What is the name of the imperial examination?

Question 1: What does it mean to pass the imperial examination (2 words)?

...

Question 2: Ancient imperial examination, high school , whatever the name is, if the name is successful, it will be called a student (scholar, husband), if not, it will still be a child student.

Tongsheng Examination:

Also called "Tongsheng Examination", candidates regardless of age are called Tongsheng. Those who pass the examination (first- and second-class students with excellent academic performance) will obtain the title of "Tongsheng" (Tongsheng). Scholars, Xianggong) qualifications, so that they can take part in the imperial examination.

Provincial examination:

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, an examination was held every three years in various provincial capitals. Scholars participated. Those who passed the examination were called Juren, and those who passed the examination were called Juren. qualifications. The first name is Jie Yuan.

National examination:

An examination held every three years in the capital during the Ming and Qing dynasties (the national examination was held in the second year of the provincial examination). It was open to candidates from all provinces and Imperial College students. After taking the exam, three hundred were admitted as Gongshi (also known as Chinese Jinshi), and the first one was named Huiyuan.

Imperial examination:

It is the highest level examination in the imperial examination system. The imperial examination questions are prepared by the cabinet and then submitted to the emperor for selection. Sometimes the reader would prepare the text in advance and then send it to the emperor for delineation, or the emperor would directly draft the topic. The questions in the palace examination were originally Ce questions, and later changed to poems and poems. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they were still mainly Ce questions. Admissions are divided into the top three, and the title of "Jinshi and the first place" is given. The first is called the number one scholar (Ding Yuan), the second is called the second place, and the third is Tanfa, collectively called the "three top Ding"; several people in the second class are given the title of "Jinshi origin" title; several top three names were given the title of "from the same Jinshi background".

Question 3: How many points are there in the imperial examination? What are they called after passing the exam? Contents of the imperial examination

Sui, Tang, Song

The imperial examination during the Sui Dynasty was divided into two subjects, one was called Ming Jing and the other was called Jinshi. Although the number of subjects was greatly increased in the Tang Dynasty, Ming Jing and Jinshi were still the main subjects for selecting officials.

The main examination contents of Ming Jing Ke include Tie Jing and Mo Yi. Tie Jing is a bit like filling in modern exams. The test questions usually excerpt a sentence from the scriptures and cover up a few words. The candidates need to fill in the missing words; as for Mo Yi, they are some questions and answers about the scriptures. The Jinshi examination mainly requires candidates to compose poems and rhymes on specific topics, and sometimes also add scriptures.

After the Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, the status of the Jinshi subject gradually surpassed that of the Ming Jing and became the only important subject in the imperial examination. The main reason for this phenomenon is that Jinshi candidates need to be creative in order to pass, while Mingjing candidates only need to study the scriptures thoroughly to pass. Moreover, the selection criteria for Jinshi subjects are very strict, and the number of people admitted is often only one-tenth of those for Mingjing subjects. There was a saying at that time: "Thirty old Ming Jing, fifty young Jinshi", which expresses the difficulty of the Jinshi subject.

In addition, starting from the Wu Zetian era, martial arts examinations were also established to select military attachés.

The content of the imperial examinations in most of the Song Dynasty was not much different from that in the Tang Dynasty. However, when Wang Anshi was in power, he reformed the imperial examination system and canceled the examinations such as Tie Jing, Mo Yi and Shi Fu. The examination content is based on Jingyi (interpretation of the classics), Commentary (comments on the current situation) and Strategies (proposing solutions to current problems). However, Su Shi and others raised strong objections to this reform.

Yuan Dynasty

Although the imperial examinations in the Yuan Dynasty had little impact on its own rule, its content had significant changes. The first is that the imperial examination is no longer divided into subjects, and scholars are selected exclusively through the Jinshi subject. The second is that the designated reading materials for the exam have changed. The new rule is that if the content of the examination of classics and meanings includes the Four Books, the "Collected Commentary on the Four Books" written by Zhu Xi will be used as the main basis.

These two changes did not disappear with the Yuan Dynasty, but became the basis of the eight-part essay in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Ming and Qing dynasties

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial examinations in both the rural examination and the general examination were based on the content of the Four Books, requiring candidates to explain the meaning of the scriptures in the tone of the ancients and "to speak for the saints." Answer in eight-part essay. Eight-legged essays have many formatting requirements and are extremely formal.

