Detailed information of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway

Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway started construction on September 4th, 1905. Together with railway staff, Zhan Tianyou successfully completed two difficult tunnel projects, Juyongguan and Badaling. Four years later,1/kloc-0 was completed on August 6th, and opened to traffic on October 2nd. Moreover, the construction cost is 352,000 taels less than the original budget (some people say that it saved 282,000 taels). The total cost is only one-fifth of the price charged by foreign contractors in the past, which can be described as low cost, good quality and fast completion. In the face of hard facts, foreigners can't help but be impressed. Jing-Zhang Railway is the first railway designed and built by China people themselves, which is the glory of China people and China engineering and technical circles, and also the victory of China people's anti-imperialist struggle in the modern history of China. 1922 erected a bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou at Qinglongqiao Railway Station, 1987 built the Zhan Tianyou Memorial Hall nearby. At that time, all buses entering Beijing had to stop for half an hour to pay homage to the bronze statue and memorial hall of Zhan Tianyou.

Accurately speaking, "the first railway built by China people" is not the Jing-Zhang railway. 190 1 year, Cixi returned to Beijing after fleeing and took the train for the first time. The train left a good impression on her, and she proposed to go to Xiling to worship the mausoleum by train two years later. So the Qing court urgently raised funds to build the branch line from Gaobeidian Station of Beijing-Han Railway to Lianggezhuang Imperial Tomb. Liang Ruhao, a "young child studying in the United States" in the General Office of Internal and External Railways, presided over this matter, and he recommended Zhan Tianyou. Zhan Tianyou stood out from the crowd, directing the rapid completion of the project in the ice and snow with difficult construction.

This is the first railway independently built by China people. Although it is only 37 kilometers, it is ironic: it was built for one person to worship his ancestors.

Zhangjiakou is the hub for Beijing to enter Inner Mongolia, and the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has obvious military, economic and political value. News of the road construction has spread that Britain, the most influential country in China, is determined to win, and Russia, which regards the north of the Great Wall as its sphere of influence, will not give in. The two sides couldn't stand each other, and finally reached an agreement: if the Qing court didn't borrow foreign debts or use foreign craftsmen, it would be built by China people independently, and neither side could reach out. In the eyes of Britain and China, backward has no ability at all, and it is deadlocked and waiting for China people to ask for help.

On September 30th 1906, all the first blocks of the project were opened to traffic, and the second blocks started at the same time. That's the difficulty. First of all, we should open four tunnels: Juyongguan, Wuguitou, Shifosi and Badaling. Badaling tunnel is the longest1092m. This requires not only accurate calculation and correct command, but also new mountain cutters, ventilators and pumps. The former was not a problem for Zhan Tianyou, while the latter was not available in China at that time, and it could only be done by workers.

The story is well known: Zhan Tianyou used the north and south ends to dig into the middle point of the tunnel at the same time. But the tunnel is too long, and then two vertical shafts are dug in the middle, which can be dug in the opposite direction, so that six working faces can be carried out at the same time. Using the principle of "broken line", he built a zigzag route to reduce the climbing degree and used two trolleys to cross it. At the beginning of the railway construction, there was a derailment of carriages. Zhan Tianyou thought of a way: add an automatic hook invented by American Jenny to each car, so that it can be combined into a solid whole to ensure the safety when climbing.

190665438+February 1 1 In the most tense days of the project, Zhan Tianyou wrote in a letter to Willy, the son of Nosobu and his childhood friend:

At present, the situation in China is very unstable. She is conducting expensive experiments and trying to innovate. But no one can predict what will happen in the future. Only China people asked me to build this railway. If I had the right, I would be happy to introduce you to a job, but unfortunately, I am now instructed not to hire foreign employees.

