Teacher Lei Zi's Interpretation of Chen She Family in Historical Records

Chen She said, "If you are rich, you will never forget each other." His success or failure lies in this sentence.

It turns out that Chen, Yangcheng people are also involved in the word. Wu Guangzhe, Yang Xiaren, is an uncle. When Chen She was young, he tried to plow with people's servants, and he was disappointed for a long time in his fallow ridge. He said, "If you have money, you will never forget each other." The mediocre man smiled and replied, "If you are a mediocre farmer, how can you be rich?" Chen She breathed a sigh of relief and said, "Well, sparrows know the ambition of swans!" (The Chen She Family)

Why don't you say "Chen Sheng family" when reading Historical Records? Because Bobby Chen is a famous name, it involves his words. The first name came from his parents when he was born, and the word came from himself when he was an adult. Praise means respect.

? Chen She, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang contributed the most to overthrowing the Qin Dynasty. Chen She was the initiator of the anti-Qin uprising, and Xiang Yu and Liu Bang were followers.

? At the beginning of the article, this short story mentioned Chen She's lifelong pursuit and the reasons for his success or failure. "Swallows know the ambition of swans!" And "seeking wealth" shows that Chen She is ambitious, but his ambition lies in wealth. "I don't forget each other," he said, but he didn't do it himself. He became rich later, but he forgot his poor brother. Later, he failed and died at the hands of the groom, who should have been close to him but killed him. There are similar words in Biography of Li Si. At the beginning of Biography of Li Si, Li Si lamented the contrast between the rats in the granary and the rats in the toilet. He is determined to be a mouse in the granary, just to pursue status and wealth. He pursued, but persisted, and finally got lost in this idea and died in it.

? There is also an interesting story about "Gou Fugui never forgets anything". "Family of consorts" said that the mother of Emperor Xiaowen, Mrs. Bo, had a good relationship with Zhao Zier when she was young, and the three met "Gou Fugui never forgets anything". Later, Guan Furen and Zhao Zier were first favored by Liu Bang. Not only did they not help Mrs. Bo, but they also joked about the agreement. Hearing this, Liu Bang sympathized with Mrs. Bo, so he spoiled her all night, and later gave birth to Liu Heng. Liu Heng later became Emperor Xiaowen, and Bo Xilai became the most virtuous queen mother in history.

? Therefore, it is good to have money and forget everything, but many people can't. They just want to be rich and don't want to share with others, and the results of these people will not be too good. On the other hand, if someone really does it, it must be very lucky.

Several details of the Daze Township Uprising, Chen Sheng and Guangwu.

In July of the first year of the second year, Zuo Shouyu Yang and 900 people were stationed in osawa Township. Chen Sheng and Guangwu became captains of chariots. It will rain heavily, the road will be blocked, and the temperature has already been lost. When time is lost, the law will be cut. Chen Sheng and Guangwu said, "If you die today, you will die. How can you die if you wait to die? " Chen Sheng said: "Ku Jin suffers all over the world. I heard that II had a younger son, but it was not done properly. It was done by his son Fu Su. Fu Su admonished foreign generals with several words. If you are not guilty today, you will be killed by II. Many people have heard of their sages, but they don't know their death. Xiang Yan, the general of Chu, made many contributions and loved foot soldiers. The Chu people pitied him. Or think of death, or think of death. Today, I sincerely call myself Fu Su and Xiang Yan and sing for the world. I should respond more actively. " Guangwu thinks so. The soothsayer knew what this meant. He said, "Everything is difficult at the beginning, and you have merit. However, the ghost of the first step! " Chen Sheng and Wu Guangxi thought of ghosts and said, "This teaches me to show my ears first." The book of Dan says "Chen Wangsheng Wang", and it is put in the belly of a fish. Strangely, a pawn bought fish to cook and got a book in the fish's stomach. In the temple next to Wu, there is a bonfire at night, and what does the fox say is "Great Chu Xing, Chen". All the soldiers are afraid at night. On the day of his death, stroke often talked, all referring to Chen Sheng.

