What is a mosquito twin-engine plane?

It's from the author's background introduction, right?

I'll give you a message. Although I don't like answering other people's questions like this, because it's not original, I still have to do it like this and I can't say it at once. I wonder if it meets your requirements. Mosquito plane is a kind of German plane. I think you know twin engines. In other words, it is actually a mosquito plane with two engines.

The information is as follows: Take your time and refer to it slowly. ...

mosquito

(De haviland Mosquito)

Anticipating the possible shortage of materials caused by the war, Britain found another way to use wood instead of aluminum to make fighter planes as light as swallows. As a result of this decision, the "Mosquito" plane has several advantages from the beginning, such as low price, good performance and saving raw materials. Mosquito aircraft is an outstanding aircraft with distinctive features, which has several unique features: first, it adopts all-wood structure, which is rare in aircraft in the 1940 s; Second, there are many revisions; Third, the viability is good. During the whole war, only the mosquito bombers in the Bomber Corps of the Royal Air Force dispatched 39,795 sorties, dropping more than100000 bombs, of which only 254 were shot down, and the battle damage rate was only 6.3%, which was less than one third of that of the general bombers, creating the best record of the operational survival rate of the Royal Air Force bombers. "Mosquito" plane is the pride of the British people, and it is also a legendary and famous plane. This kind of plane is the "mosquito" that veterans often said during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.

Information about the designer of mosquito-sticking aircraft:

Haviland, a famous British aircraft designer, is the designer of the Comet jet. 19 12 years, the BE-2 biplane he designed created a record of flying height of 3960m. 1920, the designer founded Sir Geoffrey de Havilland Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd., and achieved many fruitful results. During the Second World War, he also designed and manufactured the "Mosquito" military aircraft, which was widely used in military reconnaissance, air combat and bombing missions. 1944, he was knighted in recognition of his many important contributions to aviation. The Comet jumbo jet was successfully developed by him in the late 1940s and early 1950s. 1962, the British government awarded Sir Geoffrey de Havilland the Medal of Merit.

1943 65438+1October 3 1 day, Goering is going to give a speech at the military parade in Berlin. In the morning, the British 105 squadron flew over Berlin in mosquito formation, and the military parade had to be cancelled. As the 139 squadron flew over Berlin again, the military parade held in the afternoon was cancelled again, and Goebbels, who was going to give an encouraging speech in the afternoon, was forced to cancel his speech. Although no bombs were dropped in these two bombings, Goering and Goebbels boasted that "no enemy plane can fly over Berlin in Haikou during the day" and turned it into a joke. Goering was furious at this and said in a speech by the German Air Force: ... I was very envious after seeing the shape of "mosquito" ... The British could get much more aluminum than us, but they developed such a beautiful wooden plane that even the British piano factory could produce it in large quantities at such a fast speed. What have we done compared with them? Nothing is impossible for the British. The British are geniuses and we are fools.

Goering mentioned the DH98 Mosquito Fighter-Bomber produced by the British company De haviland, which was one of the most successful aircraft designed in World War II. "Mosquito" aircraft is an excellent aircraft with distinctive characteristics, which has several unique features: first, it adopts all-wood structure; Second, there are many revisions; The third is good viability. This wooden plane, which integrates bombing, fighting, reconnaissance, coaching, liaison and anti-submarine, was once active in the vast Eurasian front and was a world-famous plane at that time.

Mosquito was born in the prestigious De haviland Aircraft Factory in Britain. The company produced a series of elegant and beautiful light and medium-sized civil aircraft more than ten years before the war, and also had some experience in manufacturing multi-engine aircraft. Represented by DH82 tiger moth and DH9 1 albatross. 1938, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland suggested that the British air force develop a fast bomber, which is faster than a fighter plane, so that it can not carry self-defense weapons.

