In White Deer Plain by Chen, which historical figure is Mr. Zhu in reality?

In fact, Mr. Zhu in the novel "White Deer Plain" has a prototype, that is, Niu Zhaolian, the last descendant and Guanzhong genius.

There is a very simple introduction about Niu Caizi in Baidu Encyclopedia: Niu Zhaolian (1867 ~ 1937), whose real name is Dream Week, whose real name is Lanchuan. He was a native of Lantian County, Xi, and a scholar of Guanzhong University in the late Qing Dynasty. When I was a child, I read it as a poem, and later I became a disciple of He, a famous Neo-Confucianism master in Sanyuan. In the tenth year of Guangxu (1884), he studied in Guanzhong Academy, and in the twelfth year of Guangxu (1886), he was recruited as a teacher.

He gave lectures at Lantian Yun Ge College and Sanyuan Liu Qing College, and later generations were honored as Mr. Lanchuan. After the Revolution of 1911, he claimed to be a believer. 1July, 937, the Lugouqiao Incident broke out and died. Niu Zhaolian is the author of four volumes of Lu's suicide note, 16 Biography and 14 Jin Lei Bian. He is also the editor-in-chief of Continued Records of Lantian County.

Judging from such a simple text introduction, Niu Caizi is a scholar and a teacher. He is quite famous in Guanzhong land. Academics called him the last descendant of Guan Xue, and some even called him a "fortuneteller".

all one's life

1867, Niu Zhaolian was born in Xinjie Village, Hua Xu Town, Lantian County, Xi. It is said that when he was born, his father Niu Wenbo dreamed that the Song Dynasty philosopher "Mr. Lian Xi" Zhou Dunyi came home and named his son "Zhao Lian" with the word "dream week". Niu Wenbo also studied for several years. Because his family was poor, he dropped out of school to do business, so he attached great importance to his children's education.

Niu Zhaolian was a famous "prodigy" in the village when he was a child. 2/kloc was admitted to a quota when he was 0/year old, but he didn't go to Beijing to take the exam because he had to support his parents. At the age of 26, he went north to Sanyuan County and studied under the philosopher He. Mr. He mentioned it. He said it was my mother's order (my father was dead at that time), and my mother didn't expect anything else, as long as I learned to be a good person. Mr. He instructed him to take the road of Neo-Confucianism and devoted himself to Confucianism.

The Guanzhong school of Confucianism pays attention to learning from things, applying what they have learned, and has a positive spirit of joining the WTO. Niu Zhaolian has also pursued the principle of "learning to be an excellent official" all his life, being responsive and noble in character. /kloc-during the period of 0/900, there was a great famine in Guanzhong, and Niu Zhaolian took the initiative to preside over the disaster relief affairs in Lantian County, doing things very honestly. His son wanted to find a job in the relief bureau and earn a small salary to support his family, but Niu Zhaolian refused.

1893, he went to Mihara to worship He Fuzhai (Rui Lin) as a teacher and said, "I hope I can learn to be a good person, but he doesn't expect it!"! Mr. He Yi is filial and sincere. Throughout his life, Mr. Wang pursued the principle of "learning to be excellent and being an official", and he was self-sufficient in cloth and clothing, regardless of honor and benefit. He regards Geng Jie as an honest and self-controlled person, who is integrated with the ice and snow. He devoted himself to the study of Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, was proficient in the Book of Changes, was good at logical reasoning and farsighted, and was called a "saint".

Teacher Wang devoted himself to education all his life, with countless students. Throughout his life, Mr. Wang has been pursuing a secluded life, and he can live in troubled times. For the sake of the national economy and people's livelihood, he often runs around regardless of his personal safety, making his life full of legends.

In the eighth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1882), he took the county examination and ranked first. In the tenth year of Guangxu (1884), he went to Guanzhong Academy to study, and then he went to Zhixue Zhai, specializing in Confucian classics. In the second year, he served as the director of Zhixue Zhai. Because of his wide hobbies, he has read books on military affairs, agriculture, currency, valleys, water conservancy and arithmetic. 1886 recruited catering students and was hired as a teacher.

In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), Bai Jingwei gave lectures in Guanzhong Academy, under the tutelage of Li Jupu, Huang and others. The following year, he won the 28th place in the rural examination. Later, because his parents were ill, he couldn't go to Beijing to take the exam. As a rule, he should be removed from the list. The Governor of Shaanxi asked the court to pardon Lian Xiao's crimes and awarded him the title of Minister of Books in the Cabinet. But he doesn't care about fame and fortune, so he said.

In the 16th year of Guangxu (1890), he was the president of Baishui Academy and began to study Zhu Xi. Therefore, in the 19th year (1893), he went to Sanyuan to worship He Fuzhai as a teacher.

In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), he managed the Liya Bureau of Lantian County, and later presided over the County Relief Bureau. He is honest and clean, personally formulates rules and regulations, takes the lead in implementing them, and is strict with his subordinates. When there was a great disaster in Shaanxi, the harvest dropped sharply. Niu called for social mutual assistance and was donated by Jiangnan Charity Association, which saved many lives. Later, he resigned because of his aversion to official entertainment, and he learned to speak in Yun Ge.

In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (190 1), the Qing government set up special economic courses and selected specialized talents. Shaanxi Governor Sheng promised to recommend oxen, and presented them with travel expenses, urging oxen to visit Beijing. But he quit because he majored in classics and history and didn't understand economics.

In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Shaanxi No.1 Normal School was rebuilt and Niu was appointed as the general teacher. Urge him to do it six or seven times in a year. He thinks he is determined to learn and can't associate with officials. Because he can't learn anything new, he thanks him politely. Finally, the governor sent someone to drive to the door with the power of attorney and money, and then reluctantly left with him. However, three months later, due to the opinions of the school portal, he resolutely resigned and still managed Neo-Confucianism in Zhu Cheng.

