Why was Chu destroyed by Qin? It was doomed from the moment I died in Wuqi.

Wu Qi was a professional bureaucrat during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

When he (Wu Qi) was young, his family was too tired to travel as an official, so he broke up, and the hardworking villagers laughed. ? Historical records? Sun Tzu's Art of War, Biography of Wu Qi

At first, Wuqi was just a young man who refused to accept his fate. Although his family is neither rich nor poor as a daughter, his goal is to be an official, so he spent all his money just to get an official position. But Guo Wei let Wu Qi down, because even though he spent all his money, he didn't get what he wanted. As a result, he was laughed at by his neighbors. Wuqi couldn't bear it, so? More than 30 people killed him and slandered themselves? .

In this way, Wuqi couldn't stay in Weiguo, but Wuqi didn't panic, because during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were many vassal States, and Wuqi believed that there was always a world of his own. After careful consideration, Wuqi chose to go to Lu. Why did he go to Lu? Because? Is it in the week? .

As the Qing dynasty said: Zhou is a close relative and Lu is a close friend. This sentence means that the princes of the world, Zhou royal family is the most? Honey? It is the state of Lu, and the most popular state of Lu is the Zhou royal family. In addition, Lu was also the birthplace of Confucianism at that time, and Wu Qi, who cares about the world, naturally wanted it from Confucianism? Diploma? So Wuqi defected to Lu, which was his starting point as a professional bureaucrat.

When Wuqi arrived in Chu, he devoted himself to Ceng Zi, a Confucian. There are different opinions about whether this Ceng Zi was a Zeng Shen or a Zeng Shen, but Zeng Shen died 435 years ago, so it is almost impossible for Zeng Shen to teach Wuqi Confucianism.

Wang Yinglin's textual research quoted Liu Xiang's Bielu as saying: Zuo Qiuming awarded Zeng Shen and Shen Qi, indicating that Wu Qi's teacher should be Zeng Shen, not Zeng Shen, but Zeng Shen is Zeng Shen's son, so it is reasonable to call him Ceng Zi.

In 4 12 BC, Qi Huangong and Gong Xuan attacked Lu, and Lu was very worried. After all, the etiquette advocated on weekdays can't stop Qi Bing's attack, but Lu didn't. Lu Jun thought about Wuqi, but Wuqi's wife was from Qi, which put Lu Jun in a contradictory position. Wuqi's next move made everyone petrified, because Wuqi? If you want to be famous, kill your wife. Is that clear? .

There is still something to say, so Lu Jun appointed Wu Qi as the general, and the Qi army was greatly broken, but this was not the starting point of Wu Qi's promotion in Lu, but the end point. Because Lu people can't tolerate Wuqi's Excellence, they speak ill of Wuqi, and Lu Jun suspects Wuqi, so they can't stay in Wuqi, Lu.

Wu Qi's experience in Lu made him understand the importance of a monarch's kindness. Looking around the world, only Wei Wenhou of Wei is worthy of these four words. So Wuqi left Lu and went to Wei. Wei Wenhou is really an enlightened master. When he heard that Wu got up to vote, he asked Li Ke (Li Kui). Li Ke replied: He is greedy for money and lustful, but he can't beat Sima Yi.

Here, we want to talk about Sima Yi, a famous master of art in the Spring and Autumn Period. Tai Shigong once commented in Preface to Tai Shigong: Sima Yi has been king since ancient times, which can be stated by Yu Yi. Thus, in Li Ke's eyes, Wuqi's military talent is quite excellent, and therefore, Wuqi became one of Wei Wenhou's men.

Wuqi didn't disappoint Wei Wenhou. After being appointed as a general by Wei Wenhou, Wuqi made quite impressive achievements. Historical records? "Sun Tzu's Art of War Wu Qi Chuan" records: He thought that he would attack Qin and pull out five cities, and then ordered Wu Qi to be the commander of Xihe River. To exclude Qin and Han dynasties? .