The conservative British Air Force had a soft spot for the mainstream multi-turret bombers at that time, thinking that unarmed bombers had low battlefield survivability and rejected De haviland's proposal. However, de haviland did not give up this plan and pushed ahead at his own expense. The design team led by engineers R.E. Bishop, R.M. Clarkson and C.T. Wilkins carried out the design according to the design goal of carrying 454KG bombs, with a range of 2400KM and a speed of 644 km/h. In order to achieve this goal, the self-weight of the aircraft must be reduced. First of all. The aircraft is no longer equipped with turrets for self-defense weapons, and the crew has been reduced from 6 to 2. Secondly, a special wood structure is adopted.

In the history of aircraft development, the light metal structure has replaced the wood structure or the steel pipe/wood skin mixed structure because the light metal structure is stronger and lighter, and it is obviously impossible to lose weight when the new aircraft adopts the traditional wood structure. The designer of De haviland Company decided to adopt a rare wood structure-"molded glued wood structure".

"Molded glued wood structure" was first adopted by LWF Aircraft Company, a small aircraft manufacturing company, on the LWF V aircraft of 19 19. The LWF V aircraft with small production capacity is only equipped by the Czech Air Force. 1922 Northrop company of the United States also adopted this structure on S- 1 biplane. First, make a 2 1 foot-long mold out of concrete, then spread spruce slices with cheese glue and place them alternately, and cover the mold. At this time, compressed air is filled into the rubber airbag in the middle, and the cheese glue is solidified to form a wooden structure, and the left and right wooden structures are joined together to form a fuselage with a wooden bonding structure. 1922 In August, this structure was patented in the United States. Because of its low production cost, S- 1 aircraft is called "the biplane of the poor".

On the basis of this structure, the "mosquito" type is improved, and the wood in the middle of the wood glued structure is changed into light wood-Basha wood (Basha, similar to Paulownia in China), which further reduces the weight of the wood structure and enhances its strength. Wing: except for two metal beams in the middle of the wing, it consists of an integrally formed upper wing and a lower wing; Machine body: the left and right wooden bonding structures are combined into a cylindrical load-bearing structure, and the laying of wires and control cables is completed before the combination; Wing and tail: metal or metal frame cloth skin; Cooler: installed between nacelle and fuselage, with air inlet at the leading edge of wing; The main landing gear is a double-column structure, and the engine is installed on a steel pipe bracket and supported by a rubber bearing seat. The appearance is quite modern. It adopts the conventional layout: straight mid-wing, straight leading edge, swept trailing edge, equipped with flaps and ailerons. The trapezoidal ratio of the wing is relatively large, and there is a cracked radiator inlet at the leading edge of the central wing, which reduces the external protrusion. The nose of the "Mosquito" machine is relatively blunt. According to different uses, either multiple guns are installed centrally, or transparent bomber inspection windows are modified, or airborne radar antennas are set up ... The oval body is smooth and slender, and the tail is slender, equipped with beautiful semi-oval tail fins. The three rudders are covered with painted linen. There are two engine nacelles under the wing, and the tail streamline shape is exquisite. The large-diameter low-pressure main tire is suitable for take-off and landing at airstrips. The two-seat cockpit is very compact, with the canopy protruding above the nose, multi-frame form and good view.

Adopting all-wood structure is the most far-sighted decision of De haviland Company. It fully foresees that there will be a shortage of aluminum alloy in Britain during wartime, and there will also be a shortage of workers who can master the manufacturing technology of aircraft metal structures. Wooden aircraft can be produced by any skilled carpenter, and piano factories, cabinet factories and furniture factories in Britain can all be put into aircraft production.

1 940 March1day, the British Air Force signed a contract (B 1/40) with De haviland for 50 DH98 bombers (including prototypes), which was officially named "Mosquito". After Dunkirk retreated, the contract was cancelled due to the German invasion at any time, and the contract was resumed at the end of 1940. During the trial production of the prototype, it was the most tense time in the Battle of Britain. Haviland's hatfield factory was repeatedly bombed by German planes, and employees had to take refuge in the bomb shelter. Even so, with the efforts of the staff, the first prototype (W4050) was tested on1October 25th. In order to avoid being accidentally attacked by ground air defense fire and patrol aircraft, the plane was painted bright yellow.

