Ten to one troops, excellent generals like a cloud, why did Shi Biao lose the battle of Mangshan?

At the end of Sui Dynasty and the beginning of Tang Dynasty, the heroes in troubled times, such as Li Yuan, Shi Biao, Dou Jiande, Liu Heita and Wang, all showed their magical powers, scrambling to fight against the Sui Dynasty. Although Li Yuan had the last laugh, Shi Biao was the closest to the throne in the early stage. At the beginning of 6 18, Li Mi in Wagangli had enlisted more than 300,000 troops, and he also had mentors such as Pei, Xu Shiqi, Luo Shixin, Qin, Dan, Hou, Wang Bodang, Wei Zhi and Sean. Any one of them was a famous figure at that time, Kevin·Z. But such a strong lineup was defeated by Wang in Mangshan.

On September 18, 10, Wang defeated the Shimei Wagang Army with 20,000 troops in Mangshan. At that time, there were hundreds of thousands of troops in Shimi. After the defeat of Mangshan, Shi Mi failed to retreat to Luokou and finally lost all his territory. When the troops were divided, everyone thought that the tide was over. Shi Biao had to take more than 20 thousand down archers to the west to enter the customs and go to Tang gaozu. Shi Mi defeated 300,000 troops in less than a year, and then completely withdrew from the hegemony and went to the end.

Prewar situation

Shi Mi and Wang fought for hegemony in Henan for more than 60 times, and Shi Mi defeated Wang many times. 6 17 September, Shi Mi joined hands with Zhai Rang, the former leader of the Wagang Army, and successfully took the top spot in the Wagang Army. In the first month of 6 18, Shi Mi sent troops to capture Jinyong City, which matched Luoyang and confronted Wang. At this time, Yu Wenhuaji suddenly launched the "Jiangdu mutiny", killed the emperor, and led hundreds of small north. Wang and others held Yang Dong, King of Yue, as emperor (Emperor Yangdi). Dong Yang sent someone to surrender Shi Biao, promising to let him go to Luoyang Fuzheng as long as Yu Wenhuaji was pacified. Shi Biao accepted the surrender to avoid fighting on two fronts.

In July of 6 18, Shi Biao and Yu Wenhuaji fought in Tongshan, and the two sides fought fiercely for a day. Yu Wenhuaji was defeated, and Shi Biao got Xiao Guo's army. However, the Wagang army also suffered heavy losses, even more than half of Shimei's own army of 8000 troops, and Shimei himself was injured by an arrow. But at this time, the king staged a coup, took the Emperor Yang Dong into his own hands, and failed to live up to Shi Biao's dream of entering the auxiliary government. World War I was inevitable for both sides. In September, more than 20,000 elite horses from Wang Jingxuan were transported to Henan by An Lushan, and three bridges were built on the canal to prepare for Shi Biao.

Battle process

At the beginning of the campaign, Wang sent hundreds of cavalry to attack Dan, and Shi Biao sent and Pei Hangyan to help. However, Pei Hangyan was shot by an arrow at the beginning of the war, but Cheng Zhijie stepped forward and saved him, only to be stabbed by a spear. Fortunately, Cheng Zhijie was brave, turned around and broke his spear, killing several people before he fled back to the army. Strangely, the dominant wagang army did not take advantage of this battle. In addition to Pei and Cheng, "more than ten people, including the emissary Sun Changle, were hit hard", and Dan did not seem to send troops to help.

So the king sent 200 people to sneak into Beimang Mountain by night to ambush. The next morning, Shi Biao didn't pay attention to the charge, and he was caught off guard. While the two sides were fighting, Wang pulled out a man who looked like Shi Mi, pushed him to the front and shouted, "Shi Mi was caught!" " The leaders have been captured. How can the Wagangjun not be chaotic? Shi Biao's army was in chaos at that time.

"The world is in charge of all kinds of diseases and wars, so that those who lead the secret will cross the line and say,' I got the secret!' Long live the philosophers, the secret army was in chaos, so it collapsed. "(Biography of Shi Biao in Sui Shu).

