Women's Classical Chinese Essays

1. Ancient Chinese: Translation of Ugly Girl

Yunfu is the daughter of Ruan Weiwei, who is as virtuous as a younger sister and extremely ugly①. The exchange of gifts turned out to be unreasonable, and the family was deeply worried. When a guest arrived at Huiyun, the woman ordered her maid to look at him and reply, "It's Huan Lang." Huan Lang is also called Huan Fan. The woman said: "Don't worry, Huan will persuade you to come in." Huan Guo said to Xu Yun: "The Ruan family has married an ugly girl to the Qing Dynasty, so there should be some intention, and the Qing Dynasty should check it out." Xu then went back inside, and when he saw the woman, he wanted to out. The woman realized that she couldn't make sense of it anymore, so she caught the train and stopped it ②. Xu Yin said, "A woman has four virtues, how many of them do you have?" The woman said, "The bride lacks only grace. However, a gentleman has hundreds of virtues, how many do you have?" Xu Yun said, "They are all ready." The woman said He said: "My husband's first line of conduct is virtue. You are lustful but not virtuous. How can I be prepared for everything!" Yun You felt ashamed, so he respected each other.

Notes ① Ruan Weiwei: Ruan ***, courtesy name Boyan, served as an official in the Wei Dynasty until Weiweiqing.

②According to: The front part of clothes also refers to the front and back parts of clothes.

③The four virtues: women’s virtues, women’s words, women’s appearance, and women’s merits.

④ Bai Xing: refers to all kinds of good conduct.

Translation Xu Yun’s wife is the daughter of Wei Weiqing Ruan ***, Ruan Deru’s sister, who is particularly ugly. After the wedding ceremony, Xu Yun could not enter the new house again, and the family was very worried. It happened that a guest came to visit Xu Yun, so the bride asked her maid to find out who it was. The maid reported back: "It's Huan Lang." Huan Lang is Huan Fan. The bride said, "Don't worry, Huan will definitely persuade him to come in." Huan Fan indeed advised Xu Yun, "Since the Ruan family is marrying an ugly girl to you, they must have certain thoughts. You should understand." Xu Yun said. Yun then turned around and entered the new house. When he saw the bride, he immediately wanted to leave. The bride expected that he would never come in again after leaving, so she grabbed his lapel and asked him to stay. Xu Yun asked her, "Women should have four virtues. Which ones do you have?" The bride said, "What the bride lacks is just appearance. But scholars should have various good qualities. How many do you have?" "Xu Yun said: "You have everything." The bride said: "The most important of all good qualities is virtue, but you love sex but not virtue, how can you say you have everything?" Xu Yun felt embarrassed after hearing this! Ashamed, the couple respected each other from then on. 2. The meaning of female in ancient Chinese

女 ()

Pinyin: nǚ

Radical: female;

External strokes : 0;

Total strokes: 3

Wubi 86amp; 98: VVVV

Cangjie: V

Stroke order number: 531

Four corner number: 40400

UniCode: CJK

Unified Chinese character: U 5973 [Edit this paragraph] Basic meaning ①Female, opposite to "male". In ancient times, unmarried people were called "women" and married people were called "women". Now commonly referred to as "women": ~ people. ~Shi. ~Flow (contains contempt). Less (shào)~.

② A daughter who is a human wife (old reading nǜ).

③Star name, one of the twenty-eight constellations. Also known as "Wu Nu" and "Xu Nu". [Edit this paragraph] Other meanings Pinyin: rǔ

①The same as "Ru" in ancient times, you. [Edit this paragraph] Detailed meaning nouns

① (Pictogram. The shape of oracle bone characters, like a human figure kneeling with hands folded. Original meaning: female, woman, opposite to "male")

②Same as the original meaning [woman]

Female, woman. ——"Shuowen". Wang Yu said: "In the text, a virgin is called a girl, and a suitable person is called a woman."

Women are also unhappy, and scholars behave differently. ——"Poetry·Weifeng·Meng"

If a woman does not knit, she may suffer from cold. ——Jia Yi's "On Accumulation and Storage"

If a woman's behavior is not skewed, why should she not be thick? ——"New Odes of Jade Terrace·Ancient Poetry Written by Jiao Zhongqing's Wife"

Men's and women's clothing. ——Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty, "Peach Blossom Spring"

There is no difference between men and women.

