Who admitted the puppet Manchukuo?

Who admitted the puppet Manchukuo? 23 countries including the Soviet Union (2)

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After several conflicts between Zhang Gufeng and Nomenkan, the Soviet Union and Japan signed the Treaty of Neutrality between the Soviet Union and Japan in April 194 1, which specifically stipulated that "the Soviet Union promised to respect the territorial integrity and inviolability of Manchukuo, and Japan promised to respect the territorial integrity and inviolability of the Mongolian people and China", officially recognizing the puppet Manchukuo and exchanging Japanese "Mongolians".

Before the outbreak of World War II, Poland was close to Japan, so it recognized the puppet Manchukuo. However, the Sicorschi government in exile in Britain after Polish subjugation announced the cancellation of recognition in February 1942. After the outbreak of World War II, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and other small countries that joined the Axis, Spain, Denmark, Finland, Thailand and other pro-fascist countries, as well as the puppet regimes made in Germany, such as Vichy France, Slovakia and Croatia, successively announced their recognition of the puppet Manchukuo. 1934, the Vatican also appointed Gao Dehui, the "acting patriarch of Jilin pastoral area", to be responsible for "negotiating with the Manchu government". Whether this belongs to the recognition of Manchukuo has always been controversial, but in the Ten Years History of the Founding of Manchukuo published by Manchukuo in 1942, the Vatican was not listed among the countries that recognized Manchukuo.

In addition, there are several puppet governments, such as the Japanese-made "Free India" government, the Ba Maw government in Myanmar, the laurel government in the Philippines, the two Mongolian governments under the wings of Japan and the Soviet Union, and Wang Jingwei's puppet national government.

Who admitted the Wang puppet regime?

"It's easy for you, but it's difficult for me." Wang Jingwei, vice chairman of the Kuomintang, threw this sentence to Chiang Kai-shek with grief, and since then, he has embarked on the traitor's point of no return. 1On March 30th, 940, the National Government headed by Wang Jingwei, a veteran of the Kuomintang, was established in Nanjing, which was called "Wang Ji Government" or "Wang Puppet Regime" in history.

From the day it was founded, Wang Pseudo had to survive under the wings of Japan. Some folks came to oppose Faye Wong and wrote: "The country is not long, and Yuan Di has 80 days; The couplet "Blockade, Wang Regime in Sanlie Street" vividly tells the plight of Wang Puppet Regime. The order is valid for two or three blocks, and no one listens outside Nanjing.

On the other hand, what Wang Pseudo expects most is the recognition of others. Their mentality is exactly the same as that of the puppet Manchukuo, and everything of unknown origin pays special attention to other people's opinions.

Japan and the puppet Manchukuo were the first to be recognized.

Although the Wang Ji government was a puppet regime instigated and planned by the Japanese, the Japanese did not admit it at the first time. It was not until August of March1that the two sides concluded the Treaty on Basic Relations between China and Japan that the mutual recognition procedure was completed, and the Wang puppet government had its first partner.

Only one is not enough. The Wang Ji government also has a small partner, the Puppet Manchukuo. However, the feelings of Wang Ji's government towards the puppet Manchukuo were complicated. As the territory of the Republic of China, the puppet Manchukuo is recognized as a traitor. In the previous secret talks between Japan and Chongqing, the two sides were deadlocked on this issue.

Japan also urgently needs mutual recognition between Wang and the puppet Manchukuo, so that they can put forward a "new order of Greater East Asia" based on the triangle. 1940, 1 1 This month, the three parties finally signed a joint declaration, which was considered as formal collusion.

1940 12 10, Foreign Minister Liang Xu went to "New Beijing" and presented the "credentials" to Puyi, starting the so-called "establishment of diplomatic relations". 194 1 June and August, the puppet Manchukuo and puppet Wang staged a farce of exchanging ambassadors.

Among all the countries and "regimes" that recognized the puppet Manchukuo, Faye Wong was the most ridiculous. According to the Nationality Law of Manchukuo, all residents living in Manchukuo are Manchu, so there are no "China expatriates" in Manchukuo. Even Zheng, the inspector general of Tianjin Police Headquarters of the former puppet Beijing Provisional Government, was banned from "going out of Manchuria" and "going back to (Wang puppet China)" by the local police station in the name of "You are from Manchukuo, and you should work in Manchukuo".

Wang Jingwei was at a loss about this shady relationship. In order to calm the anger of China people, he can only put on airs. 1942 In the spring, Wang Jingwei "visited" the Puppet Manchukuo and delivered a speech, saying, "We were compatriots in the past, we are compatriots today, and we will be compatriots in the future." Vague about the relationship between the two peoples.

Diplomat Wang Puppet commented that "(Wang Puppet) setting up an embassy on the territory of China has become a laughing stock, and it is even more a joke not to set up an overseas Chinese consulate". However, in order to put up a facade for the puppet Manchukuo, Wang puppet regime still set up two consulates in Shenyang and Harbin. Of course, these consulates are idle, and the Harbin Consulate delayed its official opening for one year because it could not find a suitable house, which did not affect "international relations".

Wang Puppet's diplomatic space is narrower than that of Manchukuo.

After the appearance of the puppet regime of Wang Heipinke, the Japanese were most concerned about the recognition of it by the boss of the German Axis. However, Germany has always maintained a good relationship with the Chongqing National Government, and it is also a very tortuous process to recognize the fake king.

