"Don Quixote" storyline

The famous novel "Don Quixote" (1602~1615) is Cervantes' masterpiece. The full name of the novel is "Don Quixote de la Manche, the Gentleman of Fantasy" Volume 2. It mainly describes a thin and declining aristocrat, Quixote, who is obsessed with ancient knight novels and actually looks like an ancient knight. Dressed up with armor-piercing horses, using an ugly pig girl as the worshiping lady of the beauty, and using the short and fat farmer Sancho Panza as his attendant, he set out three times to travel around the country to create a knight who supported the weak and hoe the strong. Performance. As a result, he made a lot of jokes, was humiliated everywhere, was beaten seriously, or was sent home as a lunatic. There are nearly 700 characters appearing in the novel, and the scenes depicted range from the palace to the wilderness all over the country. It reveals various contradictions in the declining Spanish Kingdom from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 17th century, condemns the debauchery and decadence of the aristocratic class, shows the people's pain and struggle, and touches on politics, economy, morality, culture and customs. question. The novel creates two famous typical characters in world literature, the ridiculous, respectable, and pathetic Quixote and the pragmatic, timid, yet smart and fair peasant Sancho. It organically combines realism and romanticism, and is both simple and honest. It contains unpretentious real life, as well as comically exaggerated fictional plots. It has reached a new level in reflecting the depth and breadth of reality and in shaping the typicality of characters.

This book can be called a classic, but it is best not to read it with such a serious eye, because this book was a street reading for a long time after it was published, and its value was also considered It's just "funny" (Cervantes was uneducated, but he was a genius. He was the funniest writer in Spain - as people said at the time). No matter what reviews it has received, this book is indeed funny. I write this I couldn't help but laugh when I read this article. The language of this book is light and lively. It seems that every sentence is picked up and very appropriate, but it is not so precise. Even the connection of the plot is very casual, so that there are many loopholes, but this does not affect the appeal of the whole book. , this book has a kind of vitality that comes from the folk. If you get together and joke with a bunch of simple country people, you can feel this warm, natural vitality.

The author Cervantes is just such a low-level character in society. He is a disabled sergeant who was captured and used as a slave. During this period, he led his brothers to escape several times, but was captured all the time. After being redeemed, he was impoverished, and writing did not help him escape poverty. He also went to jail several times for unreasonable disasters... and finally died of edema. After his death, people did not know his exact burial place.

Don Quixote, a country gentleman, was fascinated by reading novels about knights, and wanted to put the various behaviors of knights in the books into reality. He offered benefits and inducements, and actually persuaded his neighbor Sancho. Become his slave, and thus a madman and a fool begin this "Great Messenger."

In adventures, talking to others, as long as it does not involve chivalry, Don Quixote has a clear mind and insight. He has firm beliefs and noble moral character. He can be called a model of knights. He pursues justice wholeheartedly. He is not afraid to "fight" against imaginary enemies, not even risking his life. He firmly believes that he should help the weak, but in fact, he often causes trouble for others. He defends purity and loyalty, and sticks to his self-righteous love without regrets, but his so-called "lover" is a stout village girl who doesn't know him at all. He lived in an imaginary world, experienced setbacks without regret, thinking that this was just a "magician's trick", and constantly encouraged Sancho - knights always have to go through all kinds of hardships before they can achieve great achievements.

And what about Sancho? He is a farmer who only sees immediate benefits and only cares about himself. Because Don Quixote promised him various benefits, he followed him as a slave. He was satisfied with the enjoyment of food and drink, and kept thinking about Don Quixote's various whims. exposed, full of complaints about his poor life. "The eagle flying in the sky is not as good as the hen running on the ground." He dealt with the problem based on common sense, and the governor actually did a good job. Of course, later he felt tired and didn't want to be the governor.