——"Han Feizi·Death Campaign"

Like the beauty of a beautiful woman. ——Ming Dynasty Yuan Hongdao's "Travel Notes on Manjing"

Men and women were running around. ——Qing Dynasty·Shao Changheng's "The Leftover Manuscripts of Qingmen"

③Another example: Nv Chaitang (female helper); Nv Xianer (female gentleman); Nvhong (generally refers to textiles, sewing, etc. done by women). Embroidery, etc.); Nv crown (female Taoist priest); Nv brother (sister); Nv uncle (called father's sister); Nvhu (a woman favored by the monarch); Nvslao (female official. A woman who was taken into the palace as a slave) ; Husband among women (a masculine person among women).

④Extension refers to daughter [daughter]

Please give Goujian’s daughter to the king. ——"Mandarin·Vietnamese"

A graceful lady, a gentleman likes to fight. ——"Poem·Zhou Nan·Guan Sui"

The daughter of the He family. ——"Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Biography of Women"

Women are graceful and chaste. ——Xu Ke, Qing Dynasty, "Qing Barnyard Note·War"

I don’t hear the mother-in-law’s voice calling her. ——"Collection of Yuefu Poems·Mulan Poems"

⑤Again

I only heard the woman sighing.

⑥Again

Ask the girl what she is thinking.

⑦Another example: children

⑧The names of stars. One of the twenty-eight constellations, the third of the seven constellations of Xuanwu in the north. There are four stars [name of one of the 28 constellations]

Verb

① To marry off a daughter (this meaning is also read as nǜ) [marry off a daughter]

The daughter of the Yong family of Song Dynasty was born in Zheng Zhuanggong. ——"Zuo Zhuan·The Eleventh Year of Duke Huan"

②Look as if a girl; resemble a girl]

The gentleman said that the Song Dynasty Queen "is not a woman but a girl" woman". ——"Zuo Zhuan"

③Become a female slave

Please give Gou Jian's daughter to the king. ——"Mandarin"

Adjective

①Weak [delicate; weak]

The other female mulberry. ——"Poetry·Binfeng·July"

②Female [female]

Women work in literature and men work in engraving. ——"Mozi Ci Guo"

People in Shandong and Hebei refer to male cats as female cats. ——Gu Yanwu, Qing Dynasty, "Rizhilu"

Pronouns

① Pretended to be "Ru". You [you]

A three-year-old girl. ——"Poetry·Wei Feng·Shuo Shu"

The Master said: You! Do you know this? ——"The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng" 3. The ancient translation of the Wei people marrying the bride

Original text:

The Wei people welcomed the bride. The woman got on the carriage and asked: "Whose horse is the stallion?" "Yes?" Yu said, "Borrow it." The bride said to her servant, "Hold it, don't wear it!" When the car came to the door, he helped his mother and said, "If the stove is destroyed, there will be a fire." When he entered the room, he saw the mortar and said: "Moving under the awning will hinder the coming and going." The master laughed.

These three words are all meant to be spoken, but they are inevitably laughed at and lost in time.

General idea:

Someone in Weiguo married a bride. After the bride got on the carriage, she asked: "Whose horses are the horses on both sides?" The coachman said: "They are borrowed. "The bride said to the servant: "If you whip the horses on both sides, the horse driving the shaft in the middle will also run, so that you can avoid the pain of whipping." When the car arrived at the door of the groom's house, she helped the bride get out of the car, and she said to the old man who was seeing the bride off. The woman said: "Put out the stove fire to prevent a fire." After entering the new house, she saw the stone mortar for pounding rice and said: "Move it under the window so as not to hinder people coming and going in the room." The owner thought she was ridiculous.

What the bride said these few times were all to the point, but she was inevitably laughed at. This is because the bride just said these words after passing through the door, so it was too early. 4. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Biography of Women, Bao Xuan’s Wife, Classical Chinese Translation

Bohai’s Bao Xuan’s Wife was the daughter of the Huan family, named Shaojun.

