrong use of punctuation marks in sentences and adding punctuation marks to paragraphs. For example, in the analysis of college entrance examination simulation questions, we tested the use of quotation marks ("comet hale-bopp" is a proper noun), the use of a period with brackets, the position of the period (the brackets in a sentence are off-sentence comments, and a period should be at the end of the previous sentence), and the difference between commas and pauses ("heavy task, difficult project and large scale" is an independent clause, with commas in the middle). ) Example 1 is also a discrimination test, including misuse of question marks (item A is a declarative sentence, and question marks cannot be used), misuse of quotation marks (item C "Interim Measures for the Administration of Actors' Personal Commercial Performances" is a document, and the title is applicable), and misuse of exclamation marks (item D "I! I want to live my whole life! "It's a sentence, and you can't use an exclamation point in the middle. Example 2 requires punctuation in the statement, and item D is correct.

The usage of punctuation marks in the following sentences, the correct sentence is

A. Four famous universities in Shanghai 10 have studied abroad for more than 500 people, and only 29% of them have returned to China. Of the 360 self-funded international students, only 10 returned home.

B Excellent films attending National Day gifts, such as The Storm, Song of Youth and Lin Zexu, will also be shown in major cities.

C people still remember that Michulin conducted a plant hybridization experiment and was attacked by the priest as "how dare to turn God's orchard into a brothel."

D. this is the most proud work of the old man, the sweat of the old man for more than ten years-no, it is his concrete contribution!

[Review recommendations]

The use of punctuation marks plays an important role in expressing meaning. For example, in Item 3A of Example, the words after semicolon are the concretization of the contents before semicolon (for example), which belong to the same level. Use semicolons to change the meaning of sentences and commas. The colon in item B can only control the movies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the word "equal". And "it will also be shown in major cities" does not belong to the next level, but belongs to another level, so the colon should be removed. If the quotation marks in item C are incomplete, a period should be added outside the quotation marks. Punctuation marks in the college entrance examination cover a wide range, focusing on punctuation marks that are easy to use wrongly, and are often comprehensively examined in combination with the ideological level of sentences.

In order to use punctuation correctly, we must master the basic usage of various punctuation marks, which can be obtained by studying the National Standard for the Usage of Punctuation Marks (the appendix of the third volume of the new textbook). Some punctuation marks are easy to make mistakes, for example, question marks can't be used between clauses of complex sentences, but only at the end of sentences. Sometimes it is easy to make mistakes when using two punctuation marks at the same time. These common situations should be summarized and compared to have a clear understanding. Punctuation marks have great flexibility in use, which must be considered in combination with the ideological level of paragraphs in order to be used accurately.

[Compilation of College Entrance Examination Questions]

1. Fill in the following paragraphs in turn. The correct punctuation marks on the five labels are (199 1 year college entrance examination questions).

Engels said: "concise sentences, once understood, can be firmly remembered and become slogans;" It is absolutely impossible to have a lengthy discussion. Comrade Mao Zedong also stressed that speeches and articles should be concise. China writers of past dynasties often take "more words and less words" as the criterion for writing articles, and strive for "no words in every sentence, no long words in articles" (Jiang Kui's Poems on Baishi).

A ... "",".

B "". "" 。

c .. "","。

d ." "。 "。 "

The correct answer is B. This question examines the application of quotation marks and brackets. When using quotations, pay attention to the position of punctuation marks at the end of quotations. Always use the quoted words independently, and put the last dot in quotation marks. If the quoted content is an integral part of the sentence, that is, the quotation has no independence, and the bullet point is not needed at the end of the quoted part [question mark and exclamation point can be reserved], and the whole sentence pauses at this pause, then what bullet point should be used? Parentheses indicate comments in the text. A word in a note or supplementary explanation sentence is called a parenthesis. Must be immediately after the text of the note, there should be a pause after the text of the note, and the dot should be placed after the brackets. If the comments in brackets are punctuated, the last punctuation [except question marks and sighs] should be omitted. A note or supplementary explanation of the whole sentence is called parenthesis. If the label in brackets outside the sentence is a sentence, then the dot at the end of the sentence should be kept; If not, don't use the dot at the end of the sentence. If you master the above principles, you will choose the correct answer B.

2. One of the following punctuation marks is () (1993 college entrance examination question)

A. "What the hell is going on? Comrades. " The factory director said seriously.

B: I want to give my grandpa a haircut. Grandpa smiled: "You? There are hats on the broom-there are people everywhere. "

C. Is the basic knowledge solid or not? It has an important influence on further study in the future.

D. What about today? Or go tomorrow? I really can't make up my mind

The correct answer is that the question mark in quotation marks in B.A. should be changed to comma, and the period should be changed to question mark; The question mark in c should be changed to comma; The first question mark in d should be changed to comma.

