Tong Guan in A Dream of Red Mansions was actually the first eunuch to go abroad in the ancient history of China.

Among the eunuchs of past dynasties, Tong Guan was "the first in history". Together with Qiu Wei, he led the Privy Council and took over the military power of the whole country. He is the most powerful eunuch in history. He fought for 20 years and was the eunuch with the longest military power in history. He was the first eunuch to represent Liao in history. Because of his work, he was made king of Yang Guangjun, and he was also the first eunuch to be awarded this title in history. If you count "infamy", I'm afraid Tong Guan is the eunuch with the most infamy after death.

Whether it is official history or unofficial history, whether it is official or private, Tong Guan is the target of public criticism. Someone said, "It's a good strategy to stay mentally and self-sufficient in the palace, little finger, the first thing." He said he would invite, considerate and kind. This evaluation is true. Tong Guan presided over the Jin Ming branch of Hangzhou government as an official, looking for precious calligraphy and painting, jewelry and flower stones for Song Huizong. The beauty of the world, the victory of ancient and modern times, should be found by Huaihe River and Bianhe River, and transported to Beijing for Song Huizong to squander and enjoy, thus winning Song Huizong's trust and love.

In unofficial history's notes in the Song Dynasty, many jokes mocking Tong Guan were made up, which made people laugh. According to records, Wang Mingqing in the Southern Song Dynasty appointed Tong Guan as the chief military attache of Xihe Huanglan Road and Qin Feng Road, and was the highest military attache in the northwest front line of the Song Dynasty during the Chongning period in Song Huizong. These parties will greet, send and coax donkeys, but only under the escort of children. But among many frontier generals, Qian Ang, a guard named Qingfeng Road from Qin Zhou, was quite disdainful, which made Tong Dashuai very unhappy and always wanted to find opportunities to ridicule him.

One day, Tong Guan went to Qin Zhou, deliberately stalling for time. Qian Ang waited for a long time, and finally waited until Tong Dashuai came in person and asked, "Why did Tong Dashuai come so late?" Qian Ang is short, and Tong Guan replied with a pun: "The donkey I rode today is small and stubborn, and it is difficult to control, so it is already late." Qian Ang asked stupidly, "Is Qiu riding a donkey?" Tong Guan said, "Donkeys, of course." Qian Ang laughed and retorted punfully: "Since Qiu is not good at this, it is better to castrate this' male donkey'!" Be furious with Tong Guan.

In order to recover Yanjing, Song Huizong made Tong Guan king of Yang Guangjun. Sealing the eunuch king is tantamount to throwing a blockbuster at the officialdom of the Northern Song Dynasty, which is dominated by orthodoxy. There are many discussions at home and abroad. Many scholars not only participate in the discussion, but also joke, write limerick and condemn with a smile. In Zhang Zhifu, a contemporary of Tong Guan, a literati wrote a jingle: "There are 100,000 songs in Changle Potou, and the next mother-in-law is in Biyou Building." Now, I feel like a slave. I listen to Rong Yuan's lectures in the evening. "Laughing at the" gaffes "led by eunuchs was handed down as a joke.

Chen Dong, a disciple of imperial academy, almost expressed the common aspiration of scholars at that time. At the end of Xu Qi, Jin Jun soldiers went south in two ways, surrounded Taiyuan and attacked Yanjing, which was on the verge of extinction. Chen Dong remained calm in the face of the crisis, and signed a letter with other university students to the Song Qinzong Municipal Government, saying: "What happened today is in Cai Jing, and Liang Shicheng is full of tricks. Li Yan is in the northwest, Jyugo is in the southeast, and Wang Fu and Tong Guan are in Liaojin, forming a gap. It is advisable to kill six thieves, and the first four thank the world. " Chen Dong blamed the invasion of foreign enemies on the "six thieves", and Tong Guan was accused of "making enemies with Liao and Jin and creating estrangement"

In contrast, ordinary people swear directly. At that time, Tong Guan and Cai Jing dominated the state affairs, and North Korean officials at all levels were either from Tongmen or Caimen. Treacherous court officials are in power, and the people are in trouble. Wu Song's Record of the Waves recorded the folk song at that time: "It's a good world to throw vegetables in a broken bucket!" Tong Guan and Cai Jing were listed as the first traitors and villains.

For Tong Guan, the most comprehensive is Song Qinzong's letters. According to Xu's Book of Books, in March of the first year of Jingkang, before Tong Guan died, he committed Tong Guan's top ten sins several times: "The first time was Zhu Qihua's stone; Lead Zhao Liangsi to destroy the Khitan; Repair fu palace, etc. I am in the East Palace, and I am constantly shaking; There are different languages when conferring titles; Don't die; Staying is not an order; Tokyo is surrounded and smells bad; There are illegal things at home; Privately raise the dead. " The superposition of ten deadly sins is really outrageous. So Song Qinzong's letter said that Tong Guan was "guilty" and he was not good at supervising admonitions and starry nights in Zhang Zheng. In July of that year, he caught up with Tong Guan, who was about to be demoted, beheaded in Nanxiong County, and immediately came back with his head.

There are conclusions, unofficial history's comments, folk curses and one-sided public opinion, which have become Tong Guan's "eternal infamy". When future generations mention Tong Guan, they will turn pale. For example, Zhao Gao and Cao Cao are typical examples of treacherous court officials' mistakes. However, after careful study of historical materials, reflection, comparison and contrast, we will find that Tong Guan is not as evil as Cao's "Ruling traitors in troubled times" or Zhao's "forcing the palace to kill Reese". His behavior is very similar to that of Cai Jing. He is a "genius clown", with a little talent and a little betrayal.

From 0755 to 79000, we can find at least two major contributions to Tong Guan's military life during the Zhao and Song Dynasties: externally, Tong Guan defeated Xixia and Tubo, and recovered large areas of lost land such as Huangzhou, Shanshan, Shuozhou, Shi Jun and Zhou Tao, which was one of the few victories in the foreign war in the Northern Song Dynasty and eliminated the military pressure in the northwest; At home, as the special envoy of Fu Xuan, he led 6.5438+0.5 million troops into Zhejiang, suppressed the peasant uprising in Fang La, captured Fang La alive, and won a great victory.

Generally speaking, for more than twenty years, Tong Guan has won and lost in countless wars; In the diplomatic mediation with Xia, Liao and Jin countries, there are gains and losses; In the process of assisting Song Huizong, he made great contributions. There are three main reasons for his notoriety: First, eunuchs are in power. In the imperial era, eunuchs seized power, just like the harem, which was an act of joy and disturbing their views. They did things that did not belong to him and were looked down upon by others; Second, get cold feet.

In the seventh year of Xu, Jin Daju marched south. As the commander-in-chief of the army stationed in Taiyuan, Tong Guan fled back to the capital without considering resistance and led the herdsmen forward; Third, pay the price for Song Huizong's crimes. In those years when Song Huizong was in power, he was brutally exploited at home, fighting with others and enjoying himself, which led to the outbreak of public discontent, which led to the attack at home and abroad, and finally the country perished. Of course, the chief culprit of national subjugation is Song Huizong, known as "Dao Jun". However, in the imperial era with Confucian culture as the background and conventional ethics as the core, there was no pursuit of imperial behavior habits and theoretical basis. However, when this country is destroyed in this way, someone has to "pay" for it. As a result, Tong Guan, the eunuch accused of helping others, became Song Huizong's "scapegoat" and was spurned for thousands of years.