Only when the final level of the imperial examination is reached, the palace examination used to determine the ranking will be changed to the current affairs policy question. However, the content of candidates' answers was often not important. Emperors of the Qing Dynasty were accustomed to using calligraphy to determine the ranking of the palace examination.

Those who are keen on imperial examinations only know the Four Books and Five Classics, and all other knowledge has become "miscellaneous knowledge". Many scholars are ignorant of everything. The Scholars, a novel that satirizes the imperial examinations, records such a joke: Someone joked to the Ming Dynasty's Jinshi: "Now if Su Shi from Sichuan takes the exam, his essay will only be in the sixth grade." - replied, "Since Su Shi's writing is not good, it's okay if he fails the exam." It turned out that he didn't even know who Su Shi was.

Even for the content of the Four Books and Five Classics, the imperial examination only required following the ideas of the predecessors and using gorgeous words to write beautiful articles that fit the format; it did not require independent thinking or innovative insights. The actual knowledge and talents of the candidates are ignored under the requirements of the eight-part essay. As a result, many candidates simply abandoned the Four Books and Five Classics and devoted themselves to studying the selected eight-legged essay model called "Tie Kuo" designed for the examination. At that time, some people called the eight-part essay a "stepping stone", which meant that after gaining fame, it could be discarded like a waste. Some people once considered the Eight-part essay, "opium" and "foot-binding" to be the three major evils that poisoned the Chinese people.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the two masters and apprentices, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, who advocated the abolition of imperial examinations, can be regarded as a typical example of a pair of talents and exam results.

Liang Qichao entered school at the age of twelve and became a scholar. At the age of seventeen, he was elected as a prodigy and was considered a success in the imperial examination. However, after Liang Qichao passed the imperial examination, he thought that he "didn't know that there was any so-called classics and history besides Tie Kuo." When he met Kang Youwei, he realized that he knew nothing about it. Instead, he wanted to worship the old scholar Kang Youwei as his teacher. On the contrary, Kang Youwei came from a scholarly family, with a son-in-law in his family, and he was familiar with ancient and modern classics in classics and history at a young age. Although Kang Youwei was well-known in Nanhai, Guangdong, he became a scholar at the age of sixteen. After receiving the status of Gongsheng, he failed to pass the provincial examination in six tests and was frustrated in the examination room for twenty years. When he was thirty-six years old, his fortune turned out to be successful, and he was able to go to Beijing to take the examination with his apprentice Liang Qichao. In the end, he ranked first in the examination and his younger brother became Huiyuan, a high school Jinshi.

The Chinese scientific system is a basic system for selecting officials through examinations in Chinese history. It originated from the Han Dynasty, was founded in the Sui Dynasty, was established in the Tang Dynasty, was completed in the Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties, was abolished in the late Qing Dynasty, and went through the Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. According to historical records, from the imperial examination in the first year of the Sui Dynasty (605) to the 31st year of Guangxu (1905)...gt;gt;

Question 4: Imperial Examination What are people who passed the provincial examination called the rural examination? The provincial examination was an imperial examination held in provincial capitals and capitals during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. As usual, it is held every three years. In the year of Ziwu and Maoyou, it is the Zhengke exam. When there is a happy event for the royal family, the exam is called Enke. , supervisory students, and tribute students can participate. The exam is usually held in August, so it is called the "Autumn Exam". The exams are divided into three sessions based on the Four Books and Five Classics, Ce Questions and Poems, each lasting three days. Before the Yuan Dynasty, the word "juren" referred to scholars from various places who came to Beijing to participate in the joint examination; by the Ming Dynasty, it became a special name for scholars who passed the provincial examination. The first person in the provincial examination is named Jieyuan, and those who become scholars are qualified to enter the higher-level examination.

Question 5: What test did someone pass in the imperial examination? In the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were Jinshi subjects, and those who had been admitted to the imperial examination were generally called Juren.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, those who passed the provincial examination were called juren. Juren can participate in the examination held every three years in the capital. Those who pass the examination are called Gongshi, and those who pass the palace examination are called Jinshi.

Question 6: Regarding the stages of the later examinations of the imperial examination system, what are the names of the successful candidates? Examination Procedures The examinations for Jinshi subjects in the Tang Dynasty were basically held every year. Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Xining, imitated the idea of ??a three-year competition in the Zhou Dynasty and set it as a test every three years. In the seventeenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1384), it was again stipulated to be held every three years, and it became customary from then on to the end of the Qing Dynasty.