Building a railway near Beijing often requires an unexpected "price". The railway passes through the grave of a former Taoist priest, who is a relative of the royal family and has influence in both the government and the public. This person led the masses to make trouble, stopped the project, privately promised to pay heavily bribes and demanded diversion. However, the north, south and west are cemeteries of dignitaries, and I don't know how much waste will be caused by the big diversion. Zhan Tianyou endured humiliation, spent a lot of time dealing with powerful people, and finally let the railway pass through the tomb wall. But in order to maintain "Feng Shui", we promised to build another river, send officials to burn incense and sacrifice, and then erect a monument to commemorate it after the road is completed. Engineers were outraged, but Zhan Tianyou said that as long as the railway can be repaired, other minor things can be tolerated.

The difficulty of the third bid section of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is second only to Guangou. The first thing I saw was Huailai Bridge, the longest bridge on Zhangjing Road, which was erected by seven 30.48-meter-long steel beams. Thanks to the correct command of Zhan Tianyou, the bridge was successfully completed.

The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was originally planned to be completed in six years. With the efforts of Zhan Tianyou, the whole line was opened to traffic on June 65438+August 65438+August 0909. The project not only did not overspend, but also saved 282 thousand silver.

The photos left by Zhan Tianyou to future generations seem to be unsmiling since childhood. He is a rigorous engineer, pragmatic and meticulous. But occasionally he will show his interest in studying abroad.

The Jing-Zhang Railway is a railway that is hosted by Zhan Tianyou and successfully built to connect Beijing and Zhangjiakou. This is a railway financed, surveyed, designed and built by China itself, with a total length of more than 200 kilometers. This road is "separated by mountains, with the most masonry and more than 7,000 feet of bridges, which is more dangerous and difficult than anywhere else." After the news of China's own Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway came out, foreigners sarcastically said that the China engineer who built this railway probably hasn't been born yet. Zhan Tianyou bravely undertook the arduous task of the chief engineer and encouraged the engineers to win glory for the country. Together with the railway staff, he overcame the difficulties of insufficient funds, machine shortage and weak technical force, successfully completed two difficult tunnel projects, Juyongguan and Badaling, and designed the herringbone track. Jing-Zhang Railway 1905 started in September, and 1909 was completed in August, two years ahead of schedule, with a fund balance of 282,000 silver. The total cost is only one-fifth of that charged by foreign contractors, which can be described as low cost, good quality and quick completion. Jing-Zhang Railway is the first railway trunk line designed and built by China people themselves, which is the glory of China people and China engineering and technical circles, and also the victory of China people's anti-imperialist struggle in the modern history of China.

Although the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway built by China people was a tragic victory under the special historical background at that time, Zhan Tianyou and Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, and the national spirit contained in them, have become the eternal pride of China people.

Zhangjiakou's important geographical position has always been a battleground for military strategists, so the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has important economic and political value. As soon as the news that the Qing court wanted to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway came out, Britain, which had occupied China for many years, was determined to win, while Russia, which was eyeing up, vowed not to give in. The weak Qing government dared not offend either side, so it was forced to use China's own engineers to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway.

Zhan Tianyou, an engineer with creative spirit and courage to overcome difficulties, really stepped onto the historical stage and realized his value and ambition. Faced with the contempt and ridicule of foreigners that "the China engineer who built the railway has not yet been born", Zhan Tianyou is under great pressure. After all, the project is so arduous that even the foreign invaders who greedily seized the right to build roads in China and built many railways are not sure.

"If I fail, it is not only my personal misfortune, but also the misfortune of all China engineers and even all China people! In order to prove the wisdom and ambition of China people, I have no choice. " It is this heroic spirit that, after four years of hardships, the 1909 Beijing-Zhangjia railway herringbone track and the 109 1 m Badaling tunnel have made China people proud, and also made foreigners who are ready to see jokes spit out their embarrassed tongues. As Gao Jinhao, the mayor of our city, said, Mr. Zhan Tianyou left us not only a railway, but also the national spirit, national will and national strength he passed on to us.

What also excites the Chinese people is that this is two years ahead of the project and the cost is 282,000 silver less than the budget.