After the test flight, the "Mosquito" style showed great potential and attracted the attention of the British Air Force. The dead weight, engine power and range of Mosquito are about twice that of Spitfire, but its speed is 32km/h faster than that of Spitfire (in the test flight of 194 1.2, it once reached the speed of 63 1KM/H). The ceiling is11000 m; Especially in the bomb load, the "Mosquito" type greatly exceeded the original design index (on DZ594/G, there was an experiment of carrying 4,000 kg cookie bombs, which was four times the designed bomb load; In one test, due to the negligence of the staff, the plane was loaded with 10000 pounds of ballast, and the plane still took off safely. According to the needs of combat missions, there are 43 varieties of mosquitoes in the production process, 26 of which participated in World War II operations.

1941September 17, PR. I (W4055) successfully photographed Bordeaux and La Paris in the German occupied area of France, and successfully got rid of the "Mosquito" plane pursued by enemy planes for the first time. Since then, the name of "high-speed wooden plane" has spread like wildfire.

1942 on may 3 1 day, he participated in the "thousand-plane air raid" on cologne, Germany. A small number of "Mosquito" planes are interspersed in the formation of large aircraft, hanging four 227-kilogram bombs, or attacking by single aircraft, or dropping bombs in groups. "Mosquito" can be used not only for horizontal bombing at high altitude, but also for precise bombing of small-scale point targets at low altitude. When strategic bombers fly to enemy lines in large numbers at night, Mosquito aircraft plays the role of a guide on more occasions, finding and marking the target position or dropping flares for large fleets, which requires it to take the lead and fly in the front. In order to give clear verbal instructions and encouragement to the main pilots before the war, many mosquito pilots also shouted in elegant and standard English through further study. According to statistics, only the mosquito-type aircraft guiding the mission dropped 15000 tons of bombs in Dekou.

1On September 25th, 942, "Mosquito" attacked the headquarters building of the Gestapo in Oslo, Germany, in order to burn the information and archives of the Norwegian resistance movement in the building and prevent the resistance movement from being destroyed. Mosquitoes successfully blew up the building, and the neighboring blocks were not damaged.

1944 65438+ 10, the French resistance informed the British intelligence that there were more than 100 captured British air force pilots in the prison in Amiens, France. In order to rescue these pilots, it is necessary to accurately blow out many gaps or holes in the prison outer wall by plane and destroy the barracks guarded by Germany. /kloc-on the evening of February, 2008, 10: 55, 19 Mosquito took off from the British airport and carried out the' Arijo' plan under the escort of a typhoon. "Mosquito" accurately blasted a big gap in the prison wall and blew up the guards' barracks. Most pilots escaped safely with the help of the resistance movement.

Other similar cases include the bombing of the central registry in The Hague and shell companies in Copenhagen.

Mosquito. XVIII Multi-role Fighter, equipped with coastal garrison headquarters, is used to attack German submarines entering and leaving U-boat base in French-occupied area. When the submarine enters and exits the port, it must keep the water surface sailing in the shallow sea outside the port. At this time, submarines are easily attacked by planes. In order to ensure the safety of the submarine, the Germans organized a strict escort for the submarine during this voyage. The escort boats used are minesweepers and a fire boat with steel mesh and cement hull. Mosquitoes attack at this time with large-caliber guns, bombs and high-speed ships. For example, March 27 1944, six FB. VI and two FBs. On 18th, four M-type minesweepers attacked the port of La Paris. Two U-960s escorted by Speer Brecher fought fiercely with the convoy. The U-960s were seriously damaged, three minesweepers were injured and two were mosquito-shaped. According to the records, a * * has eight U boats sunk by mosquitoes, namely U-976, U-82 1, U-998, U-804, U-843, U- 1065, U-25 and U-236.