Wu Guang loves his wife, and his foot soldiers are mostly users. Drunk the captain, so he said he wanted to die, angered the captain and humiliated him to anger his public. Weiguo kuan Wei Jianting, widely circulated, captured and killed the captain. Chen Sheng assisted him and killed two commanders. The summoner said, "If it rains, it's overdue. Cut it off. My brother ordered me not to behead, but to watch over the dead. If a strong man dies, he will become famous, and princes will have descendants! " All the disciples said, "I respect your commands." Fu Su and Xiang Yan, two sons, are pretending to obey the people. To the right is called Dachu. Alliance altar, sacrifice to the captain. (The Chen She Family)

Interpretation of details 1: Is Qin Law "delayed"? There is a debate in academic circles. Looking at the original text, when Bobby Chen said this, he was not sure. To say the least, even if it is not cut, 67 people in 10 will die defending the border. Maybe Bobby Chen may deliberately make Qin Fa worse.

Detail 2: How to kill General Qin? When the captain was drunk, Guangwu deliberately said that he wanted to escape and angered the captain, so he whipped Guangwu. Many versions of this story say that the captain's sword was exposed and Guangwu drew his sword and killed the general. Let's look at the original: Wei Jianting. This "ting" is misunderstood by some people as "quite exposed". In fact, "ting" means drawing a sword. At the end of the article, it is said that "capture and kill the commandant" means that the sword has been pulled out by the commandant and taken away by Guangwu.

Detail 3: The insurgents pretend to be sons Fu Su and Xiang Yan. Xiang Yan is easy to understand. The insurgents were all Chu people, and Xiang Yan was General Chu who was killed by the State of Qin. It seems a little hard to understand when it comes to Fu Su. Because Fu Su is a member of the Qin regime, it seems wrong to fight against Qin under the banner of Fu Su. This is my opinion. Hu Hai inherited the throne through improper means, but he didn't practice benevolent government, which made people disgusted and questioned the legitimacy of his succession. If he can be like Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, although the throne was not properly obtained, he can govern the country well and the people will accept him. But Hu Hai continued the tyranny of Qin Shihuang, so people wanted to overthrow him under the banner of Fuxi. So Chen Sheng, Guangwu used Xiang Yan and Fu Su to arouse the reaction of two kinds of people, one is the Chu people who have deep feelings for Chu, and the other is that the world has been unified, but Hu Hai is not a good emperor and wants to overthrow him. Other vassal states, such as Qi, Yan and Zhao, will not sympathize with Xiang Yan, but may sympathize with Fu Su.

? Detail 4: Bobby Chen and Guangwu are preparing for the uprising. They are going to tell fortune. The fortune teller was very supportive when he learned that they were going to fight Qin. He said, You will succeed without divination. Then say "the ghost who divines". In the present words, you divine ghosts! The original intention should be that there is no need for divination. However, Chen Sheng and Wu kept chanting "ghost" and suddenly got inspiration, so they wrote an article about "ghost". Is going to use the power of ghosts and gods to establish their own prestige. So they put a small note in the belly of the fish they bought in advance, which said "Chen", and asked them to light a bonfire at the old ancestral temple at night to learn what the fox said, "Great Chu Xing, Chen" and so on. So people who go to the frontier defense are more convinced that it is God's will for Chen Sheng to be king.

The ending of guangwu

Bobby Chen is a general and Guangwu is a captain. Attack osawa Township, and then attack. In this case, Commander Ying Ge turned his soldiers to the east. Attack, hairpin, bitter, zhe, qiaocheng all fall. Okay, retreat. Compared with Chen, he rode six or seven hundred cars, rode more than one thousand, and killed tens of thousands of people. When attacking Chen, Chen Shouling was away, and he was fighting alone. Fu Sheng and Shou Cheng died according to Chen. A few days later, the monastery called three elders, heroes and everyone to the finance room. The three elders and all the heroes said, "The general is determined to win, and the attack is invincible. He has destroyed Qin and rebuilt Chu, so he deserves to be king." Make Chen She king, posthumous title Zhang Chu. ……

