Who was Xiao Xiaosheng of Lan Ling in Ming Dynasty?

1932, Beiping Library obtained Amin edition of Jin Ping Mei Hua Ci from Shaanxi. This edition was published in A.D. 16 17. It is the earliest carved edition found so far, and its content is closer to the original work. Before engraving, there is a signed preface, indicating that the author of the book is "Lan Shaosheng". This provides a new clue for people to study the author of Jin Ping Mei. Lanling Town in Cangshan County, Shandong Province and Wujin County, Jiangsu Province were called "Lanling" in ancient times, but judging from the extensive use of Shandong dialect in the book, the author should be from Shandong, not Wujin County, Jiangsu Province. 1 9 3 3, Wu Han wrote a book. Through a lot of textual research, it is proved that the time of writing Jin Ping Mei should be ten to thirty years during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, so the author can't be a celebrity during the Jiajing period. Although people are sure that the author of Jin Ping Mei is from Shandong, there is no record of Xinzi Xin, Xiao Xiaosheng or Jin Ping Mei in Yi County Records.

The true identity of Lan, the author of Jin Ping Mei, has always been controversial. Recently, at the symposium on Jin Ping Mei held in Zhucheng, Shandong Province, the researchers of Ding Weining Theory and Jin Xue proposed by scholar Zhang Qingji conducted in-depth discussions.

Jin Ping Mei, the "first wonderful book", was written in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. It is famous for its "forbidden books" and "rare books", and has unique literary value and artistic achievements. The author of Lan Xiao Sheng, as the first independent novelist, has become a historical mystery, with more than 50 opinions.

Ding Si (16 17), an edition of Jin Ping Mei Hua Ci, begins with Xinzi Xin's preface. The first sentence of Xinzi Xin's preface says, "I stole Lan Ling's life and wrote The Biography of Jin Ping Mei". Obviously, the author of Jin Ping Mei is a Lanren. "Lanling" is the county hope, and "Xiaoxiaosheng" is the author. Therefore, the last sentence of the preface is "I often say: Xiao Xiaosheng is like a biography, and it is called."

"Xiaoxiaosheng" is just a pseudonym. Why? At the back of the preface, there is a postscript to Jin Ping Mei written by 20 Gong. The first sentence of The Postscript of Twenty Gong says: "The biography of Jin Ping Mei is a statement of a huge apartment in the World Temple." Shen Ming Telford's "Wan Li Ye Bian" is said to have been written by a famous person in Jiajing period. In other words, "Xiao Shaosheng" was a "giant man" and "great celebrity" in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty.

Who is Xiao Xiaosheng in Lanling?

"A great man" or "a great celebrity" still has no real name. This leaves ample room for future generations to study the author of Jin Ping Mei. The author of Jin Ping Mei has become the "Goldbach conjecture" in the study of Jin Ping Mei, and up to 60 people have put forward it so far. Its influential figures are:

First, Wang Shizhen said. Mingke? Wang Shizhen's Jin Ping Mei first appeared in Mountain Economy and Wan Ye Li Supplement. Wang Shizhen was mentioned in Song Qifeng's Narration written in Kangxi 12 and the Origin of Yujiao Pear in the early Qing Dynasty. Later, officials of the current dynasty added fuel to the flames, forming a public opinion that temporarily belonged to Wang Shizhen. This theory was severely attacked by Lu Xun, Wu Han and Zheng Zhenduo in 1930s. 1979, Zhu Xing advocated this theory again, and cited ten reasons: (1) Wang Shizhen was a "great celebrity of Jiajing"; (2) He can write novels and have novels handed down from generation to generation; (3) He has the ability to complete macro masterpieces; (4) He has enough time to finish his masterpiece; (5) He is a big bureaucrat, so he can write big scenes of officialdom; (6) The place names in Jin Ping Mei are consistent with Wang Shizhen's experience; (7) His belief in Buddhism and Taoism is exactly what Jin Ping Mei preached; (8) lascivious and drunk, with feelings of writing Jin Ping Mei; (9) Born in Shandong, he is an official in Shandong and has the conditions to use Shandong dialect; He has a wide range of knowledge and can write an encyclopedia like Jin Ping Mei. Zhao, Zhao and others have written articles to discuss this, but this theory is mixed with the confusion of various theories. Xu Jianping's Textual Research on Jin Xue and Huo Xianjun's A Brief Comment on Jin Ping Mei once again raised the banner of this theory, and comprehensively demonstrated it from two aspects: external evidence and internal evidence. Xu Jianping even thought that "the study of Jin Ping Mei in the 2nd/kloc-0th century should take Wang Shizhen as a new breakthrough and starting point".