The adventures of the master and the servant are somewhat similar to the adventures of the four masters and masters of Tang Monk in "Journey to the West", except that the former is an absurdity set in the real world, while the latter is a struggle set in the mythical world. . This reminds people of the issue of faith. Faith is far away, like a light in the distance. The world in front of us is limited to experience, is emotional, shallow and perhaps "normal". Sancho is an irrational fool who only knows about enjoyment. The master and servant seem to be contradictory, but in fact they are inseparable.

Don Quixote's ideals are certainly ridiculous, but who can laugh at him? If a person has some ideals and beliefs that excite him/her, is it more real and noble than Don Quixote's dream of a knight-errant? If not, who wants to be Sancho and be satisfied with the happiness in front of him? Who would be willing to do this?

To put it simply, let’s end with a joke from that time.

The king of Spain at the time saw a student reading and laughing wildly on the balcony of the palace, and concluded that the student must be Watching Don Quixote, otherwise you're a lunatic. Sure enough, that guy was watching "Don Quixote."

The author is a tragic figure just like his Don Quixote. Don Quixote is a poor gentleman from La Manche, Spain. He is in his fifties, "slender, with a pale face." He loves to read chivalry novels, and his mind is filled with absurd stories about magic, jousting, war, love, pain, etc. He is also very pedantic and believes that everything written in the book is absolutely true. Therefore, he fancied that he wanted to be a knight errant, "to eliminate all atrocities, bear all kinds of hardships and dangers, and achieve success in the future, and his name will be passed down through the ages." He found a set of broken armor passed down from his ancestors and wiped it again and again. When the visor was broken, he used cardboard to patch it up. There was a skinny horse in his family, and he gave it a nice name "驽jun rare", which means "it was originally a rag horse, but now it is the best among horses." According to the custom of knights, in addition to a famous horse, they also have to choose a person of their choice. He chose Aldonsha Lozhenso, a peasant girl from a neighboring village. He named her Dulcinene, which means "sweet and tender." He made a spear again and carried a shield on his arm, looking like a knight. He went out three times to fight against injustice. There have been various encounters and a lot of jokes.

Don Quixote's first trip was alone, which lasted two days. The first day he saw an inn on the road and used it as a fortress. There were two prostitutes standing in the door of the shop, and he regarded them as ladies from a famous family; he also regarded the owner as the fortress commander. He remembered that he was an unnamed knight and asked the "master of the fortress" to grant him a knighthood. The owner is a joker. He saw that Don Quixote was a little crazy, and after entering the store, he beat the muleteer again. He was afraid of causing trouble again, so he quickly complied with Don Quixote's request. The shopkeeper asked a boy to light a candle and asked two prostitutes to follow him. He himself took a ledger and asked Don Quixote to kneel before him. Then, muttering to the account book, he slapped Don Quixote hard on the neck, tapped him hard on the shoulder with his sword, and then one of the prostitutes hung the sword on him, and another prostitute hung the sword on him. Put the spurs on him. The bestowal ceremony is completed. Don Quixote got up and thanked "Sir" with joy in his heart.

The next day, he followed the "sir"'s advice and decided to go home because he had to buy luggage and find a servant. In a forest, he saw a fifteen-year-old shepherd boy tied to a tree. The owner scolded him for losing the sheep and beat him severely with a belt. When Don Quixote saw an injustice on the road, he drew his sword to help, stepped forward to rescue the shepherd boy, and warned and intimidated the rich farmer. Then he walked away. After Don Quixote had gone away, the rich peasant tied up the child again and beat him even more desperately.

Don Quixote meets a group of businessmen. He treated them as a troop of soldiers and charged at them with his spear and horse. As a result, he was knocked off his horse by a mule driver and lay on the ground unable to move. A neighbor from the same village who went to grind wheat found him and rescued him home.

Don Quixote's friends, the barber and the priest, believe that Don Quixote's crazy behavior is poisoned by chivalric novels. With the assistance of Don Quixote's niece and housekeeper, they searched Don Quixote's library, threw most of the books on chivalry into the yard, and set fire to it.

