Those things about Chaoshan culture

Speaking of Chaoshan, I believe that most people prefer the horror of Chaoshan dialect, because the dialect here, if not grown up, will sometimes even be scolded by others. Just kidding!

? Closer to home, Chaoshan area, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, was "famous" in the Central Plains at that time, and its reputation was no less than that of Shenzhen today. At that time, Chaozhou in Chaoshan was famous for its porcelain capital, which resounded all over the world. Porcelain is dazzling, exported to Southeast Asia and Europe in foreign trade, and is also very important in economy.

Then, why is Chaozhou so gorgeous and called the porcelain capital? Yes, porcelain is good, and praise must have wonderful craftsmanship. Chaozhou ceramics are rich in color and exquisite in craftsmanship. Its natural beauty, harmonious colors and differences from other schools of porcelain paintings have formed a unique carving style-simple and elegant. Porcelain is devoted to "craft", "landscape portrait", "architectural design" and so on. Because of its beauty, Chaoshan ceramics are also called Chaozhou colored porcelain (namely Cai Chao). In the 1980s, the porcelain industry innovated a kind of "over-glaze gold pile" process, that is, gilding or inlaying other kinds of jewelry on the lines drawn on the outer edge of porcelain to enhance its impression, three-dimensional sense and picture sense, and the lines felt silky. At that time, this kind of porcelain making process, especially those handmade works, was very difficult to make, and few areas could master the essence of Chaozhou porcelain making.

? Because of ceramics, Chaoshan, a region with few wise men, is famous, and also because of ceramics, the culture of Chaoshan area shows its edge on the stage of China and even the world.

? Chaozhou embroidery is a small-scale arts and crafts in Chaozhou, including Chaozhou woodcarving and traditional embroidery. Through-carving is the most representative technique in Chaozhou woodcarving, and the hollowing-out technique of Chaozhou woodcarving is the three-dimensional hollowing-out through-carving "Dragon, Shrimp and Crab Basket", which is now in Chen Shunqiang's "Woodcarving Art Heritage Museum". It took several woodcarvers more than two years to complete this masterpiece together. The carving is ingenious, vivid, vivid and vivid, with different shapes, supplemented by waves and aquatic plants, enriching the whole work. The whole work embodies the charm of rich seafood and good weather, and even entrusts blessings from all directions, vividly depicting the richness and liveliness of fish, shrimp and crabs. All right, let's move on. There is an old saying in Chaoshan that "men plow big, women plow red" (Chaoshan dialect), that is, men will farm when they grow up, and women will embroider at home when they grow up. In the eyes of the older generation, learning to sew and embroider is the value standard to measure whether a woman is a good wife and mother. At that time, basically a group of women in a village would get together to form a group and ask the group leader or other experienced elders for advice. It was not surprising at all. It can be seen that the embroidery culture in Chaoshan area is gradually maturing under such influence. As an intangible cultural heritage, it began in the Tang Dynasty, and it is also called Guangdong Embroidery with Guangdong Embroidery. Its composition is patchy, with different sizes and clear texture, which has particularly high artistic value. According to the craft, it can be divided into four categories: velvet embroidery, thread embroidery, gold and silver thread embroidery and golden velvet mixed embroidery. It can be divided into five embroidery methods: embroidery, pad, paste, needle and sewing. There are more than 200 kinds of needle methods, which are superb in skill, and are different from other embroidery methods because of their embossed pad embroidery method (that is, when embroidering patterns, the patterns will be raised by silk threads). Chaozhou embroidery is rich in figures, animals and flowers. Chaozhou embroidery has full and symmetrical composition, festive and warm colors and vivid theme, which has produced rich and magnificent artistic effects. Therefore, Chaozhou embroidery works are widely used in decorations and clothes, and some stars will choose Chaozhou embroidery wedding dresses when they get married. Similarly, Chaozhou embroidery is well-known at home and abroad for its exquisite skills. Chaozhou embroidery works also participated in 19 15 Panama International Expo, 1923 London Olympic Games, 1925. In 2006, Chaozhou embroidery became the first national intangible cultural heritage. A needle, a thread, a shelf, a chair and some nails; Quietly and calmly, the embroidered sketch shines. The embroidered mother in Chaoshan, "capable and capable" (Chaoshan dialect), also brought out a culture. Chaozhou embroidery and woodcarving show Chaoshan embroidery in the form of skills, while the characteristics of Chaozhou embroidery reflect the ingenuity, diligence, prudent personality and smart and capable style of Chaoshan people.