"In today's world, there is no country without railways. China has a vast territory and rich resources ... It is difficult to revitalize its business due to inconvenient transportation and poor management. " On September 6th, 2002, Dr. Sun Yat-sen arrived in Zhangjiakou by train, with the ambition of "wishing to establish the Wild 20 Wan Li Railway".

At the beginning of the twentieth century, revolutionary storms surged. 19110 In June, the gunfire of Wuchang Uprising spread to the land of Bird, and revolutionaries outside the Great Wall also rose to respond, but under the enemy's counterattack, the uprising failed. In order to continue the struggle with the enemy, the insurgents pushed Zhang Lisheng and Zhang Ziguang (both from shangyi county) to Nanjing by car and asked Dr. Sun Yat-sen for advice on their future. After listening to their reports, Sun Yat-sen expressed his appreciation and comfort to the comrades in Chahar, Yanbei and Suiyuan beyond the Great Wall for holding armed uprisings under unfavorable circumstances, and encouraged them to say: The revolution is not afraid of failure, so we should learn from it, make persistent efforts and continue to struggle. After they returned to Zhangjiakou, according to the instructions of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, they secretly organized the people to fight Yuan Shikai. ..

1 91April1Sunday, under pressure, Sun Yat-sen officially resigned as interim president and began a long-term investigation in China, lobbying people's livelihood and advocating railway construction. After being entrusted by Yuan Shikai with the important task of "national railway supervision", Sun Yat-sen announced that he would "not interfere in politics for ten years" and would like to set up 20 Wan Li railways as an opposition. 1965438+On September 6th, 2002, Sun Yat-sen arrived in Zhangjiakou by train from Beijing. During the inspection of Zhangjiakou Railway Station, Sun Yat-sen made a speech, highly praised Zhan Tianyou's amazing act of adding luster to the nation, and took photos with the masses as a souvenir. After attending the welcoming conference held in Fuqing Theater, Sun Yat-sen summoned several local party leaders, Zhang Lisheng and Zhang Ziguang, to inquire about the local situation and encourage comrades to work hard and not to relax because of the founding of the Republic of China.

After the inspection in Zhangjiakou, Sun Yat-sen returned to Beijing by train on the morning of September 8. At that time, the farewell crowd filled the street.

1922 In May and June, He Mengxiong, the founder of Zhangjiakou Party Organization, developed the first batch of party member among the activists emerging in the Jingsui Railway Workers' Movement in Zhangjiakou, and established the first party group in our city, which made the Northern Railway Workers' Movement have a real leadership core.

With the construction and opening of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, modern industrial workers in Zhangjiakou came into being.

"Workers suffer, workers suffer, and workers' pants are broken and no one fills them. "

192 1 September, 2008, He Mengxiong visited Zhangjiakou and along the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway. He went deep into the sheds and dormitories of railway workers, talked with them and investigated their working and living conditions. During this period, he publicized Marxism-Leninism among workers, inspired their ideological consciousness and called on everyone to unite and establish organizations. He became the first person to combine Marxism-Leninism with the workers' movement in Zhangjiakou. 1922 In May and June, He Mengxiong developed the first batch of * * * party member among the activists who emerged in the workers' movement of Zhangjiakou Jingsui Railway. Among them, there are three in Zhangjiakou, namely Li Ze, Li Liansheng and Zhou Zhensheng. They are all workers in Zhangjiakou railway section. A few days later, the first group meeting was held in Li Pingan, Qiaodong, a railway worker's dormitory-Xing Laotou's dormitory. He Mengxiong presided over the meeting and officially announced the establishment of the first party group of Beijing-Suiyuan railway workers. This was the earliest organization established by the then * * * Production Party in Chahar and Suiyuan, north of the Great Wall. In the subsequent struggle, the prestige of the * * * production party among the workers became higher and higher.

19711On the night of February 22nd, the story of a special truck rescuing Huai 'an child Zhang Jingsheng was a microcosm of that era. The People's Daily reported this with the title Lifeline, and many magazines published Lifeline cartoons accordingly, which made the friendship story between the working class and the peasant class spread quickly throughout the country.