Second, Jia Sanjin said. This is the first opinion of the new author of Jin Ping Mei in the new period of the 20th century. The proposer is Zhang Yuanfen. His new certificate "Jin Ping Mei" provides ten evidences: (1) Lanling is from Yixian County, Shandong Province, and Jia Sanjin is from Yixian County; (2) He is qualified to be called "Jiajing Celebrity"; (3) The writing time of the novel coincides with the life time of Jia Sanjin; (4) He is a thrifty official, and his experience is enough to make Jin Ping Mei; (5) There are a large number of dialects in Yixian, Beijing and North China in the novel, and Jia Sanjin lives in these areas respectively; (6) There are several advanced memorials in the novel, and Jia Sanjin is good at it; (7) Some characters in the novel are similar to Jia Sanjin; (8) There are many novels and operas, and Jia Sanjin has accumulated in this life; (9) He has lived at home for ten years and has time to create; He wrote a novel.

Third, Tu Long said. Huang Lin initiated it. He published a group of eight articles, and put forward seven bases: (1) The fifty-sixth novels "Poem of Mourning the Headscarf" and "Pen of Sacrificing the Headscarf" are from "Laughing with Opening the Book", and the author is Tu Long; (2) There are many Zhejiang dialects in the novels, which are consistent with the native place of Longtu; (3) The ancestral home of Wujin was called Lanling in ancient times; (4) His devotion to Buddhism and Taoism is consistent with the theme of the novel; (5) He dismissed the official with "obscenity" and insisted on writing "obscenity and elegance", which is the ideological tendency of the novel; (6) Having the life foundation and literary accomplishment of creating Jin Ping Mei; (7) He is closely related to Liu Chengxi and Wang Shizhen, both of whom have the full draft of Jin Ping Mei presented by Tu Long.

Fourth, Li Kaixian said. This theory began with a footnote in the "History of China Literature" 1962 published by the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences, with doubtful tone. 1979 reprinted, the sentence "Li Kaixian is more likely" was deleted. It is said that this footnote was added by Wu Xiaoling. Wu Xiaoling reiterated this statement when he delivered a speech on the author of Jin Ping Mei in the United States in June, 1982. Shuofang Xu was the founder of the theory of collective accumulation, so he advocated that Li Kaixian was the author of Jin Ping Mei. Shuofang Xu's basis is: (1) Li Kaixian meets the basic requirements of the author of Jin Ping Mei. For example, a native of Shandong, he once worked as a Beijing official and created a variety of operas. His poems and songs show his love and cultivation of street literature, and he is one of the "eight sons of Jiajing" and a veritable "great celebrity between Jiajing and Jingjing". (2) Jin Ping Mei itself proves its close relationship with Li Kaixian. For example, the seventieth cycle of Gong Zheng Zheng Hao is from the fiftieth original of Li Kaixian's Sword. (3) Jin Ping Mei and A Dream of Red Mansions are similar in content and form. Nikita Cui (Japan)' s textual research on the author of Jin Ping Mei supports this theory, and puts forward four new opinions: (1) Li Kaixian's hospital version of Yixiaosan has similar naming meaning and feeling to that of "Xiaoxiaosheng"; (2) Li Kaixian's birthday is August 28th, and Ximen Qing's birthday is July 28th; (3) The sword makes the body double (servant girl Jin Er) die, while the protagonist (wife of Lin Chong) continues to develop the story, just like Jin Ping Mei; (D) Ximen Qing's image is not unified, with dual personality, because of Li Kaixian's "self-projection". Later, Bu Jian found Li's genealogy and wrote a book "An Examination of Li Kaixian, the Author of Jin Ping Mei", which was summarized as Dacheng from many internal evidences such as Sword and Jin Ping Mei, Li Kaixian and Ximen Qing, the meaning of Qinghe River, the meaning of Lanling, and some qualifications such as personal quality, composition style and friends.

