Idioms must be used in college entrance examination

(A) the types of idioms

Idioms mainly include idioms, idioms, proverbs, aphorisms, two-part allegorical sayings and so on.

Idiom. Idioms are concise and incisive stereotypes or short sentences that people have long been used to. Most of them are composed of four words, which generally have a source. For example: chop and change, cup bow and snake shadow, shameless questioning.

Idiom. Idioms are short and stereotyped idioms in spoken English. For example: iron rooster, sedan chair, wearing a top hat, setting the tone, one-pot meal, giving the green light, going through the motions, hitting nails, fuse, scapegoat, walk-on and so on. Idioms are mainly three-character cases, and most of them contain derogatory meanings.

Proverbs and proverbs are popular and profound fixed sentence patterns passed down orally by the masses. For example: (1) Don't go out in the morning, but go to Wan Li Road at night. (2) Eat radish in winter and ginger in summer without a doctor's prescription. (3) 360 lines, each line is the best. (4) Stay in the green hills, and don't worry about burning firewood. (5) When people gather firewood, the flames are high. Proverbs are experiences related to natural phenomena, agricultural production, medical care and social life, among which agricultural proverbs are mostly regional.

Motto Motto is a concise statement with philosophy. Knowledge is power. (2) Modesty makes people progress, while pride makes people lag behind. (3) Facts speak louder than words. (4) Don't be a little evil or a little good. (5) Young people will be sad if they don't work hard.

Proverbs and proverbs are sentences, but proverbs are the collective creation of the masses, and proverbs are often quotations from celebrities.

Two-part allegorical saying is a kind of spoken language with argot nature, which consists of two parts: approximate riddle and answer, with the original meaning in the second half. For example: (1) moth to the fire-self-destruction. (2) Looking for a needle in a haystack-nowhere to find it. (3) the telephone pole on the road-stand aside. (4) the radish in the twelfth lunar month-frozen (moving) heart. (5) Confucius moved-full of books (lost).

Two-part allegorical saying includes two kinds, one is metaphor and the other is homophonic. Two-part allegorical saying, the first half is a metaphor, and the second half is an explanation of the first half. Homophonic two-part allegorical saying, the second half expresses the meaning with the help of homophonic or homophonic phenomenon.

(B), common types of errors in the use of idioms

Understanding the common types of mistakes in the use of idioms is helpful to solve idioms. The following describes the common types of mistakes in the use of idioms.

1. It is meaningful to read the text.

The meaning of idioms is conventional, and most of them have certain allusions. In addition, some morphemes in idioms contain uncommon meanings, which makes it difficult to understand idioms. If you don't carefully analyze the meaning of idioms, you will be careless and clear at a glance, which will easily lead to mistakes in reading the meaning of idioms. For example:

He can't even write a composition well at ordinary times, but he actually sent a manuscript to the composition newsletter. It was really an unpublished theory, which led his classmates to laugh at him.

I'm not familiar with the situation there, but you insisted on sending me. Isn't this satisfactory?

"Unpublished theory" refers to: unchangeable or indelible speech. It is wrong to interpret "publishing" as "publishing". Ancient Chinese characters were carved on tortoise shells, animal bones, bamboo chips and wood chips. If the engraving is wrong, scrape it off with a knife. This is "publishing", which means cutting and modifying. "Not satisfied" and "poor" mean "slightly", and the whole idiom means "generally satisfied", but in the second sentence, it is understood as "reluctantly" and used wrongly.

I don't know my weight

Some idioms are light in meaning and some are heavy in meaning, which requires choosing idioms with moderate meaning according to the specific language environment and avoiding using big words and small words. For example:

Teacher Li has been a class teacher for 20 years. She is diligent and busy, and still insists on working overtime.

Labor is glorious, and it is shameful to enjoy it. This is the view of our new society.

(1) The phrase "busy with everything" means dealing with tens of thousands of affairs a day, which often means that kings and state leaders are busy dealing with all kinds of government affairs every day. This idiom has a heavy meaning. When applied to "Teacher Li", it makes the mistake of "using more words but less words". (2) The thought and behavior of people who "enjoy success" in the sentence can be improved by persuasion.

Correctly, this sentence means light, which is an application of "getting something for nothing". "Getting something for nothing" is used to exploit people with serious class thoughts. It is semantic, and their thoughts and actions should be criticized, which is in line with the "shame" in this sentence.

Don't look at objects

Some idioms have specific users, and if they are uncertain, it is easy to expand the scope of use or misuse them for other purposes. Such as: ① There are many examples of the ancient people's hard struggle, such as hanging beams and stabbing stocks, holding candles and smelling chickens dancing, which are countless in history.