Don Quixote went out as a ranger for the second time fifteen days later. He persuaded Sancho Panza, a short, fat, bearded peasant, to become a servant. Don Quixote agreed to make him governor of the island in the future. Sancho's family was very poor and he wanted to go out and try his luck. Besides, being a servant meant earning wages, so he agreed. So Sancho rode one of his own mules and set off together with Don Quixote's lean horse.

The first thing he saw was that there were thirty or forty windmills in the countryside. Spanish farmers used wind power to turn stone mills to grind wheat and feed. But Don Quixote regarded it as thirty or forty giants, and regarded the wings of the windmill as the arms of the giants, who wanted to fight forward.

Although Sancho shouted that it was a windmill and wanted to stop him, Don Quixote's mind was full of monsters and monsters and he didn't even pay attention to it. He rushed towards the first windmill and pierced its wings with his spear. Just then a gust of wind came up, and the windmill broke his spear into several pieces, and Don Quixote was thrown out, including his horse and man. Thanks to Sangqiu's help, he finally got up from the ground. That day, they spent an unlucky night in the woods.

The next day, Don Quixote met a group of pedestrians, followed by a carriage with a noble lady who was going to Seville. Don Quixote regarded the two monks wearing masks and holding parasols who were walking in front as robbers who had kidnapped the princess. He raised his gun and rushed forward. One monk was so frightened that he fell off the mule's back, while the other fled. Then he had a great battle with the Bisgai, the lady's servants. As a result, his sword hit the servant's head, and the lady in the carriage quickly begged Don Quixote to be magnanimous and merciful and spare her servant's life. Don Quixote happily agreed. In this way, he won his first victory since the trip. Sancho was filled with admiration, thinking that by following such a heroic master, he would soon be able to obtain the grant from his governor.

They went to an inn to rest. Don Quixote once again regarded the inn as a fortress. At night, he also regarded a maid who stole men as the daughter of the "fortress commander" who was in love with him. For this he received a sound beating from his maid's lover (a mule driver). The next day, when Don Quixote left the inn, Sancho was caught by the people because he had not paid the room fee. They tuck Sancho in the bed blanket and throw him in the air, "playing him like a carnival dog." Don Quixote rode back to save him, but the shop door was closed. He watched through a wall, anxious to death. It wasn't until people exhausted all their strength that they released Sancho.

Two groups of sheep came on the road. Don Quixote regarded the calls of rams and ewes as "the neighing of horses, the long sound of horns, and the sound of drums", and regarded the sheep as two armies on the left and right appearing in front of him. He held the spear tightly, rushed forward like a flash of lightning, and stabbed randomly with the spear. In this way, many sheep were killed and injured by him. In the end, he was also knocked down by the shepherd throwing stones, and three or four of his teeth were knocked out. While this happened, Sancho was pulling at his beard and cursing his bad luck in following such a mad master. After the shepherd left, he went up, helped Don Quixote up, and complained that the master should not bring trouble to himself. Don Quixote explained to him that he had been tricked by the magician. The magician was jealous of his victory, so he turned the two hostile armies into two flocks of sheep. In the evening, Don Quixote broke up another funeral procession because he thought the dead people in the car were the murdered knights.

In a mountain, Don Quixote heard a strange noise. He took it as a signal of an important enemy situation and told Sancho to wait for him where he was. He wanted to go on an adventure alone. At this time, it was already dark, and the timid Sancho was frightened to death. He could not let his master leave, so he secretly tied the master's horse's legs with a rope and tied one end to his own mule. Don Quixote whipped his horse to go, but the horse just spun in circles. He thought he was possessed again. So he sat on his horse and waited until dawn. After daybreak, Sancho quietly untied the rope. Not wanting to be left alone, he followed Don Quixote in the direction of the noise. They came to a stream and found that the noise was caused by a calendering machine installed there.