5. Wei Xu said. The earliest disclosure of this information was Yuan Zhongdao's "Living in a Secluded Persimmon Record" in the Ming Dynasty. 1939 Arthur David Wiley (UK) first put it forward in the introduction of the English version of Jin Ping Mei, but he played a joke with a similar sound. Unexpectedly, 60 years later, Pan Chengyu's New Proof of Jin Ping Mei has completed a comprehensive demonstration of this theory. First of all, through the analysis of the description of Buddhism and Taoism in the novel, the book defines the author of Jin Ping Mei as "a figure whose life spans three generations of Jia, Long and Wan, but mainly lives in Jiajing Dynasty". Then "it is pointed out that the author of the novel is also a well-informed opera scholar, a highly skilled opera writer, an all-round painter and a guest who is good at practical writing"; "The author should have a life experience in frontier defense and even defending the enemy" and "have a strong sense of national hardship and a sense of defending the country and defending the country against the enemy"; "The author has a strong hobby of dialect spoken language"; "The author must have the life experience in the above dialect areas (referring to Shaoxing, Shandong, Beijing, Suzhou, Shanxi, Fujian, Guangdong, etc.). )"; I have a hobby of writing books and hiding my name in mysterious events. Through textual research on the geographical prototype of Jin Ping Mei, Shaoxing customs such as Shaoxing wine in Jin Ping Mei, Shaoxing folk customs in Jin Ping Mei and Shaoxing dialect in Jin Ping Mei, it is proved that the author of the novel must be from Shaoxing. Then prove one by one that "Xu Wei meets all the conditions of the author of Jin Ping Mei". Pan Chengyu also deciphered the riddles of "Twenty Duke", "Xu surname official", "Qinghe County", "Lan Ling" and "Xiao Xiaosheng" in the novel as "Xu Wei, Shanyin County, Fushan County, Shaoxing, East Zhejiang Province" and attributed them to "Shaoxing Confucianism". Pan Chengyu also made textual research on the manuscript of Jin Ping Mei, and thought that Dong Qichang was the central figure in the circulating clues, while Tao Wangling was the key figure in the delivery of the manuscript. "Jin Ping Mei in Tao Wangling's hand was written by Xu Wei, probably Xu Wei's manuscript". Pan Chengyu also wrote a comparison between the text of Jin Ping Mei and the text of Xu Wei, "and drew a simple conclusion: Xu Wei's text was written by Xu Wei, and" The Thorn "was also written by Xu Wei". He further demonstrated "Shaoxing Scholar and Yan Song", "Shen Lian and Yan Song", "Xu Wei and Shen Lian" and so on. In the section "Why did he take it out on whom", he thinks that "Xu Wei wrote Jin Ping Mei because he was impressed by the rural customs and was excited about Shen Lian's death, and the pen he wrote was full of all his misfortunes". Strictly speaking, Pan Chengyu is the founder mentioned by Xu Wei.

6. Wang said. Lu Ge and Ma Zhi proposed. They put forward thirteen grounds: (1) He was the first to have a copy of Jin Ping Mei; (2) He is a native of Wujin, and was called "Lanling" in ancient times; (3) He was dissatisfied with the dragon slaying, so he chose his poems about headscarves and articles about headscarves into his novels to show his ridicule; (4) The poems and songs in the novel are similar to Wu Sao Ji compiled by Wang; (5) Some contents and terms in Wang's Biography of Virtue are similar to those in Jin Ping Mei; (6) His poems and novels are in the same strain; (7) Wang is familiar with a series of dialects in the novel; (8) Both he and his novels have orthodox views on the Central Plains; (9) Meet the requirements of "great celebrities from Jiajing to Jiajing"; (10) He was a public guest in Wang Shizhen, so he used novels to avenge Wang Shizhen's father. (1 1) The Wang family in the novel is an ugly representation of the Wang family. (12) The novel quotes his affectionate poem "When the door enters the sea, Xiao Lang will be a passer-by from now on" three times; (13) The author's appearance reflected in the novel accords with his situation.

In addition, there are Tang Xianzu, Feng Menglong, Li Xianfang, Shen Defu, Li Yu, Lunan, Li Zhi, Feng Weimin, Jia Menglong, Xue, Zang, Jin Shengtan, Tian Yizheng, Tang Yin, Xiao.

Although the list of candidates for the author of Jin Ping Mei is getting longer and longer, such as Huang Lin's theory of killing dragons, Bu Jian's theory of Li Kaixian, Lu Ge's and Ma Su's theory of Wang, Xu Jianping's and Huo Xianjun's theory of Wang Shizhen, and Pan Chengyu's theory of Xu Weizhi, etc., they can be called five theories in today's research results of Jin Ping Mei, but in all fairness, they have not been universally recognized by the academic circles.

This theory has been highly concerned by the gold academic circles. Wang Ping, a professor at Shandong University and president of Shandong Jinpingmei Society, believes that the argument of "Ding Weining's theory" is very convincing. Experts from Fudan University, Nankai University and other universities also believe that the "orchid mystery" is expected to find its source in Zhucheng.