Just as the Manchus in Japan were linked with the Wangs as traitors, Germany also expected to act as an intermediary to make peace with Japan and Chongqing, on the condition that Manchuria and the Japanese army were admitted to withdraw from Central China and South China. Chongqing naturally refused. Germany's efforts continued until June 194 1, and it is still making efforts for mediation. However, Chongqing insisted on the premise of Japanese withdrawal before starting negotiations, and Germany broke its mind.

The turning point of the relationship between Wang Puppet and Germany was the treaty of alliance signed by Germany, Italy and Japan on September 27th, 940. Germany's attitude towards the Sino-Japanese War has changed, but Germany is still unwilling to go to war with Chongqing because Chongqing needs to import tungsten from China.

It was not until Hitler decided to attack the Soviet Union that Germany's diplomatic attitude completely abandoned the Chongqing National Government. By this time, Chongqing and the Soviet Union had signed a non-aggression treaty, and the Soviet Union gave the government a lot of military assistance.

194 1 On June 22nd, Germany attacked the Soviet Union, and Germany recognized the puppet government of Wang in exchange for Japan's determination to fight against the Soviet Union: "We decided to recognize the government of Wang Jingwei in July of 1."

On July 1, German Consul General in Nanjing Gipulich forwarded a telegram on the establishment of diplomatic relations. For the puppet regime of Wang, this can be said to be a day worth celebrating, because the axis countries of Europe, Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia and Croatia, headed by Germany, also recognized the puppet regime of Wang on the same day.

As for Wang's puppet government, in addition to the axis countries in Europe, there are several Japanese brothers in Asia, such as Thailand, the government of "free India", the regime of Myanmar, and the Guangxi regime in the Philippines, whose situation is similar to that of the puppet Manchukuo.

"Diplomatic Victory" of Wang Puppet Regime: Recovering Concession

After being recognized by the Axis, Wang's puppet regime was not satisfied diplomatically. In their limited survival time, they did a useful thing, recovering the concessions of the great powers and abolishing the extraterritorial jurisdiction.

As early as 1938, in the negotiations between Wang Jingwei and Japan, there was an agreement to abolish Japan's extraterritorial jurisdiction in China and return the concession. It should be said that Japan's withdrawal and recovery of its rights and interests in China is an important bait for Wang Ji to steal the column.

As a result, the withdrawal was not recognized by the Japanese military, and all that remained was to recover the concession and abolish extraterritorial jurisdiction. 1940165438+1October 30 also has relevant provisions, so after the establishment of Wang puppet regime, the internal document of "Study on Reclaiming Concessions" was drawn up.

At that time, before the outbreak of the Pacific War, Europe and the United States had no conditions to give up the concession in China, and Japan was not very active in it, so this matter has been dragged on.

It was not until the Pacific War broke out that things got better. The Japanese army invaded the Anglo-American Concessions in China, and first returned the Anglo-American Concessions in Guangzhou and Tianjin to Wang Pseudo in February 1942. In this regard, Wang Pseudo was really excited for a while and publicized with great fanfare: "This shows that friendly countries respect China's sovereignty, the success of the China Revolution needs Japanese assistance, and the liberation of East Asia is also proved here." However, the Japanese side only paid back the money on the surface, and the important affairs in the concession were still decided by the Japanese side, and there was nothing they could do.

1942 12 18, Japan issued a new policy towards China, including a proposal to quickly revoke concessions and extraterritorial rights. Wang Jingwei is scheduled to visit Japan the following year. Concessions and extraterritoriality are important issues in the negotiations. The two sides agreed to declare war on Britain and the United States on 1943 15, and at the same time recover their rights and interests in China.

Who knew things had changed? The Japanese side knows that the United States is about to examine and approve the New Testament between China and the United States, or it may be to recover the concession and abolish legal rights. So the two sides signed the Agreement on Returning Concessions and Abolishing Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Nanjing on June 9, 65438/KLOC-0.

On March 30th, the administrative power of the Japanese Concessions in Hangzhou and Suzhou was handed over to Wang puppet regime. At the same time, Vichy governments in Japan, Italy, France and Spain. Sign a contract with Wang Fei and hand over the rights and interests of the Beijing legation. Then, Wang puppet successively took over Gulangyu Concession in Xiamen and Shanghai Concession in Shanghai.

In addition, from 1 August 9431day, Japanese subjects must "abide by the tax laws of the royal government" as the first step for Japan to abolish extraterritorial jurisdiction. Subsequently, Italy, Vichy France and so on also abolished power one after another.

This "diplomatic achievement" has become an important source of the puppet regime's "legitimacy". Zhou Fohai said excitedly, "Most of the so-called unequal treaties have been cancelled by us. At this point, the peace movement has an explanation, that is, it comes through thick and thin and serves the country faithfully. Future generations in the world may forgive me! "

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Chongqing National Government, as the victorious country, recovered all foreign concessions in China and abolished all unequal treaties. In the eyes of a puppet official like Wang, that is not prestige at all. Chu Minyi, the pseudo-foreign minister, was dying, but he did not forget to say a few words: "After the victory, the central government (Chongqing government) also proposed the Regulations on Concessions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which was passed by the Executive Yuan. I think the concession has been accepted. Should we hold a ceremony or celebration to accept the concessions of the countries concerned? That's a joke! "