What is the origin of crosstalk, elegance or vulgarity, literature or market?

Crosstalk has a long traceable source and a short provable history.

It's only been more than a hundred years since Zhang Sanlu and Zhu Shaowen, but there have been some differences on the origin of cross talk. Even in just a decade or two, the origin of cross talk seems to be blurred.

from the 198s to the beginning of this century, the saying that "cross talk is a language art" was deeply rooted in people's hearts, and the audience also recognized that cross talk is an art. At that time, cross talk works did a good job in criticizing the shortcomings and being close to life, which also made the cross talk industry reach the peak of development for more than 1 years.

However, in recent ten years, people have been instilling a view into some audiences who have just come into contact with crosstalk, that is, "Crosstalk originated from vulgar market culture". Under the influence of this theory, many people think that crosstalk seems to be based on pornographic jokes and obscene jokes since its birth, which is a begging skill and a variety mainly for teasing.

Regardless of the purpose of instilling in the audience such people who tamper with the history of cross talk and discredit the views of their predecessors, it is all wrong in theory alone.

Because the origin of cross talk is not vulgar culture at all, but a language art composed of jokes, word games, speaking, learning and teasing.

First, crosstalk originated from the literary salon of intellectuals.

The crosstalk industry respects Dong Fangshuo as the granddaddy. Of course, this is an act of attachment. However, even Dong Fangshuo is the imperial minister of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and he is a senior intellectual, and he is definitely not a ruffian who can only tell yellow jokes.

There are two theories about the origin of modern cross talk. The first one is Zhang Sanlu, because the word "cross talk" was originated by him, and some of his works are still popular in the world.

According to various historical records, Zhang Sanlu was an artist who disassembled and sang the octagonal drum. The so-called disassembling and singing the octagonal drum was a folk art game of the Banners from the middle to the end of the Qing Dynasty, and it was usually performed in the hall. In today's words, this kind of church is a literary salon. The famous old cross talk piece Fenhe Bay is the music of disassembling the octagonal drum.

Zhang Sanlu once went to Tianqiao to perform as an entertainer, and made a living by talking about stand-up crosstalk. There are two stand-up crosstalk works he created that have spread to today, namely "Nine Cases" and "Thieves and Ghosts Seize the Knife", among which "Nine Cases" is particularly popular in Beijing.

According to the memories of artists who have seen Zhang Sanlu's performances, his stand-up comic dialogue has two greatest characteristics. One is to catch the punch at any time, that is, to hang up now. The other is clean mouth, that is, no dirty words and dirty jokes, so it is also welcomed by women and children.

Another story about the origin of modern cross talk is Zhu Shaowen, who is recognized as the ancestor of cross talk industry at present.

Zhu Shaowen, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, was born as a scholar and knowledgeable. After he was down and out in Beijing, he first sang opera for a living, and later changed to cross talk. It was he who first performed cross talk and began to teach his disciples to inherit art, so he was regarded as the ancestor of the cross talk industry.

Zhu Shaowen is a senior intellectual, so his cross talk performance is by no means vulgar jokes. His jokes are Zixiang, Jiangnan Wai, Bodyguard, Yellow Crane Tower and so on. In addition, he often accepted the invitation of the Wangfu to attend the church meeting and became a frequent visitor and star of the Banner Art Salon.

There are two crosstalk artists of Zhu Shaowen's generation. One is A Yantao, one of the representatives of cross talk in the Qing Dynasty. He is a flag bearer and even a rich man. He often sings Dan Xian and octagonal drums in the art salon. Because he often takes care of Zhu Shaowen at the class meeting, he is promoted by Zhu Shaowen as a teacher, and * * * respects Zhang Sanlu as a teacher.

After A Yantao's family was down and out, he also officially became a crosstalk artist, creating crosstalk such as "On Xu Zi". Among his disciples, Enxu, the grandfather of Ma Sanli, was a famous artist who went to the palace to sing Taiping lyrics for the Western Empress Dowager. He was also born in the flag bearer and learned crosstalk from the flag bearer literary salon.

Another teacher named Dai La in Zhu Shaowen is Shen Chunhe, a storyteller, who started the history of cross talk about storytelling. At that time, storytellers generally had a high level of education and were even equal to teachers in some places.

Shen Chunhe's representative works include A Private Visit to Kangxi and The King of Antiques.

Zhang Sanlu, Zhu Shaowen, A Yantao and Shen Chunhe are pioneers of modern cross talk. None of them started out with vulgar dirty jokes and dirty mouths. On the contrary, most of their cross talk art originated and spread in the hall meeting of Banners, that is, the literary salon.

activities such as pairing couples, criticizing famous works, hunting strange stories, disassembling octagonal drums, and learning to sing opera tunes at the Qiren Art Salon are the original appearance of cross talk.

second, the important origin of cross talk, the cross talk of Qing dynasty

In addition to Zhang Sanlu, Zhu Shaowen and other recognized grandfathers in the cross talk industry, the cross talk art also has a little-known origin today, the cross talk of Qing dynasty.

The so-called cross talk in Qing Dynasty has two meanings, one is elegant cross talk, and the other is that people who perform cross talk in Qing Dynasty do not make money by cross talk, but mainly entertain themselves by attending art salons or parties.

In fact, if we want to get to the bottom of the matter, the origin of Qingmen crosstalk may even be earlier than the birth of the crosstalk industry, but it was not called Qingmen crosstalk at first.