197165438+On the night of February 22nd, a young couple came to the passenger service station with a child in their arms after the service staff of Class C of Zhangjiakou South Station took over. It turns out that they are members of the lower middle peasants of Huai 'an commune. Their 14-month-old son got a corn bean stuck in his trachea. Due to the lack of sophisticated medical equipment in the local hospital, it is impossible to treat, and it needs to be transferred to Beijing Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Hospital for treatment.

Seeing that the child's lips were purple, he was short of breath, and blood was oozing from the facial capillaries, Liu Yurong, the passenger shift supervisor at that time, and his comrades in the team were particularly anxious. It's 9 o'clock in the evening, and the earliest bus to Beijing takes two hours. What to do, what to do, anxious Liu Yurong immediately asked the Party branch of Beijing Railway Dispatching Room for instructions. At this time, even if they were allowed to take the 906 freight car parked at the South Station at that time, they would have to wait for more than 40 minutes, but the 1 1 train on the railway line had to give way to him. To Liu Yurong's excitement, the Beijing Railway Dispatching Office quickly issued an order and immediately began to rescue the children. At the same time, while coordinating the work along the railway, Beijing is looking for pick-up vehicles for children.

When everyone was ready to send their children and parents to the car, Liu Yurong and several colleagues knew that they didn't have much money with them, so they took out all the money. ...

2 1: 00, 17: 06, the special goods carry the deep affection of the working class and rush to the capital. Liu Yurong contacted the stations along the route seven times.

Three hours and 40 minutes later, this special truck drove from the Great Wall to Beijing. An army military vehicle picked them up and quickly drove into the workers, peasants and soldiers hospital.

A week later, the child was discharged after rescue treatment. The child's father went to the commune with gratitude and talked about it in the brigade ... When he came to the station again, he told everyone that the child's name was changed to Zhang Jingsheng, which meant that the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway gave him a second life. Since then, People's Daily has reported this story with lifeline, and many magazines have published lifeline comic books. A story of the friendship between the working class and the peasant class quickly spread throughout the Great Wall, the railway system and the whole country.

In the process of building the entire Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway in Zhan Tianyou, the idea of economy runs through. The whole railway was completed in less than four years, two years less than originally planned. In addition, after the entire railway line was repaired, * * * consumed 6.935 million yuan of silver, 288,000 yuan less than the budget. After the completion of the railway, as Zhan Tianyou thought, the business was booming, which played an important role in the development of China's railway construction.

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to Zhan Tianyou.

Zhan Tianyou, an expert in railway engineering in China and a pioneer in railway engineering in China, is known as the "father of Chinese railways". 1905 ~ 1909 presided over the construction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway.

Zhan Tianyou, born in 186 1 (the 11th year of Xianfeng in Qing dynasty), died in 19 19 on April 24th. He was born in Nanhai, Guangdong, and his ancestral home is Wuyuan, Jiangxi. He is the first railway engineer in China, responsible for the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and other projects. Zhan Tianyou was born in 186 1 (the 11th year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty) to an ordinary family of tea merchants. Zhan Tianyou, a teenager, is very interested in machines, and often makes various machine models with the children in the neighborhood. Sometimes, he will secretly take apart the bells at home, fiddle with the components inside and ask questions that even adults can't answer. From 65438 to 0872, Zhan Tianyou, who was only 12 years old, went to Hongkong to sign up for the preparatory class for young children going abroad organized by the Qing government. After passing the exam, my father drew a note on a certificate of going abroad, which said, "If there is illness, life and death, everyone will live in peace." After that, he left his parents and came to the United States to study with the ideal of learning western "skills".