The examination procedures are divided into local examinations, provincial examinations and central examinations.

Local examinations are called college examinations.

Candidates must first take the county examination and the government examination, and then take the college examination hosted by Xuedao (or Xuezheng, Xuetai) sent by the central government to each province. Those who are admitted in the college examination will become students of the local county school (prefecture school or government school), that is, scholar.

Scholars are tested once a year by the academic administration, which is called the annual examination. In the year before the Great Competition, the scientific examination will be held under the auspices of the academic administration. The top three in the first, second and third place in the scientific examination will be allowed to participate in the provincial examination held in the provincial capital the following year. The rural examination is held in the years of Zi, Mao, Wu and You. Those who are admitted in the provincial examination are called Juren, and the first-placed candidates are called Jieyuan. Candidates can go to Beijing to take the examination held by the central government in the second year.

The first step of the central examination is the examination held in the Ministry of Rites, which is held in March of the Chou, Chen, Wei and Xu years. Those who win the examination are called Gongshi, or Chinese-style Jinshi, and the first one is called Huiyuan. After the examination, the palace examination will be held on April 21st. All Gongshi participated in the palace examination, which only tested policy questions. They were divided into top three (third class) according to their results. Three people in the first class were called "Jinshis", some people in the second class were "Jinshi origins", and some people in the third class were "born with the same Jinshi". The first person in Yijia is called the top scholar. If you get the first place in the provincial examination, the general examination, and the palace examination (Jieyuan, Huiyuan, Zhuangyuan), it is commonly known as "three consecutive wins." The first and second place is ranked second, and the third place is ranked third overall. Collectively known as Sandingjia.

Question 7: What does the Chinese version of the imperial examination mean? 1. It means "passed the imperial examination". "History of the Ming Dynasty? Election Records 2": "The three-year competition is based on the direct examination of all students, called the rural examination, and the Chinese-style examination is the examiner."

2. Introduction

The imperial examination is Officials are selected through examinations. Because the method of selecting scholars by subject was adopted, it was called the imperial examination. It has three distinctive features: it has subject-based examinations, the power to select officers belongs to the central government, it allows free application (that is, "self-recommendation to the state and county with a ultimatum", which is different from the "other recommendation" of the imperial examination system), and it is mainly based on performance. The imperial examination system was implemented from the first year of Daye in the Sui Dynasty (605) to the 31st year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1905) when the last Jinshi examination was held, which lasted 1,300 years.

3. The impact of the imperial examination system

Positive impact: breaking the privilege monopoly of aristocratic families; improving the quality of officials and administrative efficiency; ensuring the source of administrative personnel and expanding the basis of rule ; Promotes social stability; is conducive to social fairness and justice; is conducive to the formation of a culture of emphasis on learning.

Negative impact: Confucianism becomes a tool for rulers to enslave their subjects; the bureaucracy has grown, but the talent pool engaged in scientific and technological research has been relatively weak.

Question 8: What is the pole called when passing the imperial examination? A mast. Masts are a product of the imperial examination system in ancient my country's feudal society. In ancient times, once someone obtained a good name, they could build two masts symmetrically on the left and right of the front door of their home.

Each mast can be pitted, and the number of poles is very regulated. If you pass the exam, you can only pit one pole, which is called a "single pole". If you are a Jinshi, you can set up two buckets, which is called "double bucket mast". That is to say, the folk saying is: one bucket is for the promotion of people, and the second bucket is for the Jinshi.

According to research, masts are mostly erected in family ancestral temples, in front of houses or in front of mausoleums. They are generally about 5 to 6 meters high, and can reach more than 10 meters in height. The bases are divided into four-corner, hexagonal and octagonal styles. Scholar bases It is chiselled into four corners, and those with six corners are those with Jinshi and fourth-rank officials and above with octagonal shapes. The base of the mast is octagonal, the shaft is round, and the tail gradually tapers. The flagpole stone is generally used to display merit for scholars, and the prototype of the stone mast is a pen.

Question 9: What are the names of each level in the imperial examination? Imperial Examination Officer

Rural Examination (the admitted candidate is called Juren, and the first name is Jieyuan)

The imperial examination (the admitted ones are called Gongsheng students, and the first one is called Huiyuan)

The palace examination (the admitted ones are called Jinshi, the first one is called the number one scholar, the second one is called the second one, and the third one is called Hui Yuan)