Xuan was educated by his father, the young emperor, who was surprised by his poverty, so he took his daughter as his wife and pretended to give him money and bribes. Xuan was displeased and said to his wife: "Young gentleman was born rich and arrogant, and I am accustomed to beautiful ornaments, but I am poor and lowly, so I dare not be polite." The wife said: "Your Excellency, in order to cultivate virtue and keep the promise, I made my humble concubine serve as a turban and comb. That means flattering a gentleman and obeying orders. "Xuan Xiao said, "It's my ambition to be able to do this." His wife then returned to serve on the emperor's clothes, put on a short cloth, and drove the deer cart back to his hometown with Xuan Xuan. After paying homage to her aunt, she carried the urn out of the house and practiced women's ways, which was called her by the country and the country.

Translation

The wife of Bao Xuan of Bohai is the daughter of the Huan family, named Shaojun. Bao Xuan once studied with Shaojun's father. Shaojun's father was surprised by his poverty and hard work, so he married his daughter to him. The dowry (when Shaojun got married) was very generous. Bao Xuan was not happy, so he said to his wife: "You were born into a wealthy family and are used to wearing beautiful clothes and decorations, but I am too poor and lowly to accept such a big gift." His wife. Said: "My father asked me to hold a towel and comb (to serve you) because you cultivate your moral character and keep your promises. Since I have served you, (I) will obey your orders." Bao Xuan smiled and said: "(You) can In this way, this is what I want." Shaojun returned all the clothes and jewelry of the servants and maids, changed into short clothes (the clothes of the nobles in the Han Dynasty were deep clothes, that is, long shirts), and pulled the cart with Bao Xuan. Return to hometown. After (she) paid her respects to her mother-in-law, she went out to fetch water with a water jar and practiced the ways of being a woman. The people in the village praised her very much. 5. Please translate the ancient text Xu Yun’s Wife

Xu Yun of the Eastern Jin Dynasty married Ruan Dewei’s daughter. On the night of flowers and candles, he found that the Ruan daughter was ugly and ran out of the new house in a hurry and refused to enter again. .

Later, Xu Yun's friend Huan Fan came to see him and said to Xu Yun: "Since the Ruan family married an ugly girl to you, there must be a reason. You have to investigate her." Xu Yun listened to Huan Fan's words really made him step into the new house.

But when he saw his wife's appearance, he was about to slip out again, but the bride grabbed him. While struggling, Xu Yun said to his bride: "A woman has the 'Four Virtues' (feudal ethics, women's words, women's appearance, and women's merits required of women by feudal ethics). How many of them do you meet?" The bride said: "I What is missing is just beauty.

And scholars have a hundred virtues. How many of them do you meet? "Xu Yun said, "I have a hundred virtues." Chief, you are lustful and immoral, how can you say that you are ready?" Xu Yun was speechless.

From then on, the couple respected and loved each other, and their relationship was harmonious. 6. The original text of Meng (ancient text)

The Chi Chi of Meng holds cloth and silk. Bandits come to trade silk, and when they come, they come to plot against me. Send the son to Sheqi, and go to Dunqiu. The gangster and I are in the wrong period, and I am an unscrupulous matchmaker. The general will not be angry, and autumn will come.

Take advantage of that wall to hope that the pass will be restored. Not seeing the return pass, I burst into tears. Seeing the return pass, I laughed and talked. Erbu Erzhen, the body has no blame words. Come with your car and move with my bribe.

Before the mulberry leaves fall, their leaves are like silk. The doves are sighing, and there are no mulberries to eat. When I come to complain about my daughter, I have no time to spend time with scholars. It is still possible to explain the delay of a scholar; it is indescribable to explain the delay of a woman!

The mulberry trees have fallen, and they have turned yellow and fallen. Self-imposed, poor at the age of three. The water in Qishui is flowing, and the curtains and clothes are gradually falling. Women are also unhappy, and scholars behave differently. Scholars are also extremely ignorant, but only have two or three virtues.

I am a married woman at the age of three, and I have to work hard at home. Work hard and sleep well at night, and the day will come. Once the words are fulfilled, they become violent. My brother didn't know, so he laughed. Think about it quietly and bow to mourn.

As we grow old together, old age makes me resentful. Qi has a bank, and Xi has a bank. At the general banquet, Yan Yan talked and laughed. Be true to your word and never think about the opposite. On the contrary, if you don’t think about it, that’s enough! 7. What are the classical Chinese articles about mothers?

1. "Three Movements of Mencius's Mother" Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty Zou Mengke's mother was named Meng Mu.

