In the intelligent manufacturing system, each product to be processed can be started separately on the production line.

Intelligent manufacturing in a broad sense is a big concept and a deep integration of advanced information technology and advanced manufacturing technology. It runs through all aspects of product design, manufacturing and service as well as the optimization and integration of corresponding systems, aiming at continuously improving the product quality, efficiency and service level of enterprises, reducing resource consumption and promoting the innovation, green, coordinated, open and shared development of manufacturing industry.

In the past decades, intelligent manufacturing has formed many different paradigms in practice evolution, including lean production, flexible manufacturing, concurrent engineering, agile manufacturing, digital manufacturing, computer integrated manufacturing, networked manufacturing, cloud manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing and so on. It has played a positive role in guiding the technological upgrading of manufacturing industry. But at the same time, many paradigms are not conducive to the formation of a unified intelligent manufacturing technology route, which has caused many troubles for enterprises to promote the practice of intelligent upgrading. Facing the emerging new technologies, new concepts and new models of intelligent manufacturing, it is necessary to summarize and refine the basic paradigm.

The development of intelligent manufacturing is accompanied by the progress of informatization. The development of global informatization can be divided into three stages: from the mid-20th century to the mid-1990s, informatization was characterized by digitalization of computing, communication and control applications; Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has been widely used, and informatization has entered the networking stage characterized by the Internet of Everything. At present, based on the breakthrough and integrated application of big data, cloud computing, mobile Internet and industrial Internet clusters, artificial intelligence has achieved a strategic breakthrough, and informationization has entered an intelligent stage characterized by a new generation of artificial intelligence technology.

Combining the relevant paradigms of intelligent manufacturing and the characteristics of the integration of informatization and manufacturing in different stages, we can summarize, induce and popularize three basic paradigms of intelligent manufacturing (Figure 1), namely, digital manufacturing, digital networked manufacturing and digital networked intelligent manufacturing-a new generation of intelligent manufacturing.

Digital manufacturing

Digital manufacturing is the first basic paradigm of intelligent manufacturing, which can also be called the first generation of intelligent manufacturing.

The concept of intelligent manufacturing first appeared in the 1980s, but the first generation of artificial intelligence technology applied at that time was still difficult to solve engineering practice problems, so the main body of that generation of intelligent manufacturing was digital manufacturing.

Since the second half of the 20th century, with the strong demand for technological progress in manufacturing industry, information technology with digitalization as the main form has been widely used in manufacturing industry, which has promoted revolutionary changes in manufacturing industry. Under the background of the integration of digital technology and manufacturing technology, digital manufacturing can quickly produce products that meet the requirements of users by digitally describing, analyzing, making decisions and controlling product information, process information and resource information.

The main characteristics of digital manufacturing are: first, digital technology is widely used in products, forming a "digital generation" of innovative products; Secondly, digital design, modeling and simulation, digital equipment and information management are widely used; Third, realize the integration and optimization of production processes.

It should be noted that digital manufacturing is the foundation of intelligent manufacturing, and its connotation is constantly developing, which runs through the three basic paradigms and all development processes of intelligent manufacturing. Digital manufacturing defined here takes digital manufacturing as the first basic paradigm, which is a relatively narrow positioning. There are also some broad definitions and theories about digital manufacturing in the world.

(2) Digital networked manufacturing

Digital networked manufacturing is the second basic paradigm of intelligent manufacturing, which can also be called "Made in internet plus" or the second generation of intelligent manufacturing.

At the end of the 20th century, Internet technology began to be widely used, and "internet plus" continued to promote the integrated development of Internet and manufacturing. Network connects people, processes, data and things. Through the cooperation within and between enterprises and the sharing and integration of various social resources, it reshapes the value chain of manufacturing industry and promotes the transformation of manufacturing industry from digital manufacturing to digital networked manufacturing.

The main characteristics of digital networked manufacturing are as follows: first, in terms of products, digital technology and network technology are widely used, products realize network connection, and design, research and development realize collaboration and sharing; Secondly, in manufacturing, horizontal integration, vertical integration and end-to-end integration are realized to open up the data flow and information flow of the whole manufacturing system; Thirdly, in terms of services, enterprises and users realize the connection and interaction through the network platform, and the production of enterprises begins to change from product-centered to user-centered.

Germany's "Industry 4.0 Strategic Plan" report and American GE's "Industrial Internet" report fully expounded the paradigm of digital networked manufacturing, and brilliantly put forward the technical route to realize digital networked manufacturing.

(C) a new generation of intelligent manufacturing-digital networked intelligent manufacturing

Digital networked intelligent manufacturing is the third basic paradigm of intelligent manufacturing, which can also be called a new generation of intelligent manufacturing.

In recent years, driven by the strong demand of economic and social development, the popularity of the Internet, the emergence of cloud computing and big data, and the development of the Internet of Things, a new generation of artificial intelligence technologies such as big data intelligence, human-computer hybrid enhanced intelligence, group intelligence, and cross-media intelligence have accelerated their development and achieved strategic breakthroughs. A new generation of artificial intelligence technology and advanced manufacturing technology are deeply integrated to form a new generation of intelligent manufacturing-digital networked intelligent manufacturing. The new generation of intelligent manufacturing will reshape all links and their integration in the whole life cycle of products such as design, manufacturing and service, give birth to new technologies, new products, new formats and new models, profoundly influence and change the production structure, production mode, even lifestyle and thinking mode of human beings, and realize the all-round leap of social productivity. The new generation of intelligent manufacturing will bring revolutionary changes to the manufacturing industry and will become the core driving force for the future development of the manufacturing industry.

The three basic paradigms of intelligent manufacturing reflect the inherent law of the development of intelligent manufacturing: on the one hand, the three basic paradigms are developed in stages, each with its own characteristics and key problems to be solved, which embodies the staged characteristics of the integrated development of advanced information technology and advanced manufacturing technology; On the other hand, the three basic paradigms are not absolutely separated in technology, but intertwined and iteratively upgraded, which embodies the integration characteristics of intelligent manufacturing development. For newly industrialized countries such as China, we should give full play to the advantages of backwardness and adopt the technical route of "parallel promotion and integrated development" with three basic paradigms.

The time has come when ideological values determine the fate of enterprises.

With the trend of globalization, the increasing popularity of mobile Internet and artificial intelligence technology, the competition at the highest stage among dominant enterprises can no longer be confined to the competition of hard technology, but is reflected in the competition of soft power of enterprises, that is, the competition of ideas. In the face of today's market structure and future trends, what kind of value judgment your enterprise should have, what kind of ideological foundation it should have, and what kind of voice it should make are the key.

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