Britain also uses the performance advantage of Mosquito to perform some special tasks: secretly traveling between Stockholm and neutral Britain, transporting diplomatic bags, messengers, ball bearings, special personnel and so on, which Britain urgently needs. Bohr, a famous physicist, was sent to England in the "Mosquito" bomb bay after escaping Nazi pursuit. When flying over the fortified areas of Norway and Germany, the plane flew as high as possible to avoid being intercepted by enemy planes, and then dropped to a low altitude over the North Sea.

The most interesting thing is that mosquito planes often take advantage of their fast speed and good at flying at night, and deliberately increase the number of air raid alarms in the German rear area when they break through the enemy alone at night. 1944 On the night of February 23rd, Mosquito B.Mk.9 began to hang a single giant bomb weighing 1800kg to attack important targets. In the past, this super bomb could only be carried by large bombers. In the summer of the same year, mosquito bombers took part in the air raid on the V- 1 missile launching position. To destroy a position, Mitchell (B-25) must drop at least 2 19 tons of bombs, while the intruder (B-26) must drop 182 tons of bombs. The "night light bomber attack team" composed of "Mosquito" B.Mk. 16 has carried out hundreds of harassing attacks on Berlin. 1945 for 36 consecutive nights after February 20, this plane entered Berlin every day to drop bombs. May 2 1945, a "mosquito" B in wing 8. During the whole war, only the mosquito bombers in the Bomber Corps of the Royal Air Force dispatched 39,795 sorties and dropped more than 1 00,000 bombs, of which only 254 were shot down, with a loss of1every 2,000 sorties, setting a record for the lowest damage caused by air strikes over enemy land, with a war loss rate of only 6.3%, less than one third of that of ordinary bombers.

"Mosquito" plane is the pride of the British people, and it is also a legendary and famous plane.

On may 30-3 1, 1942, 105, four B.IV planes participated in the "thousand-plane bombing" in cologne. After that, mosquitoes participated in almost every night bombing operation. Because of its high speed, it can basically avoid the interception of German interceptor fighters, which is usually used as the leader of bomber formations. After flying over the target, use incendiary bombs to explode fire in the target area to indicate the target for the subsequent heavy bomber formation. Germany hates mosquitoes, but there is no plane that can effectively intercept mosquitoes. It was not until He-2 19 and Me-262 were on night duty that the situation changed slightly. In order to intercept the "mosquito" type, Germany also specially imitated the "mosquito" type structure and designed the all-wood FM Ta- 154 to counter the "mosquito" type. Germans are not good at wood structure itself. The structure of Ta- 154 was damaged many times during the flight test. The factory producing glue was bombed by the allied forces, and Ta- 154 failed to be mass-produced.

The modification of "Mosquito" can be classified according to the purpose, and there are probably the following models: camera reconnaissance plane, bomber, fighter-bomber, night fighter, bombing guide, torpedo bomber, submarine hunting machine, daytime patrol aircraft, mine laying machine, trainer, special transport aircraft and so on.

In the past ten years, Britain, Canada and Australia produced 38 modified 77,865,438+0 aircraft, which became the fastest dual-engine military aircraft in Britain during the war. Together with Lancaster and Spitfire, it became one of the three pillar equipments of the Royal Air Force in wartime.

Modify table

I 194 1 September, unarmed photographic reconnaissance plane.

F.II/NF.II NF。 II,1942 entered the service in May, with 4*20mm+4*7.7mm machine guns/guns, and then AI MK IV/V arrow radar or Turbinlight searchlights were installed, gradually replacing Bristol Brenheim as the main force of local night fighters, and escorting heavy bombers to drop bombs at night, shooting down more than 600 enemy planes. After the V radar was dismantled, some of them were converted into F.II day fighters. * * * It is planned to build 466 aircraft.