At this time, it started to rain. A passing barber held a copper basin on his head to keep out the rain. When Don Quixote saw it, he insisted that it was the knight's shining helmet, and rushed forward with his gun. The barber thought it was a trail-cutting robber, so he jumped off the mule and ran away. Don Quixote seized the copper basin and placed it on his head. Sancho brought over the barber's mule and took his luggage for himself.

Don Quixote met a group of prisoners who were being escorted to a ship to perform hard labor. He asked them one by one why they were imprisoned, sympathized with their plight, killed the escorts and released all the prisoners. However, he had a conflict with one of the most ferocious prisoners, Gines: Don Quixote wanted the prisoner to report the good deeds he had done to his beloved, Dulcinese, but Gines refused to do it. As a result, Don Quixote was beaten by the prisoner. He said to Sancho dejectedly: "To do good to bad people is to pour water into the sea." In order to avoid the pursuit of the patrol, Don Quixote did not dare to take the main road, and he and Sancho walked into a deep mountain. Here they met a young man named Cardinal.

Cardinaluin's lover Lu Xinda was taken away by the playboy Don Fernando. He was pessimistic and disappointed, and hid in the mountains and lived a life like a savage. Don Quixote was inspired and decided that he would also suffer for the one he loved and live a life of cultivation in the mountains. He sent Sancho home. This sudden decision surprised Sancho, but it was impossible for him to change his master's opinion.

Sancho walked back. In the inn he met the priest and barber of the same village. He told them about Don Quixote's training in the mountains. They discussed together how to bring Don Quixote home. Finally, they decided on a plan: the barber would disguise himself as a noble lady in distress, and the priest would disguise himself as a servant, to lure Don Quixote out of the mountain to avenge the noble lady, in order to trick him into returning home. So Sancho led the way back to look for Don Quixote. In the mountains, they first met the lovelorn young man Cardinal. Then, he met Dorotai, a girl disguised as a man. This is a beautiful young woman who escaped from home. It turned out that she was deceived by the playboy Don Fernando, who first agreed to marry her. Later, Don Fernando fell in love with Lu Xinda and abandoned her. The priest and his entourage sympathized with her plight, especially when Cardinalo heard her mention the names of Don Fernando and Lucinda, he became even more angry. At this time, the priest also told the purpose of his coming to the mountains and the story of rescuing Don Quixote, and asked them to find his friend together. Dorotai said it was more suitable for her to play the role of a woman in distress. The priest and barber were very happy after hearing this, so they asked her to dress up as a princess, pretending that her kingdom had been usurped by traitors, and asked Don Quixote to help her restore the kingdom. They all dressed up as the princess's entourage. Things went well and they found Don Quixote in the mountains. He also fully agreed to the "princess's" request, thinking that it was his unshirkable duty as a knight. So he left this deep mountain.

Don Quixote and his party stayed in a hotel. The shopkeeper was also greatly influenced by chivalric novels. He placed Don Quixote in a room where many wineskins full of red wine were piled up. Don Quixote was thinking about revenge for Dorotai. He even dreamed of fighting against the giant who persecuted the princess. He killed the wineskin as if it were the giant's head, and the red wine flowed all over the floor. He thought it was the giant's blood. When the shop owner found out, there was nothing he could do.

A group of guests came to the inn, escorting a girl wearing a mask. This girl is Lu Xinda. On the day she was forced to get married by Don Fernando, she originally wanted to commit suicide, but she fainted. Don Fernando found a knife and a suicide note on her body, and the wedding did not go ahead. After being rescued, she fled into the convent. However, Don Fernando found her again. Now he was escorting her home from the convent. Dorotai recognized Don Fernando and asked him to marry Lucinda and Cardinho. At first, Don Fernando refused. Later, he couldn't resist the unanimous persuasion of everyone and finally agreed. In this way, Don Fernando and Dorotei reconciled.