His house is close to the tomb. When Mencius was young, he used to play among the tombs.

Meng's mother said, "This is not the place where I live." So she went to live next to the market.

His travels are a show off thing for Jia people. Meng's mother said again: "This is not where I am, my son."

He moved back to live next to the academy. When he was playing, he set up a bean and bowed to allow him to advance or retreat.

Meng’s mother said, “It’s really a good place to live with your son.” So she lived.

He grew up with Mencius, learned the six arts, and died as a great Confucian. The gentleman said that Meng's mother was good at gradually changing.

2. "Xiang Ji Xuan Zhi" Ming · Gui Youguang However, living here is both gratifying and sad. First, the courtyard connects the north and the south into one.

The fathers and mothers have different families, and there are many small doors inside and outside, and the walls are often there. Dogs bark in the east and west, guests come over the kitchen to feast, and chickens roost in the hall.

The courtyard started out as a fence, and now it has become a wall, and it will change again. There is an old woman living here.

I am the maidservant of the first eldest mother, who has the second generation of breast milk, and the first concubine caress her deeply. The west of the room is connected to the middle boudoir, and the first concubine arrived.

Every time the woman called Yu, she said: "A certain place, and my mother lives here." The woman said again: "Your sister is in my arms, croaking and weeping. The mother knocked on the door with her finger and said, 'Is your child cold?' Do you want to eat? 'I answered from outside the banquet.'

Before I finished speaking, I was weeping, and the woman was weeping too. I tied up my hair and was in the study pavilion. One day, my eldest mother passed by me and said, "My son, I haven't seen Ruoying for a long time. Why are you here silently all day? You are such a girl?" She walked away, closed the door with her hands, and said to herself: "My family has been studying for a long time but it is not effective. I can't wait until my son is born!" After a while, he arrived holding an elephant wat and said: "My ancestor Taichang Gong held this for the court when he was proclaiming his virtue. You should use it someday!" "Looking at the ruins, it feels like it was yesterday, and one can't help but feel like it was yesterday.

3. "Biography·Chapter 21" Fang Xuanling and others Huangfu Mi, whose courtesy name was Shi'an and whose childhood name was Jing, was the great-grandson of Song, the Taiwei of the Han Dynasty. After leaving the country, my uncle moved to Xin'an.

Twenty years old, not willing to learn, wandering around, or thought to be crazy. Tasting the fruits, he always went to the house and his aunt Ren's family.

Because of the sigh, he said: "In the past, Meng's mother moved three times to become a benevolent person, and my great-father cooked hogs to preserve his teachings. How come I live without knowing my neighbors, and my teachings are lacking? How can I be dull and stupid! Cultivate yourself and study hard. What I got from you is of no use to me!" I cried over it. Mi was so grateful that he received the letter from Xi Tan, a native of his hometown, and worked diligently.

Living in poverty, he worked on his own crops and farmed with his scriptures, and then he learned a lot about the classics and hundreds of schools of thought. He was quiet and had few desires, but he had noble ambitions. He devoted himself to writing and named himself Mr. Xuan Yan.

He is the author of "Ritual and Music" and "Shengzhen". Later, he developed wind paralysis, and his hands kept curling.

4. "Mother's Biography: Wei Mang's Loving Mother" Liu Xiang Wei Mang's loving mother, the daughter of Wei Mengyang's family, and the wife after Mang Mao. There are three sons.

I have five children from my ex-wife, but none of them loves their loving mother. Even though they are very different, I still don’t love them.

The loving mother ordered her three sons not to have the same clothes and food as her ex-wife. They lived far apart from each other, and the ex-wife's son still didn't love her. So the middle son of his ex-wife should die for violating King Wei's order. The loving mother was so sad that she reduced the size of her body and worked hard day and night to save his criminal.

A loving mother said: "How can a person not love his mother even if he is so industrious and worried?" A loving mother said: "Like a concubine's own son, even though she does not love her, she still saves her and gets rid of her harm. How can she be different from an ordinary mother if she does not act alone as a false child? Her father is an orphan and she makes her stepmother. A stepmother is like a mother who cannot love her son. How can she be kind to her? False, it can be said that it is unkind and unrighteous, how can it be established in the world! Even if I don’t love him, I can forget my righteousness!” So ??I filed a lawsuit.