After this war, Shi Biao's 100,000-strong army was only over 10,000, and confidant generals Pei, Zheng Xiang, Zujunyan and others were captured.

Why did Shi Biao lose in Mazhuang? Let's learn more about pre-war preparation and tactical thinking.

Pre-war preparation

Look at Shi Biao's side first.

Judging from the situation at that time, Shi Mi and Zhai Rang were in conflict, and the generals loyal to Zhai Rang in the Wagang Army must have disloyalty and internal disharmony; Moreover, Shi Biao has just passed the Tongshan War, and the troops are tired and should have a rest. Guo Jun Jr. has just been subdued, and he should be reorganized. The king started the war at this time with the intention of taking advantage of the danger of others. Indeed, war is immoral.

Wagang Army is an army with complicated factions, including officers and men of Sui Dynasty such as Qin, thieves from Yulu, rebels scattered in many places, and troops recruited by Shi Biao himself. The best army that can really be fought is Shi Biao's army. In order to make up for the loss of his own army, Shi Biao attached great importance to Xiaoguo, an army that surrendered and was not weaker than the internal army, praised it greatly, and tried his best to win it over, which caused the dissatisfaction of the old staff of Wagang School. Xu Shiqi, a veteran crock, complained to Shi Biao and was turned back by him. Jia Runfu, his confidant, dissuaded him several times, but Shi Mi still went his own way, laying the groundwork for the defeat of Mangshan.

"Mi Zhu killed Zhai Rang, heart, don't put the scholars. He had no treasury, and the army defeated him and gave him nothing. He also caressed the new series and people began to leave. " (Biography of Sui Shu Li Mi)

"Shi Mi broke and returned, and the soldiers and horses died and the soldiers were tired." (Biography of the Old King of Tang Dynasty)

Moreover, Shi Biao was too big, thinking that Wang was defeated by his men, and let the sergeant camp on the mountain at will, defenseless. Wang's Biography of Old Tang Books and Shi Chong said: "Time is dense and new, and there is a heart that despises the world and does not set barriers." This left a chance for Wang's small forces to sneak attack.

Look at the king.

When Shi Biao defected to Yang Dong and the two were still in the same camp, Wang asked Yang Dong to exchange Luoyang cloth for Shi Biao's grain (at that time, all the granaries outside Luoyang were in Shi Biao's hands), and Shi Biao finally agreed to exchange under the persuasion of Li Yuan. Although it wasn't long before Shi Biao found out that something was wrong and stopped trading soon, Wang still got a lot of food and grass. "Biography of Sui Shu Li Mi" said: "At first, the world was full of food and Suu, so it was difficult to deal with each other. It's really good for Li Yuan, but it's hard to convince her. Later generations are all scholars, and those who fall will benefit less and will regret it. " It can be seen that when Shi Biao confronted him, Wang was already preparing for war.

Wang also carefully selected 20 thousand elite soldiers to practice, much better than Shi Mi's tired teacher. Not many soldiers, but good. Although Shi Biao is dominant, the soldiers are not in Qixin and tired, so Shi Biao does not have much advantage in strength. "Biography of the Old King of Tang Dynasty" said: "Shi Chong is simple and brave, with more than 20,000 soldiers and more than 2,000 horses. The soldiers are in the south of Luoshui." Before the war, Wang sacrificed to the Duke of Zhou on the bank of Luoshui, pretending that the Duke of Zhou dreamed of fooling soldiers: "Recently, the Duke of Zhou gave me a dream. As long as everyone crusades against Shimi, they can make great contributions and the whole army will die of the plague! " It sounds like a joke now, but it was very effective in that superstitious era, and the morale of Wang's troops was high.

