What was the reason for Zhuge Liang's final failure?

One of the reasons for Zhuge Liang's failure comes from his strategic defects.

First, environmental analysis, no matter what strategy, you need to figure out what your environment is like first. The environment brings both opportunities and threats. Grasping the opportunities brought by the environment is a godsend. The so-called "good timing" and "favorable location" are the smoothest road to success. Especially for the relatively weak individuals, the role of changing the overall environment can be temporarily ignored, and grasping opportunities is of greater significance to success. Basically, the grasp of the environment is still in place.

Second, comparison of advantages and disadvantages and path selection: "Wise people enjoy water, benevolent people enjoy Leshan", "Wise people walk in twists and turns; Winner, find another way. " Smart people commit suicide knowing that what they can't do is stupid, or they have to do it. The reason why a wise man enjoys water is that "the current is all potential", and the competitive route designed by a clever strategist is to choose the weakest link of the other side. Zhuge Liang believes that Cao Cao has been occupying and has millions of soldiers. In fact, he has sat up and "cannot compete with the front." Zhuge Liang judged that "Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and great-grandfather is the emperor", and Zhuge Liang thought that Liu Bei was the "emperor's room"

Zhuge Liang's path choice is planned from the geographical point of view. Zhuge Liang chose Yizhou as the foundation of revival, and later generations were also criticized. Although Yizhou is easy to defend but difficult to attack, it is not easy to go out. But Zhuge Liang's original plan was that Jingzhou and Yizhou supported each other, and the fall of Jingzhou was an accident. Moreover, there was no other choice at that time.

Third, cultivate core competitiveness. The core competitiveness planned by Zhuge Liang for Liu Bei is "harmony with others". On the basis of "harmony is precious", politics can be cultivated internally and alliances can be cultivated externally. Internal training can command heroes and win the hearts of the people, while external training can create a favorable international environment.

Basically, these three points, including the general trend choice, the way choice and the core choice, are relatively successful and in place, so we can defeat the strong with the weak and eventually rise in troubled times. But Zhuge Liang's success came from this, and so did his failure. I think he has a great strategic flaw, or a strategic flaw that scholars often have-that is, he overemphasizes "internal politics and external changes." To put it simply, one of them is his own, and then he defends that area, focusing on the "internal politics" of "training troops to appease the people", but forgetting one thing: if we don't attack and only pay attention to defense, then other forces just take advantage of this opportunity to "internal politics", but the people are easily assimilated. In this way, when several parties are finished, the people and scholars in the world will be almost the same. But people of all countries and intellectuals of all countries. Once such a situation is established, it will do great harm to reunification, and the situation of multinational confrontation will be determined. The future outcome will depend on which country is stronger, and the role of generals and counselors will be greatly reduced.