3. The punctuation of the following sentences is correct () (1994 college entrance examination question)

A. Aunt Geng said to her son, "Dacheng, greet everyone and salute when you salute. Don't be afraid of jokes. As the saying goes,' it is not strange to be polite to many people'. "

B. After the news that an overpass will be built in the west of the city came out, many people were very concerned about how to build this overpass. What will happen to nearly a thousand trees there?

C cicada larvae appear on the ground for the first time and need to find suitable places-bushes, fences, weeds, shrub branches and so on. -molting.

D. The horse written by modern painter Xu Beihong, as some critics have said, "has both form and spirit and is full of vitality."

The correct answer is c: this question examines the difference between quotation marks and periods and the application ability of dashes, colons and question marks. The comma after "as the saying goes" in A should be deleted, because it is closely connected with the quotation behind and does not need to pause; The word "horse" should be in single quotation marks, which is the modal particle said by "Aunt Geng". The two question marks in B are not used properly. If you read a sentence in a declarative tone, you can't use either question mark. If you read it in an interrogative tone, use a question mark at the end and change the first question mark to a comma. The quotation marks in d are local quotation marks, and the period should be outside the quotation marks.

4. Among the following sentences, the sentence with correct punctuation is () (1995 college entrance examination question).

A. Three or four miles across the river is a shallow mountain, like a thin wave microwave, with soft lines and winding ups and downs, connecting Gaoyuan Mountain.

B. In the stock exchange, brokers wear red vests, and managers and service personnel wear yellow vests; This is unified all over the world.

C. He saw the advertisement in the newspaper for the summer seminar on China culture and world culture jointly sponsored by the graduate school of a university and the editorial board of China Culture, and immediately wrote to sign up.

D. "Alas!" The writer sighed: "In the world of mortals, there is a vast sea of people. Isn't it a needle in a haystack to find an unknown stranger? "

The correct answer is D. This question examines the application of pause, colon and book title. The pause in a is unnecessary, because there is no pause between approximations. The semicolon in B is not used properly, because in this sentence, there is no juxtaposition between the two layers before and after the semicolon, so the semicolon is changed to a colon (the sentence after the colon is a summary of the previous article). The title of "China Culture and World Culture Workshop" in C is incorrect, because the title is only used to indicate the title, periodical name and article name, so the title should be changed to quotation marks.

5, the use of punctuation in the following sentences, the correct sentence is () (1997 college entrance examination questions)

This economic cooperation zone is rich in technical information, solid industrial base, huge market for means of subsistence and production, and rich in resources such as animals and plants, minerals, oceans and tourism.

B. When the sun is completely covered by the moon, compared with the looming "Haier-Popper" comet, the covered sun shines with clear mercury, and Venus and Jupiter are also in the sky.

C. In the first quarter of 1997, the publishing house reminded mail order recipients that their names and detailed addresses must be clearly written on the money order (the postscript column of the money order indicates the title of the book and the number of books purchased).

D This spring, 37 million cubic meters of levee heightening and estuary closure and diversion projects will be completed in the coastal areas of our province, which is a heavy task, difficult project and large scale.

The correct answer is A. This question examines the difference between comma and semicolon, comma and pause, and the usage of quotation marks and brackets. If the quotation marks in 8 are improper, it should also cause a "comet" or simply remove it; The comma behind "next to the sun" is wrong, so it should be changed into a semicolon, which means that the two layers are juxtaposed and describe the states of Mercury, Venus and Jupiter respectively. C brackets belong to extra-sentence brackets, and a period should be added before the brackets. The pause in d should be changed to comma, which is the pause between clauses composed of three subject-predicate phrases; It is different from the pause between words in the coordinate component of A.

6. Fill in the punctuation marks underlined in the following paragraphs in turn. The appropriate group is () (1998 college entrance examination questions).

"Painting people and ghosts is superior, and stabbing greed and stabbing abuse is three points." This is a couplet inscribed by Guo Moruo for Pu Songling Memorial Hall Liaozhai Hall. "Painting people and ghosts" refers to the theme of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. "Excellence" is to evaluate Pu Songling's contribution in the history of literature; Three Points to the Bone summarizes his creative achievements. In this class today, we are going to learn his famous article (3) promoting weaving. Let's see if this evaluation is appropriate.

① ② ③ ④

A movie.

B.; " " 。

c，； 《 》 ?

d ., " " ?

The correct answer is A. This question examines the difference between commas and periods, commas and semicolons, quotation marks and book titles, and the application of question marks. (1) adding a comma or a period is not easy to grasp at the moment. It seems that each has its own reasons. You can put it down temporarily and choose another breakthrough. In the middle of the article, a complete sentence is used to analyze the connotation of couplets from three aspects. ② It is obviously wrong to use semicolons, and B and C can be excluded; (3) It is the title of the book. You should choose the title, and then exclude D; There is no doubt in the other 4, which further proves that A is correct. From the whole paragraph, a comma is added in the first place, which is more closely related to the following explanation sentence and forms the opening sentence with * * *.

Analysis and practice of punctuation marks in college entrance examination

First, punctuation is difficult.