T.III trainer.

B IV bombers without self-defense weapons carry 4*500 pounds of bombs in the bomb bay. 1941.1equipment 105 squadron, 1942.5.3 1 participated in the bombing of cologne for the first time. A few can carry 4000 pounds of bombs after improving the bomb bay in the plane.

FB。 VI 1943.2 entered the service, which increased the wing strength on the basis of NF.II. In addition to carrying 1000 pound bombs in the fuselage bomb bay, it also carried 2*500 pounds bombs under the wing, with a total bomb load of 2,000 pounds. If you don't carry a bomb, you can carry a 50/ 100 gallon fuel tank, mines, depth charges, 8*60 pounds of rockets, etc. Some planes are also equipped with radar devices. The total output of this aircraft is 2,584, which is the largest of the "Mosquito" aircraft and the main aircraft to carry out bombing and guiding tasks in enemy-occupied areas.

B. VII Model B.IV produced in Canada is only used in Canada.

Pr.viii.b.iv was replaced by Merlin6 1 with supercharger engine and replaced by a camera reconnaissance plane.

MK.IX is equipped with a two-stage supercharged Merlin engine, which can carry 4000 pounds of bombs and install some advanced electronic equipment: Rebecca (Rebecca navigation system); Boozer; Oboe; MK VI H2S (terrain bombing radar).

NF。 XII night fighter, similar to nf.ii, is equipped with AI MK VIII centrifugal radar. Because the antenna of the radar is disc-shaped, the machine gun of the original nose was cancelled.

NF。 XIII and NF. XII is basically the same, except that the wing adopts FB. VI wing, you can carry some equipment under the wing like FB.VI

NF。 XV large-span high-altitude fighter is equipped with a pressurized cockpit, and its structure is reduced again. Equipped with AI MK VIII radar, use 4*7.7mm machine gun instead of 20mm machine gun. It is specially used to deal with the German Ju-86P high-altitude attack aircraft.

MK.XVI is divided into two sections, PR. XVI and B.XVI (reconnaissance/bombing). Equipped with supercharged engine and supercharged cockpit, * * * produces 1200 aircraft. In the late war, it was used to carry 4000 pounds of bombs and carry out harassment attacks on German targets.

NF。 XVII night fighter, equipped with AI MK X or SCR 720 radar and 4*20mm machine gun.

FB。 Eighteen multi-role fighter, FB modification. VI, commonly known as "Miner", had a 57mm Moliis 6-pound gun in his stomach, 25 rounds of bullets, and only two 7.7mm machine guns were kept. The original design purpose was anti-tank machine. Because the 57mm gun could not effectively penetrate the armor of German tanks, it was handed over to the Coast Guard Command and became a submarine hunting machine.

Modification of NF. XIX NF。 XIII becomes AI. VIII/X or SCR720 radar.

B.XX, B.IV made in Canada.

FB.2 1-T.29 Some modifications of the Packard V- 1650 engine made in Canada that imitates Merlin have not been put into production.

NF.30 night fighter, equipped with AI MK.X radar and electronic jamming equipment.

PR.32 extended wing, reconnaissance plane with Merlin113/114 engine.

MK.33 Navy's ship-borne model, folding wing, four-leaf propeller, ship hook, 4*20mm cannon, torpedo and American ASH radar.

PR.34 is a strategic reconnaissance aircraft with a pressurized cockpit and Merlin113/114 engines.

NF.36 postwar fighters, including Merlin113/114 engine and AI MK X radar.

TF.37 Navy torpedo bomber, similar to MK 33, but equipped with AI/ASV MK XIII radar.

The final export night fighter of NF.38 is equipped with AI MK IX radar.

TT.39 drone.

FB.40 MK VI produced in Australia.

PR.4 1 PR。 Nine Australian production

T.43 trainer made in Australia