Xingyang, Wu Guangwei. Li You keeps Sanchuan, Xingyang and Wu Shufu. ……

The generals consulted and said, "Zhou, you are defeated. When Qin Jun arrives at dusk, I will surround Xingyang City, but when Qin Jun arrives, it will be defeated. It is better to keep fewer soldiers, enough to keep Xingyang, knowing that a good soldier will meet Qin Jun. If we leave Wang Jiao today, we don't know the relieving. You can't count on it. If you don't punish it, you will lose. " Because Xiangjiao ordered Wu Shu to be punished, he dedicated his head to Wang Chen. Ambassador Wang Chen gave Tian Cang Chu to Yin Yin and made him a general. Tian Cang made Li Gui a general, guarding Xingyang City and welcoming Qin Jun into West Aocang. There is war, Tian Cang dies, and the army is broken. Zhang Han attacked Li Gui and Xingyang, and Li Gui died. (The Chen She Family)

? Sima Qian upgraded Chen Sheng Biography to Home for two reasons. First of all, he affirmed his first achievement against Qin. Second, many heroes followed Chen Sheng after the uprising. They were the first batch of "revolutionaries" who opposed the Qin Dynasty and pieced together their stories into "Chen She Family". Therefore, we should not regard The Chen She Family as a biography of Chen She, but a biography of a group of people. Below we will tell their stories one by one, as well as their grievances.

Let's start with Guangwu. Guangwu and Chen Sheng were the initiators of Daze Township Uprising. During the uprising, Chen Sheng was a general and Guangwu was a captain. At the beginning of the uprising, it went well, and soon occupied osawa Township and Qixian County. In Chen, Chen Sheng was king and the regime was called "Zhang Chu". Guangwu was appointed as a "fake king" (acting as Wang Chen's power) to supervise the generals' attack on Xingyang. At that time, Li You, the son of Li Si, was stationed in Xingyang, and Zhang Han's army was coming to support Li You. Xingyang can't attack for a long time. At that time, there was a general named Tian Cang, who conspired with the generals to say that "the fake king Wu Guangjiao did not know the military power" and that he was arrogant and did not know the contingency of the art of war. If we don't kill Guangwu, I'm afraid we will be defeated. So he killed Guangwu and sent his head to Chen Sheng to report. Chen Sheng didn't also way, just send Tian Cang a accommodate them, named Zang Chu Lingyi, and became a general. Later, Tian Cang ordered Li to defend Xingyang and led an army to meet it, only to be defeated and die. So Zhang Han defeated Li Gui outside Xingyang and killed Li Gui. From this point of view, Tian Cang killed Guangwu not only for private rights, but also as a hero who was not afraid of Qiang Qin and fought bravely to the death. On the other hand, Guangwu died with regret. He loved foot soldiers in his early years and was deeply loved. Later, his status became higher and higher, and he might be as arrogant as Bobby Chen. Chen Sheng was later killed by his groom, and both rebel leaders died by their own hands. What a pity!

There are four types of heroes in Chen She's novels: loyalty, rebellion, vacillation and independence.

At this time, all the counties and counties suffering from Qin officials were punished and killed by their long ministers in response. Taking Wu Shu as the false king, he ordered people to make a western expedition to Xingyang. Chen people,,, rush to Zhao, Gui Yin people Deng Zong rush to Jiujiang. At this time, thousands of Chu soldiers gathered together, which is countless.

Ying Ge went to Dongcheng and made Xiang Qiang king of Chu. When the baby heard that Wang Chen had made a decision, he was rewarded for killing Xiang Qiang. For Chen, kill him. King Chen ordered him to seize the land of Wei. Xingyang, Wu Guangwei. Li You keeps Sanchuan, Xingyang and Wu Shufu. Chen, a great talent, was sealed by Cai's predecessor.

Zhou Wenren, Chen Zhixian, is also a Hunan researcher. He regards the sun as a matter of spring and Shen Jun, and he says he is a soldier. And the general Yinxi attacked Qin. Retreat is very important, thousands of cars, hundreds of thousands of soldiers, to the drama, to the army. The Qin Dynasty ordered Zhang Han, a low-level government official, to avoid being a disciple and slave of Shan Li, and sent people to attack and defeat the Chu army. In February and March, Zhou Wen defeated the Commissioner and stopped Cao Yang. Zhang Han chased him for more than ten days and returned to Mianchi. Zhang Han hit it, a big breakthrough. Since Zhou Wen was 30, the army has stopped fighting.