The next day, the guests will separate. They thought of a way to deal with Don Quixote: in the middle of the night, people rushed into his house, tied him up, put him in a wooden cage, and then put him on an ox cart to make him believe that he was possessed. . He was then escorted home by the priest and barber. Thus Don Quixote ended his second knight-errant activity.

Don Quixote's third trip took place a month later. The housekeeper used six hundred eggs to nurse him back to health. He learned from his neighbor, the maester Samson Garrasgo, that the city of Saragossa was going to hold an annual tournament. He wanted to go there to win honor, so he secretly discussed it with Sancho for a while, and then went on the trip without telling his family. After Gallasgo learned about it, he disguised himself as a "Mirror Knight" and intercepted him on the way. Gallasgo wanted to send Don Quixote home after his defeat. However, Garrasgo's horse stumbled and was knocked down by Don Quixote. This victory made Don Quixote extremely proud. He made up his mind to "revitalize the declining chivalry" and regarded it as his duty to "support the weak and hoe the strong, and rescue the dangers and relieve the causes".

Don Quixote met a vehicle carrying a lion on the road. The lion was dedicated to the emperor. Not wanting to be outdone in front of the lion, he decided to compete with the king of beasts. He used a spear to force the lion's caretaker to open the cage door. The lion was strong and mighty. It stretched its waist and opened its mouth again. But it seems indifferent to random offenses. It did not rush out of the cage door, but looked around casually, turned around, lazily, and slowly lay down in the cage again.

Don Quixote then ordered the person in charge of the lion to hit it with a few sticks to make the lion lose its temper and run away. But the man in charge of the lion refused to do it. He said that if this happened, he would have to be torn apart by the lion first. He paid Don Quixote a false compliment and then closed the cage door. After this, Don Quixote gave himself the honorable title of "Lion Knight". Immediately following this victory, he helped a poor young man Basilius regain his beloved beauty Jidelia from the rich man. Both he and Sancho were well received.

One day, Don Quixote met a Duke and his wife who were hunting in the woods. They have long heard of Don Quixote's absurd deeds. When they knew that it was Don Quixote and his servants who appeared in front of them, they wanted to play tricks on them. They welcomed Don Quixote back to their castle with a grand ceremony to welcome the knight. The Duchess was particularly fond of Sancho's amusing conversation, and she devoted herself to making him happy. They held a large safari at night. The Duke and Duchess secretly ordered their servants to dress up as Dulcinene, a magician and Don Quixote's love interest. The magician brought Dulsinene to Don Quixote and told Don Quixote that Dulsinene was possessed. The only way to save her was for Sancho to withstand three thousand three hundred lashes. Punishment Sancho had deceived his master by telling a passing country woman that it was Dulcinene's fault. Sancho was afraid of being whipped, but after his master begged him, he had no choice but to agree. However, he put forward a condition: the whipping could not be paid off at once, which he could not bear and had to pay off gradually in the future. The duke's steward then dressed up as a "countess in a three-tailed skirt" and begged Don Quixote to go to heaven to fight the magician, because the magician turned a noble lady like her and her maid into a bearded man. Don Quixote resolutely agreed, but he was worried that he would not be able to go to heaven. The Countess said that he and his servants could ride on a magical wooden horse.

In the Duke's Garden, Don Quixote and Sancho were blindfolded and sitting on a large wooden horse. The Duke ordered several large bellows to be brought up, and they blew the wind towards them, making all kinds of noises. Don Quixote imagined that he was flying in the air to fight the magician. Then the horse's tail was set on fire with flax. The horse's belly was filled with fireworks and the like, and immediately there was a crackling explosion, throwing both Don Quixote and Sancho to the ground. Don Quixote opened his eyes and saw the people lying prostrate on the ground, his spear stuck in a piece of white parchment. On it was written the praise of heaven for his merits, saying that he had relieved the countess from her suffering. The Duke and Duchess pretended to be very surprised, and made the farce look as if it were real.

