Does learning German conflict with learning English?

German and English both belong to the Germanic language family. It is not difficult for people who have studied English to learn German. There is no conflict between learning German and learning English.

Learning German, like learning any language, is divided into two stages, one is called the pronunciation stage and the other is called the basic stage.

1. Voice stage.

German is a pinyin text, and generally does not use the International Phonetic Alphabet for pronunciation. As long as you master the pronunciation rules, you can spell out individual words. German has 30 letters, including 8 vowels and 24 consonants.

1. Recognize consonants.

B b Close the lips tightly, place the tip of the tongue against the lower teeth, keep the tongue surface flat, send air to break the obstruction, and the vocal cords should vibrate.

C c The lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is against the lower teeth, and the soft palate is raised, forming an obstruction. Use force to blow out the obstruction without vibrating the vocal cords.

D d The lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue and the upper gums form an obstruction, air is supplied to clear the obstruction, and the vocal cords vibrate.

F f The lower lip lightly touches the edge of the upper teeth, and the airflow causes friction through the gap between the lips and teeth, without vibrating the vocal cords.

G g The lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is against the lower teeth, the soft palate is raised, forming an obstruction, air is supplied to clear the obstruction, and the vocal cords vibrate.

H h The tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth lightly, the lips and teeth are slightly open, the vocal cords do not vibrate, and the airflow passes through the glottis and comes out of the mouth.

J j The lips and teeth are slightly open, the corners of the mouth are slightly tilted back, the tip of the tongue is downward close to the lower teeth, the front of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate, air is blown through the gap between the tongue surface and the hard palate to form friction, and the vocal cords must vibrate. .

K k The lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is against the lower teeth, and the soft palate is raised, forming an obstruction. Use force to blow out the obstruction without vibrating the vocal cords.

L l The lips and teeth are slightly open, the lower jaw is slightly drooped, the tip of the tongue is against the upper gums, and the airflow passes through the gap between both sides of the tongue and the molars, vibrating the vocal cords.

M m The lips are lightly closed, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, the tongue surface is naturally flat, the soft palate droops, the airflow passes through the nasal cavity and vibrates the vocal cords.

N n The lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the teeth, the soft palate droops, air is sent through the nasal cavity, and the vocal cords vibrate.

P p Close the lips tightly, place the tip of the tongue against the lower teeth, keep the tongue surface flat, and blow out the air with force to break the obstruction without vibrating the vocal cords.

qu sends k first, followed by w.

R r The lips and teeth are open, the lower jaw is slightly drooped, the tip of the tongue is against the lower teeth, the back of the tongue surface is raised, and the uvula naturally droops. The air is supplied to make the uvula vibrate and vibrate the vocal cords.

S s The lips are slightly open, the upper and lower teeth are slightly apart, the tip of the tongue is lightly pressed against the lower teeth, the air is blown through the gap between the front tongue and the upper and lower teeth to create friction, and the vocal cords vibrate (not in the middle and at the end of the word) vibration). The lips are slightly open, the upper and lower teeth are slightly apart, the tip of the tongue is lightly pressed against the lower teeth, and the air is blown through the gap between the front tongue and the upper and lower teeth to create friction without vibrating the vocal cords

T t The lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue and the upper teeth are The gums form an obstruction. Use force to blow out the obstruction without vibrating the vocal cords.

V v The lower lip lightly touches the edge of the upper teeth, and the airflow causes friction through the gap between the lips and teeth, without vibrating the vocal cords.

W w The lower lip lightly touches the edge of the teeth, and the airflow causes friction through the gap between the lips and teeth, vibrating the vocal cords.

X x is pronounced as a compound sound of k and s.

Y y The lips and teeth are slightly open, the corners of the mouth are slightly tilted back, the tip of the tongue is downward close to the lower teeth, the front of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate, air is sent through the gap between the tongue surface and the hard palate to form friction, and the vocal cords must vibrate .

Z z The tip of the tongue first touches the gums, then drops slightly, and the air flows out of the mouth, forming a fricative sound.

2. Understand vowels.

A a Open the mouth wide, place the tongue naturally flat, and press the tip of the tongue against the lower teeth.

The lips and teeth are open, the grin is flat, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth lightly, and the front of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate.

E e The lips and teeth are open, the grin is flat, the tip of the tongue lightly touches the lower teeth, and the front of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate.

I i The lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower teeth, the corners of the mouth are curled back, and the front of the tongue is raised forward.

O o The lips are stretched forward to form a round shape, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, and the tongue is raised toward the soft palate.

The tongue is positioned like an e, the lips are shaped like an o, and the lips are stretched forward to form a round shape.

U u The lips are stretched forward to form a round shape, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, and the tongue surface is raised toward the back of the hard palate.

ü The tongue position is like an i, the lips are shaped like a u, and the lips are stretched forward to form a round shape.

When y is in the middle or at the end of a word, it is equivalent to the vowel ü.

When the five vowels and three altered vowels are followed by no consonants or only one consonant, their names are pronounced, that is, their long sounds are pronounced: zu Bad mir Bete

For visual words, the vowel letter followed by only one consonant letter must make a sound, that is, a short sound: ab an des fit was

3. Consonant concatenation:

chs Wachs

ds Abends

nk Dank

sp Speck

st Stahl

ts nichts

tz Litze

4. Vowel group:

aa Open your mouth wide, place your tongue naturally and flatly, and press the tip of your tongue against your lower teeth.

ee The lips and teeth are open, the grin is flat, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth lightly, and the front of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate.

ie The lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower teeth, the corners of the mouth are curled back, and the front of the tongue is raised forward.

oo The lips are stretched forward to form a round shape, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, and the tongue is raised toward the soft palate.