When I arrived in Handan, I became the king of Zhao, the general, the left prime minister and the right prime minister. Wang Chen was so angry that he arrested Chen Wu and other families and wanted to punish them. Zhu Guo said, "If the Qin Dynasty didn't die, it would be the A Qin Dynasty in my life. It is better to stand on it. " Wang Chen, as an envoy, invited Zhao, Qian and other family members to enter the palace, while Zhang Ao, the son of Er, was named king of Chengdu, which made Zhao soldiers eager to enter the customs. Zhao Wang said, "Wang Wang Zhao didn't mean it. Chu has ruled Qin, so he must add soldiers to Zhao. The plan is nothing more than not to be a western soldier and let the north use the land of Yan State to expand itself. According to "Dajiang", there is beauty and wear in the north. Although Chu was superior to Qin, he dared not make Zhao. If Chu can't beat Qin, we should emphasize Zhao. Zhao's shortcomings can reach the world. " The prince of Zhao thought so, too, but because he didn't want to go west, he sent Shi Hanguang, a pawn in the valley, to lead troops north to compete for the state of Yan.

The noble hero of Yan said to Han Guang, "Chu has established a king, and Zhao has established a king. Although Yan is small, it is also a thousand times the country. The former general was named the Prince of Yan. " Han Guang said, "Wide eyes are in Zhao. No way. " Yan said, "There is Qin in the west and Chu in the south, and its strength cannot control me. Moreover, with the strength of Chu, I dare not harm the family of Zhao Wang, and Zhao Duan dares to harm the family of the general! " Hanbitsoft took it for granted, but he became a prince himself. After living for several months, Zhao's Empress Dowager and her family returned to her home.

At this time, there will be countless people who have a preference for land. Run to find Di, who killed Di Ling in order to fight back against Zhoucheng, and made himself king of Qi. The city army was scattered, but it also wanted to conquer Wei, and wanted to establish Wei, so it blamed Wang Wei. When the blame is yes, it is not Wei. The land of Wei has been settled, and Zhou is Wang Wei, but Zhou refused. The five evils, the emissary, and Chen Wangnai made Ling Jun blame Wang Wei and sent him back to China. Zhou is a city pawn.

The generals consulted and said, "Zhou, you are defeated. When Qin Jun arrives at dusk, I will surround Xingyang City, but when Qin Jun arrives, it will be defeated. It is better to keep fewer soldiers, enough to keep Xingyang, knowing that a good soldier will meet Qin Jun. If we leave Wang Jiao today, we don't know the relieving. You can't count on it. If you don't punish it, you will lose. " Because Xiangjiao ordered Wu Shu to be punished, he dedicated his head to Wang Chen. Ambassador Wang Chen gave Tian Cang Chu to Yin Yin and made him a general. Tian Cang made Li Gui a general, guarding Xingyang City and welcoming Qin Jun into West Aocang. There is war, Tian Cang dies, and the army is broken. Zhang Han attacked Li Gui and Xingyang, and Li Gui died.

Deng, a native of Yangcheng, said that the soldiers must be stationed in Tan and cannot be broken. Deng said that the army scattered Chen. Black chicken Xu, led the troops to occupy Xu, defeated, scattered Chen. Chen said to Deng:

At the beginning of Wang Chen's reign, Qin Jia, Dong Zhong, Liv, Zhu Jishi, Zheng Bu, Ren Xu, Ding, etc. All the people in the mausoleum stood out and surrounded the East China Sea to show their respect for Yong. Chen was named general, commanding the three armed forces. Qin Jia didn't order, Jia was a fu, and evil returned. He said to the officers, "Wu Pingjun is young and doesn't understand military affairs. Don't listen! " Because of the king's orders, he killed Pan Jun of Wuping.