When King Anli of Wei heard about it, he praised his justice and said: "How can a loving mother not save her son?" He pardoned his son and restored his family. From then on, the five sons were closely attached to their loving mother, and they were as one as one.

The loving mother guided the eight sons through the cultivation of etiquette and righteousness, and they all became officials and ministers of the Wei Dynasty. A gentleman says that a loving mother is single-minded.

The poem goes: "The corpse dove is in the mulberry tree, and its son is seven-year-old. A gentleman and a gentleman, his manners are the same, his manners are the same, and his heart is like a knot." The words and the heart are unified.

A corpse dove raises seven sons with one heart, and a gentleman raises all things with one ritual. One heart can serve hundreds of kings, but a hundred hearts cannot serve one king.

This is what is called. The hymn says: Mangmao's wife, stepmother of five sons, is kind and benevolent, raising a false son. Although I don't love her, she is like a close relative and a stepmother, so she is sincere and respectable.

5. "Eight Comments" Han Fei A loving mother is like a weak son, and love cannot come before her.

However, if a weak person has an idiosyncratic way, make him follow the teacher; if he has a bad disease, make him a doctor.

If you don’t follow the teacher, you will be punished; if you don’t practice medicine, you will be suspected of death. Although a loving mother is loving, it is of no use in upholding punishment and saving her from death, so it is not love to save her son.

The nature of children and mothers is love; the power of ministers and masters is policy. A mother cannot preserve her family with love, but how can a king preserve his country with love? If you understand the master and have access to wealth and power, you can achieve your desires.

Therefore, be careful to listen and govern, which is the way to become prosperous and strong. Understand its laws and prohibitions, and observe its strategies.

If the law is clear, there will be no danger of chaos within, and there will be no danger of death or captivity outside. Therefore, those who preserve the country are not benevolent and righteous.

A benevolent person is one who is kind and considerate of wealth; a violent person is one who is determined but easy to kill. If you are kind and kind, you will not tolerate it; if you despise wealth, you will be willing to give.

If the heart is determined, then the hatred will be seen below; if it is easy to punish, then it will kill others indiscriminately. If you are intolerant, you will be punished a lot and forgiven; if you are friendly, you will be rewarded a lot and have no merit.

If you hate what you see in your heart, you will blame your superiors; if you punish them in vain, your superiors will betray you. Therefore, when a benevolent person is in power, he will be unruly and lightly violate the forbidden laws, and he will be lucky and hope for those above him; when a violent person is in power, the laws will be erroneous, but the ministers will be obedient, and the people will be resentful and confused.

Therefore it is said: Those who are benevolent and violent will all perish their country. 6. "Biography of Women·Mother's Biography·Zou Mengke's Mother" Zou Mengke's mother.

No. Meng Mu. His house is near the tomb.

When Mencius was a young man, he played around in the tombs and actively built and buried them. Meng's mother said: "This is not the place where I live."

So she went to live near the market. His play is a show off thing for Jia people.

Mencius' mother said again: "This is not the place where I live." She moved to the palace next to her.

The way to play is to set up a crotch to move forward and retreat. Meng's mother said: "My son can really live here."

So he lived there. He grew up with Mencius, learned the six arts, and died as a great Confucian.

The gentleman said that Meng’s mother was good at gradually changing. The poem goes: "What should I give to my son?" This is what I mean.

Mencius was a young man. After studying, Meng's mother returned home and made great achievements. She asked: "Where did you learn?" Mencius said: "It's self-ruling." Meng's mother cut the weave with a knife.

Mencius was afraid and asked why. Mencius' mother said: "The reason for your abandonment of learning is that I have stopped the weaving. A husband, a gentleman, learns to establish his reputation, and when he asks, he will know a lot. If he lives in this way, he will be at peace and active. It will be far more harmful.

If you abolish it now, you will not be free from servants, but you will not be able to avoid disaster. , and there will be no shortage of food! Women will waste their food, and men will fall into cultivating virtues. If they are not committed to stealing, they will be slaves."

Mencius was afraid, and he studied hard day and night, teaching his son. Thinking, he became a famous Confucian in the world. The gentleman said that Meng's mother knew the way of being a mother.

The poem goes: "How can I tell my son?"