In the autumn of Guangxu thirty-three years (1907), Niu was elected as a member of the Advisory Council, and later became a resident member.

At this time, opium smoke in Guanzhong was once again harmful, and he stayed in Xifu area, where the smoke was the most harmful, for 20 days, which effectively promoted the smoking ban in this area. Soon, due to the corruption of the Manchu government, he resigned as a permanent member and gave lectures at Luzhai Academy.

After the victory of the Revolution of 1911, the new government repeatedly called on him to take part in the revolution and do business. However, he didn't know much about the revolution, thinking that he had long been divorced from the Qing monarch and subjects, and refused every time on the grounds of poor health.

19 12 At the beginning of the year, the former governor of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia led an attack on Shaanxi in an attempt to restore the imperial dynasty. Regardless of personal safety, Niu walked out of the western ritual spring from the people's livelihood and the general trend of the current situation, and stopped fighting. Since then, he has devoted himself to giving lectures in Lu Qing Academy, taking promoting Confucianism as his own responsibility, attracting more and more scholars.

After Yang Hucheng became the chairman of Shaanxi Province, he sent more than a dozen gentlemen from Lantian County, including Cao, to hire Niu as a consultant with letters of appointment and betrothal gifts, and refused.

1926, warlords scuffled, and Mr. Lanchuan said: Great disaster in the Central Plains, small disaster in Qin State, and small disaster in rural areas. If heaven cares about the sufferings of the people, it will not teach climbing to build great men.

1930, the Japanese aggressors' ambitions first appeared. Mr. Wang is extremely indignant at the government's blind surrender and internal slaughter. Write down the poem "I tell you clearly", stating that the enemy is at hand, unite and coexist, call for unity, and stop fighting.

In the September 18th Incident of 193 1, Niu was filled with indignation. He reduced his appetite for a few months for patriotism and actively advocated boycotting Japanese goods. He encouraged students to love their country and save the country by saying "Angry at the Ocean" and wrote a poem "The Ballad of the Great Wall". Call on everyone to go to the national disaster and unite to resist aggression. Advocate boycotting Japanese goods and reducing food consumption in March.

1936 after the peaceful settlement of the Xi incident, he was extremely moved, thinking that "the whole people unite against the enemy and the Chinese nation will be revived" and personally organized 300 soldiers to join the army and serve the battlefield.

1937 After the Lugouqiao Incident broke out in July, the Japanese army sent eight more divisions to China to prepare for a massive attack on North China. Niu Zhaolian, who was ill in bed, was in pain after hearing the news, and her condition became more and more serious. July 2 1 He died in anger.

Extended data

In the novel White Deer Plain, Mr. Zhu is definitely a figure that cannot be ignored. After learning about the life of Niu Caizi, the reporter found that there were not many elements fabricated by writers, and many of his life stories overlapped with Mr. Zhu. For example, when Niu Caizi was 22 years old, being the top scholar in the exam was to raise people. When he was about to go to Beijing to participate in the Jinshi expedition, his father died of illness and he didn't go to the car to be filial. At that time, the governor of Shaanxi promoted his knowledge, recommended the court and entrusted him with a heavy responsibility, which was also rejected by Niu Caizi.

He studied Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism and studied hard. He worked as a teacher all his life, but he also pleaded for the people and distributed food for disaster relief during the great famine in Guanzhong. He practiced, destroyed tobacco seedlings and banned opium; In order to save lives, he persuaded Yun Sheng to save the ancient city Xi from the disaster of war. Knowing that the Japanese invaders invaded Shanhaiguan, they urgently recruited more than 500 volunteers, electrified the whole country and announced that they would go to the front to fight against Japan. ...

The great-grandson of Niu Caizi told the truth: "When Mr. Zhu was portrayed by Mr. Chen, he stayed in Lantian Archives for a long time and consulted too many life stories of Niu Caizi. Basically, he portrayed this character according to the deeds of the old gentleman (the rich man), with almost no exaggeration, but in an artistic way. Even the words' Niu' and' Zhu' can show the author's intention. "

There is an anecdote about Mr. Zhu in the novel. The only time Mr. Zhu gave a lecture on a southern tour, he was disappointed on impulse and was laughed at by literati for wearing homespun. At the same time, Qin's heavy voice was incompatible with the gentle tone of the south and was laughed at.

In the book "Walking into the White Deer Plain-Textual Research and Revealing" written by Bian Shoutang, the reporter saw the experience of Niu Caizi: 19 17 Spring, Niu Zhaolian and Zhai were invited to travel around the country, went to Qufu and Zouxian in Shandong Province, and paid a visit to Confucius and Mencius Temple; Then go south to Jinling and east to Shanghai. This trip was intended to give lectures to friends in the south, but due to the differences in Taoism, language barriers and outdated costumes, southerners laughed at it and returned to China in anger.

When I arrived in Huayin, I swam to Huashan and climbed to the top of the mountain, and my heart was not happy. I wrote the poem "Climbing Mount Hua": "I broke through the white clouds and rushed to the sky, and the water on the pond dissolved, and the mountain went out in the air. The pillar of the world is this peak. " This poem was later included in the novel White Deer Plain, which was written by Mr. Zhu when he returned from his southern tour.

Niu Junshi told reporters: "Teacher Chen (loyalty) once said that in fact, the most difficult character in the novel is Teacher Zhu, and he is under great pressure. Because there is a prototype of Niu Caizi and it is quite famous in Guanzhong, I am afraid that I can't write the spirit and character of Niu Caizi. "

Baidu Encyclopedia-Niu Zhaolian

Baidu encyclopedia-Mr. Zhu