1, period: indicates a pause at the end of the statement.

Period with brackets after the sentence (1): If the content in brackets is a supplement to the previous content, put a period after the bracket. If the sentence is a complete quotation followed by the source of the quotation, the period will be put in quotation marks:

A, "Ling is small, but tender and delicious." (Ru Zhijuan's Quiet Maternity Hospital) B. This is the earliest Panlong Temple Column in China's existing ancient buildings, which was carved in the second year of Song Yuanyou (1087).

(2) Period after quotation marks: if it is full quotation marks, that is, quotation marks are independent, and the period is enclosed in quotation marks; If the quotation is part of the text, that is, it is not an independent quotation, the period should be enclosed in quotation marks (if the quotation is placed in the middle of the sentence, no punctuation should be added). Example,

First, Lao Tzu said, "People are not afraid of death, why not?"

B, "It is better to keep the people's mouth than to keep Sichuan", and "stop slandering" makes the people "follow the road".

2. Pause: It means a small pause between juxtaposed words in a sentence.

There is no pause in the divisor in the sentence (1). For example, this porcelain has a history of five or six hundred years.

(2) There is no pause between coordinate words that don't need pause. Brothers should respect their parents.

(3) There is a pause between the preceding word and "He" or between the last two words and "He" in several parallel words. Examples, reasoning, textual research, words.

(4) If there is a question mark or exclamation mark between coordinate words, pause is no longer used.

3. Colon: indicates a pause after a suggestive statement or before a general statement.

(1) The content of the prompt is not a whole sentence, and colons cannot be used.

(2) Prompt contents are inconsistent, and colons cannot be used.

(3) If you don't want to emphasize the prompt, don't use a colon.

For example, Aunt Hua followed him and asked softly, "How are you, Xiao Shuan? Are you still just hungry? ……"

(4) No colon is needed after the prompt of "XX Shuo".

For example, "Oh, the emperor is bareheaded!" Mr. Lu Xun said.

4. Quotation marks: used to indicate the parts or words with special meaning quoted in the text.

(1) Original quotation, intentionally omitted. Example,

He said, close the door when no one is around. B, he said, "Close the door when no one is around."

(2) The quotation in the quotation uses single quotation marks. For example, Xiao Wang said that "labor can exercise people", which is correct.

(3) Others:

One stressed word: contract workers have no freedom to "do" or "not do".

B, the specific meaning: people affectionately call him "the ruler of measuring days"

C. Irony: This "civilized punishment" sometimes lasts for more than two hours.

D. Special name: Today is May Day.

E. When quoting poems, put front quotation marks at the beginning and rear quotation marks at the end of each section.

F, the quotation is an independent and complete quotation, and the punctuation at the end of the sentence is placed in quotation marks; If the quotation is part of the text, that is, it is not an independent quotation, the period should be enclosed in quotation marks (if the quotation is placed in the middle of the sentence, no punctuation should be added).

5. Question mark: indicates a pause after the question.

(1) For the questions selected in the table, put a comma in the middle of the sentence and a question mark at the end of the sentence. For example, tomorrow's trip, are you going?

(2) Used in specific questions, each question is followed by a question mark. Who can go except him? What about you? Can you go? I don't think you can go?

(3) Part of the quotation, the question mark is reserved in the following situations: As soon as you enter the classroom, you will see "Are you wasting your time?" Slogan.

6. Exclamation mark: it mainly indicates the pause at the end of the exclamatory sentence.

(1) Two exclamatory sentences are used together, followed by an exclamation point. Examples, ah! Spring is coming.

(2) Part of the quotation, add an exclamation mark in the following cases: "No smoking!" It's attached to the wall. Slogan.

7. Dashed line:

(1) is used before the comments of the text, which is similar to the function of brackets. Usually, dashes are used for more important comments and brackets are used for less important comments. For example, all this reminds people of one thing-life.

(2) The above semantic transition, transformation, progress, extension, interruption, omission, prompt and generalization. Example,

A But isn't the egret itself a beautiful song? No, this song is too loud. (turning point)

B, "That's a good painting-why are you so brave and not afraid of him?" (conversion)

C, "My friends," he said, "I-I-"(interrupted)

D, we stood in the square and affectionately called: Zhou-General-Reason-

F, friends! You love our motherland and our great leader Chairman Mao. You will love our soldiers deeply-they are really our loveliest people! (Summing up the above)

G, "If you want to say that you are a noble family,-"Peony nodded with a dignified smile.

(3) If there is a question mark or exclamation mark before the dash, it can be kept.

Like love books! -This is the source of knowledge.

8. Omitted symbols:

The number before (1) is a complete sentence, with a period: the wind is stronger. Snow, more ...

(2) Counting before is not a complete sentence, so there is no need to count: he walked into the classroom and picked up his schoolbag. ...

9. Punctuation is closely related to the meaning of a sentence (explained in practice).

[punctuation]