? After talking about small-scale arts and crafts, let's take stock of the large-scale architectural culture in Chaoshan area. When it comes to architecture, we must first look at the paintings in Chaoshan, which are divided into paper paintings and murals. First, paper painting, Chaoshan paper painting, covers a wide range, Chaoshan paper painting highlights one word-"truth"! Where the hell is it? Truth, in painting; Really, the painting is moving. Among them, in addition to some paintings of plum blossoms, bamboo chrysanthemums, natural landscapes, or scenes of celebrities and events in ancient legends, the paintings of Laocuo Deep Lane are the most popular, that is, banyan trees with long annual rings and green branches and leaves. The road between lanes is uneven and bricks are visible. The alley is deep, there are many bends, and the ditch falls to one side. The moss wall extends, and the old row of lanes. Children frolic, chickens bark at dogs slowly ",recording memories, but overflowing with sadness and parting, longing and nostalgia, which are beautiful, eternal ... more eternal. ”？ Secondly, murals, Chaoshan folk murals, used to be used to ward off evil spirits and seek happiness, but now in peacetime, they also symbolize a beautiful vision. Chaoshan mural art can be divided into three-dimensional carving or painting with a brush. Mural carving mostly uses Chinese fir as raw material, and then grinds it into a size that can be placed. It's the same as wood carving, but this painting is difficult to be very rigorous, because the opportunity to carve a wall is rare, and it is difficult to do it again if you miss it once, which is a test of the skill and endurance of Chaoshan sculptors. Most people in Chaoshan believe in Buddhism, so it is very common to carve Buddha statues in murals of some large temples. In front of ordinary people's homes, if people have the conditions to carve them, they usually ask for photos of Guan Gong to protect their luck. Painting with a brush, just like painting on paper, adds color to the wall, not monotonous. Lotus is used to express peace, and door gods are used to keep peace. In Chaoshan area, if a group of old people sit under an old tree, they may talk about some paintings, which is simple and natural. Let's talk about architecture. The unique residence in Chaoshan is called CuO. If it takes a long time, it will also be called "Laocuo" to show respect. The art of architecture is also the embodiment of art. The tiles on the roof are scattered and orderly, and the dim ancient tiles on both sides are inclined to facilitate drainage. Some people will specially design a rainwater channel to integrate rainwater. Different from quadrangles in Beijing, Old Town of Lijiang in Yunnan, and houses in southern Anhui, CuO here has a unique artistic beauty in southern Fujian. Today, with the development of science and technology and the revitalization of the countryside, there is still a generation admiring the corner of childhood, the carefree but deep roadway, the paintings on the wall and the flowers on the roadside. This also constitutes a unique village prototype in Chaoshan area.