After Wei Wenhou's death, Wei's scepter was handed over, but he was very afraid of Wuqi. Besides, once every courtier, Wuqi can't be Wei Wuhou's confidant. Coupled with the frame-up of Prime Minister Wei, Wuqi was excluded by Wei's leadership. What was the result? The marquis of Wu was suspicious and trusted, and Wuqi was afraid of offending, so he went, that is, Chu? .

Wuqi

Wu Qi left Wei State for Chu State, and his last life will end here. In addition, Wuqi of the State of Chu also carried out political reform, which can be described as burning the last light and heat of life. From Lu to Wei and then to Chu, Wuqi was one of the few professional bureaucrats in that era. It can be said that Wuqi was a scholar in cloth at that time, pointing out a broad road, namely? Good birds choose wood to live in? .

Wu Qi's political reform in Chu State.

The political structure of society is by no means a corresponding reform with the drastic changes in social economy and living conditions. ? Engels' Anti-Turin Theory

The above Engels' remarks show that the inherent conservatism of this social and political structure exists in various social forms experienced by human beings. There is no doubt that before Wuqi went to Chu, there was a contradiction between the political system and social economy at that time, and compared with other vassal States at that time, this contradiction in Chu was more prominent.

In this context, Wu Qi went to Chu State, and Wu Qi had a profound understanding of the situation in Chu State. This understanding is "everything is wrong?" There is a clear record in "He Shi Bi": The former Wuqi taught Chu to mourn the king with Chu customs, saying:? I am too heavy, too many gentlemen; If so, then the Lord will abuse the people from below. Is it true that poor countries are weak? .

Weapons unearthed from the tomb of the king of Chu

The meaning of this sentence is that Wuqi thinks that the ministers of Chu have too much power and too many nobles are enfeoffed, so these people will be powerful and tyrannical, making the country poor and the army weak, which is not conducive to the country's strength. That is to say, in Wuqi's view, the crux of the influence of Chu's strength lies in politics.

Before, when Wu Qi was in Wei, he also participated in the political reform. Many people think that Wuqi's political reform is actually promoting Li Kui's political reform, but it is not, because the core of Li Kui's political reform is? Try your best to teach? And then what? Pingfa? The contents of these two reforms are aimed at social and economic life.

Politically, although the abolition of hereditary aristocratic privilege was proposed, it did not involve the most fundamental political system, and Wuqi's political reform in Chu was mainly political, so Wuqi's political reform in Chu needed the right medicine, and the political reform in Wei could not be completely copied. So what happened to Wuqi in Chu?

In order to cultivate men who fight, we should judge the law clearly and donate those who are alienated from those who are not in a hurry. We should break the rules of Qiang Bing. ? Historical records? Sun Tzu's Art of War, Biography of Wu Qi

Wuqi is a powerful minister of the king of Chu, incompetent and unhurried. He was invited by the private door, which is a custom of Chu, a nation that forbids tourists, and a man who cultivates intensively. ? Historical records? Biographies of Fan Ju and Cai Ze.

(Wuqi) So it is very hard for nobles to go to the empty land of reality. ? "Lu Chunqiu? Expensive pawn

Armor of Chu soldiers in Warring States Period

There are few records about how Wuqi carried out the political reform in the literature, but through the above sporadic records, we can draw the conclusion that the core of Wuqi's political reform in Chu is not only to abolish the system of stone clearing and stone grazing, but also to eradicate the moths among these old nobles, which means that Wuqi has become a sharp knife for the king of Chu to declare war on the old nobles.

The consequences and interruption of Wuqi's political reform.

Nanping Baiyue, north and, but Sanjin, west cut Qin. ? Historical records? Sun Tzu's Art of War, Biography of Wu Qi

Wu Qi's political reform in Chu was fruitful. As recorded in the above quotation, it made Qiang Bing, a rich country in Chu, the king in a short time. Of course, this rich country, Qiang Bing, has only existed for a short time, because with the death of King Chu, the patron behind Wuqi, Wuqi's political reform came to an abrupt end, which we will talk about later.

Besides, "be"? "Biography of Nanman Southwest" records: Wu Qi mourned the king, and the south was quite over, so Dongting and Cangwu came into being, that is to say, under the reform of Wu Qi, the territory of Chu actually expanded.