5. Compound consonants:

ch The lips and teeth are slightly open, the corners of the mouth are slightly tilted back, the tip of the tongue is downward close to the lower teeth, the front of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate, and air is blown through the surface of the tongue and the The gap between the hard palate creates friction and the vocal cords do not vibrate. The vowel in front of ch should be pronounced, such as ech, ich.

ch The lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is against the lower teeth, and the back tongue is inflated toward the soft palate. The air is blown through the gap between the tongue surface and the soft palate to cause friction, and the vocal cords are not vibrated. The vowel in front of ch is sometimes pronounced as a name. , sometimes the sound is pronounced: ach och auch

ck. Only one k sound is pronounced, and the preceding vowel must be pronounced, that is, a short sound.

dsch The lips are stretched forward, the upper and lower teeth are slightly open, and the tip of the tongue is pressed against the upper gums. When the airflow passes through, it breaks away the obstruction and comes out from the gap between the tip of the tongue, the palate, the teeth and the lips. , the vocal cords will vibrate.

dt has only one t sound.

ng The lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, the tongue surface is raised against the hard palate, the soft palate droops, air is sent through the nasal cavity, and the vocal cords vibrate.

ph The lower lip lightly touches the edge of the teeth, and the airflow causes friction through the gap between the lips and teeth, without vibrating the vocal cords.

sch The lips are slightly extended forward and slightly pinched together, the upper and lower teeth are slightly opened, the tip of the tongue is raised upwards to the gums, and air is sent through the gap between the tip of the tongue, the palate, the teeth and the lips, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

ss The lips are slightly open, the upper and lower teeth are slightly apart, the tip of the tongue is lightly pressed against the lower teeth, and the air is blown through the gap between the front tongue and the upper and lower teeth to create friction without vibrating the vocal cords.

th has only one t sound.

tsch The lips are stretched forward, the upper and lower teeth are slightly open, and the tip of the tongue is pressed against the upper gums. When the airflow passes through, it breaks away the obstruction and comes out from the gap between the tip of the tongue, the palate, the teeth and the lips. , the vocal cords do not vibrate.

6. The pronunciation of a vowel plus h.

ah Open your mouth wide, place your tongue naturally and flatly, and place the tip of your tongue against your lower teeth. h The tongue position is like pronouncing eh, the lower jaw is drooping, and the mouth is wide open, which is close to the mouth shape of pronouncing ah.

eh The lips and teeth are open, the grin is flat, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth lightly, and the front of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate.

ih The lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower teeth, the corners of the mouth are curled back, and the front of the tongue is raised forward.

oh The lips are stretched forward to form a round shape, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, and the tongue is raised toward the soft palate. h The tongue position is like eh, the lip shape is like oh, and the lips are stretched forward to form a round shape.

uh The lips are stretched forward to form a round shape, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, and the tongue surface is raised toward the back of the hard palate.

üh The lips are stretched forward and formed into a round shape, like pronouncing uh, and the tongue position is like pronouncing ih.

7. Special vowel groups.

ai, ei, ay, ey, diphthongs, sliding from a to ih.

au, a diphthong, slides from a to uh. u, eu, diphthongs, sliding from o to üh.

er, pronounced with the weak vowel e, the lips are slightly open, the corners of the mouth are not tilted back, the lower jaw is naturally drooped, and the tongue is flat.

2. Basic stage.

German is an inflectional language, and its grammatical characteristics are as follows:

German words are divided into 13 categories according to their grammatical functions: articles, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, numerals, and verbs. , conjunctions, prepositions, adverbs, modal particles, modal words, interjections, and onomatopoeia. The first six categories have morphological changes and are called variable parts of speech; the last six categories have no morphological changes and are called invariant parts of speech.

The first letter of nouns in German must be capitalized. German nouns have three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter). Except for the gender comparison rules of nouns that directly refer to people, the genders of other words are often irregular. German also has four cases (nominative, accusative, dative, possessive) and two numbers (singular and plural). In use, in addition to some changes in the noun itself, it mainly relies on changes in the articles, pronouns, adjectives and several numerals before the noun to express the gender, number and case of the noun in the sentence. When learning a noun, you must remember its gender and remember it together with the article.

The conjugations of verbs include person, number, and tense: including present tense (pr?sens), past tense (Pr?terium), future tense (Futur I), present perfect tense (Perfekt), past tense Changes in perfect tense (Plusquamperfekt) and future perfect tense (Futur II), voice (active voice, passive voice), and mode (indicative, imperative, subjunctive). For example, the present tense is used to express things happening now, the past tense is used to express things in the past, and the first subjunctive is used in indirect speech. German verbs can be divided into weak conjugation, strong conjugation and mixed conjugation verbs. When learning verbs, you must learn their conjugation forms.

Features of German sentence structure:

The verb predicate is the core of the sentence. It requires the object of each case or the object of the preposition and various complements.

In ordinary declarative sentences, when the subject or other sentence components are at the beginning of the sentence, the predicate verb always comes second. If the predicate consists of two parts, that is, a variable part (temporal auxiliary verb or modal auxiliary verb) and an invariable part (the infinitive or second participle of the verb), the variable part comes second (in some sentences it comes second (one person), and the constant part is at the end of the sentence. This is a unique predicate "frame structure" in German.

Another feature of syntax is that the verb predicate in the clause is located at the end of the sentence, and the order of the sentence components is: conjunction or relative pronoun - subject and other components of the sentence - verb predicate.