With the nourishment of these substances, how can we have less spiritual edification? Don't you think? Then let's forget it every day, Chaoshan dialect! Yes, Chaoshan dialect (said to be one of the most difficult languages to learn). The communication between Chaoshan people has become a kind of language art, and Chaozhou opera (the name after liberation) is also called Chaoqiang and Chaodiao. In the Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China, it was called Yin Chao, commonly known as Chaozhou Opera, Bai Zixi and Guangdong (Cantonese Opera, Chaozhou Opera, Han Opera and Lei Ju). This is an ancient traditional local opera, sung in Chaoshan dialect. It is well-known at home and abroad for its beautiful vocal music and unique performance form, and has been integrated with local operas. Chaozhou opera has a high status. In 2006, it was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage, and the heritage number was IV-4. It is a branch of Southern Opera in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, which gradually evolved from Southern Opera in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. This is an ancient opera with a history of more than 440 years. After the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there appeared a number of dramas adapted from dramas or movies and dressed in cheongsam, which were called civilized dramas or fashion dramas, such as The Lonely Valley, The Orphan Save the Ancestor, The Rich Boy, Xu Xilin and so on. Chaozhou opera is essential to worship the gods in Chaoshan. The older generation can't get used to the current opera, but they are addicted to "E … E … E … E (singing)!" It is precisely because of the past of that era that those who are obsessed with that era and those things are another way for them to recall the lost years, which may be the performance and best presentation of Chaozhou opera art. ? After the founding of New China, Chaozhou Opera inherited the tradition of civilized drama and fashion drama reflecting modern life, and created a considerable number of modern dramas. Become an important part of Chaozhou opera repertoire. Interspersed with a "small" story, a monster is so "small" story: 50 years ago, in the early spring, under the cordial care of Premier Zhou Enlai, Lao She, Cao Yu and Mr. Yang Hansheng made a special trip to Chaoshan. The unique culture and art of Chaoshan, especially Chaozhou Opera, touched their hearts. The people's artist Lao She even wrote a poem full of affection: "Mokua rode a crane to Yangzhou, longing for Chaoshan for decades, and being proud of his children. Listening to songs in Shantou on a spring night. " When they left, Lao She and Mr. Cao Yu did not forget to tell them to cherish the Chaoshan cultural heritage and inherit and carry forward Chaozhou Opera with local characteristics. Chaozhou opera is often performed at temple fairs to show respect for the "master" (referring to the gods), and ordinary people also like to watch it in a very lively atmosphere, which makes the festival atmosphere more intense. Therefore, Chaozhou opera is more folk-custom than other operas. A TV series that tells a story of a folk scholar in Chaoshan dialect can be said to be a drama-does anyone know?

? In Yu Xia Lai, Zhao Shuguang plays: "My real name is Yu Xia Lai, and everyone calls me Xia Xiucai. Specializing in human right and wrong, bullying the poor, bullying you and crying. With the coming of my summer rain and disaster, the dark clouds dispersed. Although I am a thin man, I am an open student of Confucius and a real scholar. " Zhao Shuguang, whose ancestral home is in Hebei, was the head of Shantou Repertory Theatre in middle age. For this reason, he practiced Chaoshan dialect hard, and finally achieved Xia Yulai, which is well known to women and children in Chaoshan area. The artistic culture he brought is vivid and special. ? Let's take a look at the holiday customs in Chaoshan area, such as the tenth five-year plan, the first one, and so on. I don't know anything about wow, worship, especially on holidays. It was a bee, but it was a day to have fun and play games. Especially on the Lantern Festival, wow! People come and go, and there are many country people. First of all, carry lanterns, and then set the table in the inner village early to reserve seats. At that time, there would always be people performing Chaozhou opera in the village. Wow, once a year, it looks different and has a huge momentum. Coupled with the crisp firecrackers, the originally quiet and peaceful village was suddenly crowded with people and the fireworks were even more gorgeous. But to get to the point, these traditions are not only for commemorating ancestors and wishing peace and success, but also for a better life. At the same time, I also hope that the next generation will carry forward the past and create new achievements.

? Represented by ceramics, it is precisely because of this day that Chaoshan art is supported and ceramics are protected. One is a big support, the other is a small composition, decorated with * * *, but beautiful, and won the championship-Chaoshan culture!

? However, the protection and inheritance of culture is urgent. 1. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Cultural Revolution, Chaoshan art suffered a severe blow, and it was difficult to recover and find it. 2. There are few art inheritors and the scale is not large, and the older generation is retreating. Few young people nowadays, including you, me and him, really understand these arts. Because they don't understand and they don't want to understand. 4. There are few inheritors of culture and art, and the pursuit of personality is very high. Few people devote their lives to guarding the inheritance. These are all facts, and they are like knives, because we don't want similar arts to disappear in our generation in the near future, and I don't think we have to say that we must inherit these arts, but we must! Give them enough! Adequate support and respect, these are basic and necessary!

? So in the end. Please think about yourself again. When you are in an ancient house in Chaoshan, you are with your family. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, you chat with your brother and sister about Chaoshan jokes, calm down with your father to appreciate ceramics, sit down with your mother to talk about embroidery, watch Xia Yulai on TV with your grandmother, and play wood carving with your grandfather. The moonlight is bright and full, full of old temples and illuminating the old alleys of your village. And behind you, Guan Yu is waiting, looking up at the white jade plate. You are happy, eating moon cakes, the whole family chatting happily, enjoying the natural scenery, enjoying the lanterns and eating the moon cakes made by grandma, sweet but not greasy ... At that time, you were the real self you wanted in your life.