The ruins of the ancient Great Wall used by Chu State to resist Qin State.

During the Wuqi political reform, Chu also saved Zhao and attacked Wei. As a result, Wei was defeated. Qi Ce records that the war was fought in the west of the state, out of Liangmen, and horses were drinking in the river in the forest where the army lived. From this record, we can also know that Chu reached both sides of the Yellow River in the war to save Zhao and attack Wei, which is a proud achievement, and of course it also illustrates the power of Wuqi's political reform from the side.

Speaking of the defeat of Wei, it reminds me that when Wuqi was in Wei, Wei Wuzu swept the world to fight? Seventy-six, sixty-four wars with vassals, Yu Zejun solution (from "Woods? Figure country ")? However, when Wu went to Chu, the Chu army was defeated by Wei Wuzu. Is this that Chu has really become stronger, or is Wuqi too powerful?

No matter what kind of factors, Wuqi has strengthened Chu, which is beyond doubt. With Wuqi's political and military ability and the trust of the king of Chu, coupled with the infinite potential of the king of Chu, Wuqi could have shown it again in front of the princes, but the good times did not last long, because the king of Chu died.

Chu bamboo slips

Wuqi, who has long been a thorn in the side of the old nobles of Chu because of the political reform, has no trees to rely on anymore. Just after the death of the king of Chu, the old nobles couldn't wait to fight back, that is, they lost the king, and the imperial clan minister made an insurrection and attacked Wuqi. The single Wuqi became the fish on the chopping block of the old nobles, and finally Wuqi was shot.

The death of Wuqi was the inevitable result of the struggle between two incompatible political forces, which interrupted the political reform of Chu. Although Wuqi made a final effort before his death, he brought many old nobles with him, but the old nobles eventually occupied the ruling class of Chu after development, which means that Chu has returned to the old road before Wuqi's political reform.

The failure of Wuqi's political reform and the demise of Chu.

It seems that the emerging landlord class has gained the upper hand in the political arena of Chu, but in fact this force is very weak, at least it has not yet gained a foothold. So what is the relationship between the failure of Wuqi's political reform and the demise of Chu?

Wu Qi's political reform in Chu was successful militarily. Of course, this is also the goal of Wuqi. After all, in Chu, he wanted to build an army that could sweep the world like Wei Wuzu. As the saying goes: raise a fighter, he declared war on the old aristocracy. What's the purpose? Money? Only money can arm soldiers.

Quyuan Temple in Miluo, Chu

When Wu Qi was in Wei, he didn't have to worry about money, because his political reform provided an economic foundation for Wei's military reform. What Wu Qi has to do is to train wholeheartedly. Chu is different, and the royal family is not rich. The old nobles and slave owners carved up and carved up the wealth of Chu, so Wuqi made a desperate attempt on the old nobles, resulting in irreconcilable contradictions between the two major political forces, which can be said to be endless.

With the support of the King of Chu, Wuqi gained the upper hand, so in a very short time, Chu became a rich country in Qiang Bing, which was vividly demonstrated militarily. However, after the death of King Chu, the old aristocratic forces immediately made a comeback, so if we ignore Chu's military achievements, we can say that the Wuqi political reform was actually a failed political reform.

This result is not only the personal sorrow of Wuqi, but also the sorrow of the whole State of Chu. Wuqi tried his best to reform the country, but failed to solve the stubborn disease of Chu's conservative and backward political system, which made Chu lose the best opportunity to avoid being destroyed by Qin.

From the death of Wuqi to the demise of Chu 100 years, there was no major political reform in Chu, and the old political system firmly controlled the fate of Chu, not to mention the feudal political innovation, although it appeared in Chu Huaiwang? Qu yuan's reform? But it's just a flash in the pan. It can even be said that his reform measures have ended before they are put into action.

Wuqi political reform

On the other hand, since Shang Yang's political reform, Qin established a feudal political system, and commoners were active in the political arena of Qin, which not only attacked the influence of the old nobles, but also injected fresh blood into Qin's politics. Although Qin also appeared? Four ghosts in power? But in the end, it did not form heredity, which also benefited from the political system of Qin State.