Wu Xu has been defeated, Chen has been attacked, and the king of the country has died. And invaded Chen and Zhang. Wang Chen was imprisoned, the army was broken, and Zhang He died.

In the twelfth lunar month, the shadow returned to his father in downtown, and his royal family killed him and surrendered to Qin. Chen Sheng buried Yi, saying that he was a hermit.

The person in charge of this warehouse is Lv Chen, the late general of Chen Wang. He raised a new sun, attacked Chen, killed him and regarded Chen as Chu.

At first, I went to see Chen and ordered my troops to stay in Wan and enter Wuguan. I stayed in Nanyang until I heard that I was dead and Nanyang returned to Qin. Liu Song could not enter Wuguan, but went to Xincai. When he met him, Liu Song left Israel and surrendered to the State of Qin. Qinchuan stayed in Xianyang, which was biased against Checha.

When Qin Jia and others heard that Wang Jun Chen had been broken, they made Ju Jing king of Chu, led troops to attack Qin Jun, and made Gongsunqing king of Qi, trying to keep pace. The King of Qi said, "I heard that Wang Chen was defeated, and I don't know whether to live or die. Do you want to be king if you don't invite yourself! " The duke said, "The State of Qi didn't invite Chu to be king, so why did Chu invite Qi to be king?" ! And Chu is the order of the world first. "Tian Yan killed GongSunQing.

The left and right factions of Qin resumed their attacks on Chen. After General Lu left, he retreated outside the forest. The thief saved the soldiers, took the other soldiers, attacked the schools around Qin, broke the blue waves and returned to Chen. Xiang Liang made Sun Xin king of Chu.

Chen She's heroes can be divided into four types: loyalty, rebellion, vacillation and independence.

The loyal type is represented by Zhou. After being sent to seize the land of Wei, Qi and Zhao each sent 50 chariots to support Wang Wei, but they refused. He sent messengers to Wei five times, because Wei was the descendant of Wei, the former king. Wei blames the queen of Wei, and is in harmony. Later, he defeated Wei and was killed. Wei blamed and made a good deal, saved the lives of the people and committed suicide. Thus, Zhou Shi and Wei Qi are loyal men.

Zhou Wen, Liu Song and Lv Chen can also be regarded as loyal subjects.

Zhou Wen, originally a diviner of Xiang Yan, once followed Chun, claiming to be a soldier, making him a general and attacking Qin in the west. Along the way, people kept joining his army. When we arrived at Hangu Pass, there were thousands of chariots and hundreds of thousands of soldiers. But he was defeated by Zhang Han and later killed. Zhou Wen is brave, but he really doesn't understand the art of war.

Liu Song was sent by Wang Chen to pacify Nanyang and prepare to attack Wuguan. When he met Qiang Qin and was defeated, he was sent to Xianyang and chopped up. Being so hated by the Qin regime also reflected the heroic spirit of the uprising general.

Lv Chen, originally Zhong Juan under Chen Sheng, is responsible for cleaning. After Chen Sheng was killed by the groom, Lv Chen was pacified, regained control of the Chen regime, and continued to resist the State of Qin. During the Wang Huai period, he was tied with Xiang Yu and Liu Bang. After the defeat, Xiang Yu took refuge in Liu Bang, was blocked, and later died of illness. Good ending.

Rebellious generals represented by Chen Wu and Han Guang. Wang Chen sent Chen Wu to attack Zhao Di, and Zhang Er and Chen Yu assisted him. Unexpectedly, after winning Zhao Di, Chen Wu became the king of Zhao, and no longer obeyed Wang Chen's command. Chen Wu sent Hanbitsoft to explore Yan's land, but actually Hanbitsoft painted a tiger like a cat, established himself as a prince, and did not listen to Chen Wu's command. Although they rebelled, their ability and courage were commendable, and they also developed their own careers. After all, Wang Chen has many limitations.

Swing, with Ying Ge. He was sent to attack the city east of Chen, and went to Dongcheng to establish Qiang as the king of Chu. Later, when he heard that Chen Sheng was the king, Ying Ge killed Xiang Qiang and came back to plead guilty to Wang Chen. But Wang Chen didn't let Ying Ge go, but killed him. Han Xin, a swing general in history, was loyal to Liu Bangyou and rebelled, and finally died.