"But the temple was built in waterinfo, and the Duke of Zhou sent Wu Xuan, making the servant shoot for Shi Biao. When there is great success, all soldiers will die of this disease. There are many Chu people in the world, and they believe in evil words and invite war. " (Biography of the Old King of Tang Dynasty)

And Wang also used Infernal Affairs. After Mangshan's defeat, Shi Biao tried to retreat to Luokou Cangcheng, but he was betrayed by Li Yuanzhen stationed in Luokou Cangcheng. He and Wang exchanged songs and prepared to attack the Wagang army before and after; Shi Biao tried to plot against King Luoshui, but failed because of the worship of traitors. First, Dan Xiong Xin surrendered, which made Daimon Masaru of Yanshi open, and the soldiers guarding Yanshi secretly defected, which directly led to many generals of Yanshi suddenly becoming prisoners; Later, Luokoucang's betrayal of Taiyuan was even more fatal. This is the granary of Wagangjun. In the past, after Shi Biao was defeated, he relied on Luokoucang to rectify and fight again. If Luokou falls, it will be difficult for Henan, which is full of rice, to live in. It may not be believed that men improvise. This must be that Wang contacted these people in advance before the war.

"Yanshi robbed Zheng Xianggui. Mitezhong's 10,000-strong army is about to enter the city, and Taiyuan really lost money to lead the troops. If the secret knowledge is not sent, the world will be half-filled and covered up. When waiting for the bus, I will feel better from time to time, and the world will be filled with rivers. " (Biography of Sui Shu Li Mi)

Tactical thinking

Before the start of the campaign, there were two schools of opinion within the Wagang Army: the opinion headed by Pei and Pei believed that it was not appropriate to fight against the king in Mangshan, either holding on with the city or taking advantage of Luoyang's emptiness, one school contained the king, and the other directly took Luoyang with elite soldiers; The generals headed by Xiao, such as Chen Zhilve and Dan, advocated happeneth. Shi Biao didn't listen to Pei's correct opinion, gave up his advantage of having more grain and more troops than Wang, and fought against Wang in Mangshan. Instead, he made a fatal mistake when arranging troops: he divided the troops into two parts, one led by himself, the internal army and the Xiaoguo army were stationed in the south of Mangshan, and the other was stationed in the north of Yanshi, under the command of Dan Xiong Xin. He had hoped that the two armies would become enemies, but Dan Xiong Xin's rebellion directly led to his failure.

Let's talk about the secret discussion: "Shi Chong knows that there are many soldiers, and the east will be empty. Please choose 20,000 troops to surrender, and Shi Chong will be extricated. I will return the whole army. Sun Tzu's art of war says that if he goes out, he will go out and I will go back, so I am exhausted. "The density is too big to use. Renji sighed and said, "The Queen will regret it!" "(Biography of Shi Biao in Sui Shu).

"If it is not a deep ditch and a high base, it will last for a long time. But when the enemy runs out of food in October, you can retreat without fighting, and the way to win is to chase after it. " (Biography of Wei Zhi in Old Tang Dynasty)

And Wang's campaign concept is very clear, first attack Dan's camp, then ambush Shi Mi in advance, and then break through Yanshi and Luokoucang with the cooperation of internal staff, completely breaking the lifeline of Wagangjun. In the course of the war, Wang's troops were thoroughly carried out, just like a well-designed war.

abstract

There are two reasons for Li Mi Mangshan's defeat: First, there are many internal factions, and there are many contradictions. The sequela left by the conflagration between Li Mi and Zhai Rang and the ruthless soldiers under them have laid hidden dangers for failure and created opportunities for Wang to alienate each other; Second, Shi Biao was headstrong, did not adopt the correct opinion, and gave up the ego to fight against Wang, which directly led to failure. In fact, he has a chance to beat Wang again. Whether Pei's tactics or new methods are adopted, it is difficult for Wang to win, and those mutinous generals may not defect, at least not so early. Any war is not just a military confrontation. Shi Mi quickly expanded the Wagang Army by opening warehouses and releasing grain, but failed to effectively integrate internal affairs, gather people's hearts and reach normal opinions. As a result, the interior quickly collapsed under the unfavorable situation of war, and finally became a daydream!

Search for historical stories and experience the ups and downs of China's 5,000-year history together!