In the United States, students of overseas preparatory classes witnessed the great achievements of science and technology in North America and Western Europe and marveled at the rapid development of machinery, trains, ships and telecommunications manufacturing. Some students are pessimistic about the future of China, but Zhan Tianyou firmly said, "In the future, there will be trains and ships in China." With the belief of studying hard for the prosperity of the motherland, he studied hard and graduated from New Haven with 1877. In May of the same year, he was admitted to the Department of Civil Engineering of Yale University, majoring in railway engineering. After four years in college, Zhan Tianyou studied hard, ranking first in the graduation examination with excellent results. 188 1 year, of the 120 overseas students who returned from China, only two got their degrees, and Zhan Tianyou was one of them. After returning to China, Zhan Tianyou enthusiastically prepared to contribute his knowledge to the railway industry of the motherland. However, the officials of the Westernization School of the Qing government were superstitious about foreign countries, and they relied on foreigners blindly when building railways, regardless of Zhan Tianyou's professional expertise, and sent him to Fujian Naval Academy to learn to drive seagoing ships.

1882 1 1 was sent to the flagship "Wu Yang" as a driving officer to direct the drill. 1883, the Sino-French war broke out. In the second year, the long-planned French fleet entered the Minjiang River in succession, ready to go. However, He Zhangru, the shipping minister of the surrendering faction in charge of Fujian Navy, turned a deaf ear and even ordered: "Don't fire first, and offenders will be beheaded even if they win!" At this time, Zhan Tianyou privately said to Mr. Zhang, the captain of the Wu Yang, "There are many French warships with ulterior motives. Although we have received an order not to fire first, we must never take preventive measures in advance. " Because of Zhan Tianyou's warning, Wu Yang is very alert and ready to fight. When the French fleet launched a surprise attack, Zhan Tianyou braved heavy artillery fire and calmly and tactfully commanded the "Wu Yang" to move forward from left to right; Avoiding enemy fire, seizing fighter planes, and bombarding the French command ship "Walter" with its tail almost killed the commander of the French naval expedition. For this naval battle, Zilin Xibao, founded by British businessmen in Shanghai, also had to be surprised and praised in different places: "Westerners didn't expect China people to fight so bravely. Of the five students aboard the Wu Yang, Zhan Tianyou is the bravest. He is fearless in the face of the enemy. At the critical moment of life and death, he is as calm as ever. He has the courage to save many people in the water ... "

From the post-war to 1888, after many twists and turns, he was finally transferred to China Railway Corporation as an engineer, which was the beginning of his participation in the railway industry in China. Shortly after taking office, Zhan Tianyou was put to the test. At that time, the Tianjin-Hebei railway from Tianjin to Shanhaiguan was built to the Luanhe River, and a railway bridge across the Luanhe River was to be built. The Luanhe River bed has deep sediments and meets rising water and rapids. The railway bridge was designed by a world-class British engineer, but it failed. Later, Japanese engineers were hired as contractors, which was no good. Finally, the German engineer came out and was quickly defeated. Zhan Tianyou asked China people to do it themselves, but the Englishman in charge of the project had no choice but to agree to Zhan Tianyou's attempt.

Zhan Tianyou is a conscientious and down-to-earth person. After analyzing and summarizing the reasons for the failure of three foreign engineers, he dressed in work clothes and conducted field investigation and close-range measurement with the workers. At night, with the help of dim oil lamps, the geological structure of Luanhe River bed was carefully studied, analyzed and repeatedly compared, and finally the position of the pier was determined, and a new method-"pneumatic caisson method" was boldly decided to be adopted for the construction of the pier. Zhan Tianyou really succeeded in building the Luanhe River Bridge. This incident shocked the world: one China engineer actually solved a big problem that three foreign engineers could not complete. After Zhan Tianyou won the first battle, he immediately encountered a more severe test. 1905, the Qing government decided to build the first railway in China, namely the Jing-Zhang Railway.