In order to fulfill Sancho's long-cherished wish, the Duke and Duchess pretended to make him the governor of the island and asked him to take office in a piece of their own territory. Before leaving, Don Quixote carefully admonished Sancho. He is required to "accord God's will above and human feelings below" and practice "forgiveness" as much as possible during his tenure, because "charity is more glorious and greater than justice." Tell him to be thrifty, simple and clean in his life, and not to sleep too much. Sancho accepted them one by one, thinking that they were all "good advice."

Sancho took him to accompany the steward to his appointment. The steward was sent to play a trick on him. On the day Sancho arrived, the steward arranged for a group of residents to complain. The "Governor" was troubled by various difficult lawsuits, but Sancho analyzed the matter clearly and made a fair decision. This surprised people. After handling the case, Sancho was sent to a gorgeous mansion. A table was set up in the dining room for the prince to enjoy a sumptuous meal. As soon as Sancho entered the door, the trumpet began to play, and four boys came up to pour him water to wash his hands. Sancho was hungry and tired, so he asked for food as soon as he sat down at the table. Next to him stood a man holding a whalebone stick. Whenever Sancho was about to eat a dish, he pointed the stick quickly, and the waiter who served the dish quickly came up and took the dish away. This was repeated more than ten times, and all the dishes were taken away, and Sancho didn't take a bite. He was so angry that he asked, what kind of trick is this? The man with the whalebone stick said that he was his doctor and he should be responsible for his health. The dishes that "Lord Governor" wanted to eat were exactly what he couldn't eat. Sancho got angry. He said that he would not even be able to eat as governor, so he did not want to be an official anymore. When people saw that he was so angry, they allowed him to eat bread and grapes.

During his tenure, Sancho was honest and upright, personally formulated laws, stipulated prices, prohibited the sale of grain, strictly prohibited obscene songs, and managed the area in an orderly and impeccable manner.

In the end, the manager directed a trick of "foreign enemy" invasion. Sancho was asked to wear armor and go to war. The armor was so narrow and long that it tortured him almost to death.

After the "foreign enemies" subsided, Sancho felt that it was not easy to be the governor. He said: "I was not born to be a governor...it is better for a person to do his own job." So he abandoned his official position and ran away. He returned to the duke's residence and said to the duke: "I went in naked, and I am still naked now; I did not suffer any loss, nor did I take any advantage. Whether I am a good official or not, there are witnesses there who can let them say. I Difficulties were solved, cases were pronounced, and I was often starved to death..."

The tourney in Zaragoza is approaching. Don Quixote's master and servant bid farewell to the Duke and set off. On the way, he wanted to intercept a group of bullfights. The result was really disastrous. Don Quixote's master and servant were knocked down by the cattle and trampled on, almost losing their lives. Finally, a "Knight of the White Moon" came and decided to duel with Don Quixote, and they both agreed that whoever loses will be punished. As a result, the "Knight of the White Moon" knocked Don Quixote off his horse and defeated him. The "Knight of the White Moon" sent him home and was not allowed to go out for a year. It turns out that this "Knight of the White Moon" is none other than fellow countryman Samson Garrathgo. Don Quixote didn't know what was going on, so he had no choice but to obey the agreement and walked home dejectedly. On the way home, Sancho pays off the three thousand three hundred lashes at Don Quixote's request in order to free Dulcinea from the spell. But he beat himself, both lightly and cheating. He screamed as he struck the tree trunk with the whip, thinking it was a slap on his own ass.

When Don Quixote returned home, he had a high fever and lay in bed for six days, unable to get out of bed. At last he was dying. Finally, he came to his senses and said to his family and friends who gathered around him: "I used to read those chivalric novels all day and all night, and I was fascinated by them; now I feel that my heart is suddenly enlightened and I understand clearly. Now I know that those books are all It’s nonsense, I just regret that it’s too late to repent.” He expressed his "deep hatred for chivalry novels" and told his niece to "marry someone who has never read chivalry novels", otherwise he would cancel her property inheritance rights, and then he died.