The representatives of cross talk in Qing Dynasty are Chen Yongquan's grandfather Zhong Ziliang, Chen Yongquan's father Chen Zizhen, Xie Jin's great-grandfather Xie Ruizhi, Gao Yufeng, Tan Boru and others.

The representative works of cross talk in Qing Dynasty include Eight Cats, Five Red Pictures, Five-element Poems, Selling Five Instruments, Eight Major Careers, Boasting Houses, Couplets of Spring Festival couplets, etc. It can be said that they are basically relatively artistic works.

The cross talk of Qing Dynasty corresponds to the cross talk of Hunmen. Literally, it seems that the cross talk of Hunmen is mainly about dirty jokes. Actually, it's not, because the cross talk of Qing Dynasty merged with the cross talk of Hunmen in the development process, and the cross talk artists of Hunmen also said cross talk jokes of Qing Dynasty. In the end, only one Chen Yongquan family was left in the authentic cross talk of Qing Dynasty.

In the subsequent development of cross talk industry, the style of cross talk in Qingmen remained, but the name changed, and it was civilized cross talk.

Third, the process of cross talk development and growth depends on civilized cross talk

Since the late Qing Dynasty, with the social turmoil, the cross talk industry has grown. This development and growth process has two development directions, one is horizontal and the other is vertical.

The horizontal development means that more people join the cross talk industry, among which there are many cross talk artists who tell dirty jokes and smelly baggage. They have created many cross talk jokes to a considerable extent, such as "That Night", "Beating the tortoise with a stick" and "Straight neck", and so on. From the literal point of view, we can guess the general content. This is what some people now call "the original appearance of cross talk".

After liberation, the unhealthy crosstalk was abandoned by the crosstalk reform group, which was mainly composed of Hou Baolin Sun Yukui and others. Now some people still say that Hou Baolin and others abandoned the essence of crosstalk, leaving behind "dross" like Guan Gong vs Qin Qiong and Empty City Plan, which is really a great record in the world.

The vertical development of crosstalk industry is mainly the development of civilized crosstalk.

Since the Eight Virtues of Xiangsheng, the cross talk industry has entered a period of rapid development. During the development process, it has gone through several periods, and each period has different representatives, such as Li Deyang, Zhang Shouchen, Hou Baolin, Ma Sanli, Ma Ji and others. The similarities of these representatives are all civilized cross talk.

Like Li Deyang and Zhang Shouchen, they often go to meetings of high officials and dignitaries, and it is impossible to say vulgar jokes at these meetings. Zhang Shouchen almost smashed the pot when he said something dark and smelly at Zhang Xueliang's meeting.

At the same time, crosstalk artists began to enter professional performance places on a large scale, such as theaters, tea houses and other places, including emerging radio stations. In these places, crosstalk artists can also say civilized crosstalk, not vulgar jokes.

For example, Qiming Tea House, founded by Chang Lianan, a cross talk master, has a big sign hanging directly at its gate: Civilized Cross Talk. Hou Baolin became an instant hit in Tianjin, relying on civilized cross talk. Many celebrities and intellectuals are his fans.

The five most popular cross talks in Tianjin are all about civilized cross talks, and none of them became famous by telling dirty jokes.

After liberation, civilized cross talk completely occupied the cross talk stage, and obscene jokes completely disappeared.

Therefore, from the development process of crosstalk industry, vulgar culture has never been the mainstream of crosstalk industry, and civilized crosstalk is the foundation for the development of crosstalk industry.

to put it simply, why does civilized cross talk defeat vulgar jokes? It's very simple. Vulgar jokes can only be told to peddlers and pawns on the street, but women and children can't listen to them.

The civilized cross talk can not only enter the teahouse theater, but also go to the radio station. The works that are appreciated by refined and popular people have a wider audience, and the artists make more money.

Therefore, it is not only in line with the law of artistic development, but also in line with the law of social development and commercial competition that civilized cross talk defeats vulgar jokes.

to sum up, vulgar jokes have never been the mainstream, no matter the origin or the process of cross talk. Crosstalk is a language art, which is not only a summary of art but also a summary of the history of cross talk.

The highest level of crosstalk works is not the so-called elegance, but the appreciation of elegance and vulgarity. This "vulgarity" is popular and not vulgar.

The works of predecessors such as Ma Sanli, Hou Baolin, Guo Rongqi and Liu Baorui are all the same. The works of modern crosstalk representatives such as Ma Ji, Jiang Kun, Niu Niu, Feng Gong, Hou Yaowen and Li Jindou can also be appreciated in elegance and vulgarity.

To appreciate elegance and vulgarity, not only do crosstalk artists have profound cultural skills, but more importantly, they have a tireless pursuit of art. After all, the threshold of crosstalk art is very high, which can never be achieved by extracting a few jokes on the Internet.

Some artists don't have the patience to polish their art, or even the idea of pinching their works, so their works will be far from the realm of appreciating elegance and vulgarity.

what if you can't reach art? Then we should tamper with the history of cross talk, modify the origin of cross talk art, describe cross talk art as vulgar culture, lower the standard of language art infinitely, and brainwash fans who don't understand cross talk, so as to cover up the reality that some artists, Jiang Lang, have no talent to fill in the blanks.

Crosstalk, a language art, is written on the grave of the ancestor of Crosstalk.