Both Britain and Russia wanted to intervene, but their attempts failed because of the strong opposition of the people of China. The British and Russian envoys said in a threatening tone: "If the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was built by Russian engineers themselves, it has nothing to do with Britain and Russia." They think that, in this way, it is impossible to build a railway in China. At this critical moment, Zhan Tianyou accepted this arduous task without hesitation, and was solely responsible for building the railway from Beijing to Zhang Jialu. News came that some imperialists and British newspapers sarcastically said, "The engineer who can build this railway in China has not been born in the womb! China people want to build railways without foreigners, even if it is not a dream, it will take at least 50 years. " They even attacked Zhan Tianyou, the general manager and chief engineer, for being "arrogant" and "overreaching". Under pressure, Zhan Tianyou insisted on not appointing foreign engineers, and said: "China is vast and rich in resources, and I feel ashamed to rely on outsiders all the way to work!" "China has awakened, and China people will use their own engineers and their own money to build railways." 1In August, 905, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was officially started, and intense exploration and route selection began. Zhan Tianyou personally took students and workers, carrying benchmarks and theodolite, and ran around the rugged mountains day and night. One evening, the fierce northwest wind roared in Badaling area, whizzing past with dust, which made people unable to open their eyes. The survey team finished the work in a hurry, filled in the survey figures and climbed down from the rock wall. Zhan Tianyou took the notebook, looked at the figures and asked doubtfully, "Is the data accurate?" ? "Almost," replied the surveyor. Zhan Tianyou said seriously: "The first requirement of technology is accuracy, and there can be no ambiguity or rashness. Statements like' probably' and' almost' will not be said by engineers. " Then, he picked up the instrument, braved the wind and sand, climbed to the rock wall again with difficulty, carefully surveyed it and corrected a mistake. When he came down, his lips were purple with cold. Soon, exploration and construction entered the most difficult stage. At Badaling and Qinglong Bridge, there are overlapping mountains and steep walls hanging rocks, and four tunnels will be opened, the longest of which is more than 1000 meters. After accurate calculation, Zhan Tianyou decided to adopt the method of sectional construction: simultaneously drilling from the north and south ends of the mountain, opening a large well in the middle of the mountain, and then drilling from the north and south ends in the well. This not only ensures the construction quality, but also speeds up the project progress. When digging a hole, I dug a lot of stones by hand and picked out the spewing spring water one by one. Zhan Tianyou, as the chief engineer, has no shelf. He digs stones and carries water with the workers, and his face is covered with mud and sweat. He also encouraged everyone to say, "The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is the first railway that we built with our own people and our own money. The eyes of the whole world are watching us, and we must succeed! " "No matter success or failure, it is definitely not our own success or failure, but the success or failure of our country!" In order to overcome the difficulty of driving on steep slopes and ensure the train to climb up Badaling safely, Zhan Tianyou creatively used the principle of "turn-back line" to design a herringbone line on the steep Qinglong Bridge section in mountainous areas, which reduced the tunnel excavation and slope. When the train arrives here, it will cooperate with two high-powered locomotives to push and pull to ensure the safety of the train uphill. Zhan Tianyou once put forward three requirements for the whole project: "less money, good quality and quick completion". After several struggles by workers, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was finally opened to traffic in September 1909. It was originally planned to be completed in six years, but it was completed four years ahead of schedule, and the project cost was only one-fifth of that estimated by foreigners. Some European and American engineers paid tribute to Zhan Tianyou after visiting by bus. But Zhan Tianyou said modestly: "This is the strength of more than 10,000 employees of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, not my personal credit. Glory should belong to everyone. "

After the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed, Zhan Tianyou succeeded as the supervisor and chief engineer of the Guangdong-Han Railway. At this time, the United States decided to grant him a doctorate in engineering and asked him to go to the United States to attend the conferring ceremony in person. He gave up this honor in order to devote himself to the railway construction of the motherland. After the Revolution of 1911, in order to revitalize the railway industry, Zhan Tianyou and his colleagues established the China Engineering Society, and was promoted to president. During this period, he devoted a lot of efforts to the training of young engineers and technicians. In addition to setting an example, he also encouraged young people to "study hard for invention" and asked them not to "favor one over the other, and not to fish for fame". Take others with sincerity, not yourself as a mirror. "Zhan Tianyou has been engaged in the railway industry for more than 30 years. At that time, almost every railway in China had different degrees of relationship. Old age breaks down from overwork 19 19. Comrade Zhou Enlai once spoke highly of Zhan Tianyou's achievements, calling him "the glory of the people of China".