Independent generals, such as Qin Jia and Tian Xian. Chen Sheng uprising, Qin Jia also arise, Chen Sheng sent Wu Ping to control Qin Jia, Qin Jia directly killed Wu Pingjun. After the defeat of Chen Sheng, Qin Jia named Ju Jing King of Chu, and later Qin Jia was killed by Xiang Liang. Tian Yan is more independent. Chen She sent troops to attack the State of Qi, and in response to Di and Tian Xian, he killed Di Ling, established himself as the king of Qi, and even drove him out of the State of Qi. Later, the family occupied the State of Qi, and they were not very United with other governors. Later, they were attacked by Han Xin. But until the founding of Liu Bang, Tian Heng remained entrenched on the island. Later, Tian Heng surrendered and committed suicide on the road, and 500 strong men on the island also committed suicide. Probably because of the geographical location, the easternmost part is near the sea, and Qi likes to be alone. For example, during the Warring States period, he didn't take part in the anti-Qin and anti-Qin uprisings, just wanted to have his own independent kingdom, as if anti-Qin was none of his business.

Chen She's character determined his failure.

? Chen is a fan of June. King, Wang Chen. His old friend tasted it and heard it from the mediocre tiller. He closed the door of the palace and said, "I want to see it." The palace gate order wants to bind it. Self-defense, set, denied. When Wang Chen came out, he was walking on the road, shouting. When Wang Chen heard about it, he was summoned and taken away. When he entered the palace, he saw the curtains in the temple and said, "Hey! All involved are Wang Shenshen! " The Chu people say that many people are in partnership, so it is spread all over the world, and partnership is king, which began in Chen She. The guests are getting more and more comfortable. They say Wang Chen is getting old. Or Chen Wang said, "The guest is ignorant, arrogant and arrogant." Wang Chen cut it. Chen Wang is an old friend of his, so he has no relatives. Wang Chen took Zhu Fang as the right post, Hu Wu as the leader, and served as the main book and minister. The general will be partial to the ground, and those who make him wrong will be guilty and loyal to the harsh inspection. Those who are not good at it need autonomy to be officials. Wang Chen owes it. The generals were defeated because they were not attached to each other for their reasons.

Although Chen Sheng died, he sent his officials to die in the State of Qin, so he took part in the first thing. When Emperor Gaozu was in Chen She, he had 30 graves, and he has been sucking blood ever since.

At the end of the article, Sima Qian described Chen She's character from two aspects. On the one hand, he is unfaithful to his old friends; on the other hand, his subordinates are suspicious by nature.

Chen She used to be a servant, so he said to the farmers nearby, "Don't forget each other when you are rich." . Later, he became the king of Chen, rich as an enemy, but not so. A friend who used to plow with him went to see him and went to his palace gate, but the guard didn't want to inform him. Later, when Chen She was traveling, the man shouted Chen She's name. Chen She summoned him and took him back to his palace. When the poor friend saw the splendor of Chen She Palace, he was particularly sighed. Soon, he was outspoken and talked about Wang Chen's past. The news reached the ears of Chen She. Chen She killed his friend in a fit of pique. The killing scared away other friends. They think that Chen She is heartless and unwilling to associate with Chen She again, lest he make a mistake and be killed.

On the other hand, Chen She suspects his subordinates. The generals he sent were closely monitored, and any disloyalty would be severely dealt with. He has two cronies, Zhu Fang and Hu Wu, who are in charge of supervising the minister. They made mistakes and directly punished them without trial procedures. In this way, Chen She became more and more unpopular, and eventually became a loner, and died in failure.

Chen She failed, but the generals he sent led the insurgents from all over the country, wave after wave, and finally destroyed the Qin Dynasty. Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu, was the leader of an insurgent army. After unifying the Central Plains, he ordered 30 families to guard Chen She's mausoleum. Until Sima Qian's time, sacrifices were still being made. It can be seen that Liu Bang's contribution to Chen She is very positive!