Lao Zhang is very satisfied with Wang Yonggui's statement and thinks his words are prescient.

In the sentence (1), "sweating like a pig" describes many books, but it can't be used to describe the model of ancient people's hard work, so it is wrong to use it. In the second sentence, "throwing bricks to attract jade" means that the opinions or works published first are very shallow, with the aim of attracting others' better opinions or works. This word is a kind of self-modesty, modest word, which can only be used on oneself, not on others, so it is used wrongly.

Step 4 don't consider the scope

This novel is delicate and rigorous, and it is really meticulous.

(2) Before liberation, a bunch of bureaucrats in our county were in cahoots, taking bribes and perverting the law, and made a mess of local finance.

The "meticulous" in the sentence is only used to describe people, but not "the idea of a novel". (2) "collusion" in the sentence is generally used for two or a group of bad guys, not for a large number of bad guys, and the scope is small. This sentence can be used as "collusion", which can be used for two bad guys or a large number of bad guys.

5. Improper praise and criticism

Idioms can be divided into positive, neutral and derogatory meanings according to their emotional colors. In the process of use, we must distinguish between commendatory words and derogatory words, otherwise it is easy to make mistakes in commendatory words or derogatory words. For example:

These young scientists overcame many difficulties and explored the mysteries of nature with all their courage.

As we all know, several students play pranks in physics class. Who can forget the whole class?

(1) In the sentence, "do whatever it takes" means doing all the bad things, which is a derogatory term. This is used as a commendatory term, so it is wrong. (2) The word "well-known" in the sentence refers to everyone's praise, which is a commendatory term and is not suitable for "practical jokes".

6. Dysfunction

Because of their different meanings and parts of speech, each idiom has different grammatical functions in sentences. If we are not sure about the grammatical function of idioms, it is easy to leave confusing mistakes. For example:

The encirclement is getting smaller and smaller, and these heinous criminals have become turtles in a jar.

(2) While folding fans and envelopes, dancing with dozens of literary and art figures with different signatures.

(1) in the sentence. Catching turtles in a jar is a verb idiom and should be used as a predicate in a sentence. But this sentence mistook it for a noun idiom and the object of "success", so we should change "catching turtles in a jar" to "catching turtles in a jar". The mistake in the second sentence is to mistake the descriptive idiom "while the dragon flies and the phoenix dances" for a transitive verb.

7. Dislocation between humility and respect

Some idioms are modest words, only for themselves; Some idioms are compliments and can only be used on others. If we can't distinguish correctly, we will make the mistake of dislocation of modesty and respect. For example:

You just moved to a new house. The room is spacious and bright, but the decoration is a little monotonous. I suggest you hang an oil painting, which will definitely brighten the room.

I summed up my successful experience, and the most important thing is to be open-minded and open-minded.

"Peng Yi Sheng Hui" and "Peng Yi" refer to the doors made by Peng Cao and Jing Zhu to describe the homes of the poor. This idiom means to add luster to the poor family. This is a modest word that can only be used in the past. (1) the sentence is used in "you" each other, made a modest mistake. "Open-minded" describes being very modest, showing respect to others, only to others. (2) The sentence is used on "I", which makes the mistake of respecting words and being modest.

8. illogical

Unreasonable means that the idioms used do not match or even contradict the whole sentence. For example:

(1) Leaders should plan ahead when problems arise, and don't panic when problems arise.

Aunt Wang is famous for her cleanliness in this area, and all kinds of things at home are always placed in an orderly way.

"Preparing for a rainy day" means preparing in advance. "Advance" obviously contradicts "when it appears". "Orderliness" means doing things or writing articles clearly and orderly, with emphasis on "orderliness", while the topic stated in the second sentence is "Aunt Wang loves cleanliness". There is no semantic and logical connection between "orderliness" and "love cleanliness".

9. Repetition of words and meanings

Idioms are generally concise, and if used properly, they can achieve concise results. However, if we don't pay attention to the contrast between idioms and sentence semantics, it will easily lead to the repetition of implied meaning and sentence semantics. For example:

Look at his frown and silence. I'm afraid there's really something to hide.

The program of this party was so wonderful that my serious father couldn't help laughing when he saw Zhao Benshan's sketch.

"Difficult to say" in the sentence (1) refers to the difficulty that is difficult to say, so it is repeated with the "difficulty" in the ten-day period, and the "difficulty" in the sentence should be removed. (2) In the sentence, "can't help laughing" itself means that you can't help laughing, and this sentence is repeated with "laughing".