During the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway in Zhan Tianyou, various railway engineering standards were formulated, and a letter was sent to the government asking for national adoption. The 4-foot-8-inch standard gauge and Jenny coupler still in use in China (also known as Johnny coupler and Zheng coupler, created by American Eli Jenny) were all put forward by Zhan Tianyou. In addition, Zhan Tianyou also pays attention to the training of railway talents, and has formulated the articles of association for the promotion and transfer of engineers, which clearly stipulates the assessment and requirements of engineers, and stipulates that the remuneration of engineers is linked to the assessment results. Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has trained many engineers in China, and the assessment regulations formulated by Zhan Tianyou have also become the object of imitation by other railways in China. After the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed, Zhan Tianyou was awarded an engineering scholar by Xuan Tong and served as the examiner for international students. 19 10 served as the prime minister and engineer of Guangdong Commercial Guangdong-Han Railway Corporation, 19 12 served as the Han-Yue-Chuan Railway Association, responsible for the construction of Guangdong-Han and Sichuan-Han railways. Since then, I have lived in No.9, Eha Street, Russian Concession in Hankou (now 5 1 Dongting Street). In the same year, "China Institution of Engineers" was established and was elected as the first president. After the founding of the Republic of China, 19 13 was appointed by the government as the technical director of the Ministry of Communications, and 19 14 was awarded the second-class Baoguang Golden Harvest Chapter. 19 16, was awarded an honorary doctorate in law by the University of Hong Kong. 19 19 At the beginning of this year, as the China representative of the Far East Railway Conference supervised by the Allies, he was sent to Vladivostok and Harbin. He returned to Hankou due to illness in April and died on April 24 at the age of 59. Zhan Tianyou and his wife Tan Juzhen were buried near Qinglongqiao Railway Station on Zhangjing Road. 1922 bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou was erected at Qinglong bridge railway station. 1987, Zhan Tianyou memorial hall was built nearby. On the occasion of commemorating the 0/00th anniversary of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway/KLOC-,Zhangjiakou people will always cherish the memory of Zhan Tianyou, the chief designer of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. In 2005, a statue of Zhan Tianyou was built in Zhangjiakou South Station Square. Zhan Tianyou is a pioneer in the history of modern science and technology in China and an outstanding patriotic intellectual in modern China. Qing Xianfeng was born in Nanhai County, Guangdong Province on April 26th (186 1) in the 11th year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, and was admitted to study in the United States at public expense. In June (188 1), he graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering of Sheffield Institute of Technology, Yale University, and returned to China in August of the same year. He has served as a teacher of Fuzhou Ship Administration School and Guangzhou Land and Water Normal School. In the 14th year of Guangxu reign (1888), he was an engineer of Tianjin Railway Company. From 65438 to 1980s, he devoted himself to the railway construction in China. He once presided over the early railway construction in Beijing, Zhangjiang, Chuanhan and Yuehan, and worked hard for the development of early railway construction in China. In particular, the completion of the Jing-Zhang Railway (1905- 1909) presided over by him shocked China and foreign countries, showed the diligence and wisdom of the working people in our country, inspired the national spirit and promoted the development of the railway industry. He was fearless and indomitable in the face of imperialist powers, and put forward the slogan of "learn from each other's strong points and know everything, so that the country will be free from foreign aggression and stand on its own feet on the earth", which represents the indomitable and indomitable noble national integrity of the people of China and will always be a model for future generations. 19 19 passed away in Hankou Renji Hospital on April 24th at the age of 59. In the same year, a bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou was erected at Qinglongqiao Station.