Is the type of idiom error inappropriate?

(1) What are the eight types of idiom misuse?

1, Dai Li 2, Yi 3, repetition and redundancy 4, contradiction 5, ignorance of weight 6, ignorance of color 7, illogical 8, improper modification.

⑵ Examples of idiom error types

1/7 Step by step reading

Errors in reading text and creating meaning

Idioms often come from the summary of allusions. When we don't know the source of these allusions or allusions, the most common mistake is to read idioms directly through the literal meaning. For example, the literal meaning of "an empty lane" is that the alley is empty, empty. But the practical significance is that every family comes out of the alley to celebrate, welcome, and there are many people on the street. Contrary to its literal meaning.

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Object misuse error

Some idioms refer to specific objects, and the scope of use is limited to the referred objects, so it is not convenient to use them in other places. For example, "there are too many books to finish", that sentence: Lei Feng does good things without leaving a name, and he has done too many good things in his life to finish. However, "countless books" are used to describe endless crimes.

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Mistakes in misusing words of respect and modesty

People in China always pay attention to words. They like to use modest words to themselves and respectful words to others, but they often make the mistake of reversing respect and modesty in life. Such as "bright", sentence: Today is bright because of my arrival. "resplendent" generally refers to the arrival of guests. The host said that his home was resplendent because of the arrival of the guests, but it can't be said that his arrival made the host's home resplendent.

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Semantic repetition error

Every idiom has its specific meaning, and it is easy to make semantic repetition mistakes if you don't understand it. Such as "fresh in my memory", sentence: I still remember that touching scene vividly and deeply. "Fresh in memory" means remembering very clearly and deeply, and repeating the following words constantly.

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Context mismatch error

Chinese pays attention to a certain context, while idioms are even worse, and the context is out of place, which is also very easy to lead to misuse. For example, "walk without riding", sentence: In order to reach the destination quickly, rescue officers and soldiers can only walk but not ride. Here, it is out of context to walk rather than ride. "Walk rather than ride" mostly describes unhurried walking, which is inconsistent with rescue.

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Praise and criticize misuse mistakes.

Idioms mostly come from allusions, and some idioms have obvious differences in interpretation. Such as "amazing", sentence: Being an official for several years, the crimes committed are amazing. "Amazing" is often to praise what you see to the extreme, which is a commendatory term. If the description is not good, it can't be used.

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Synonymy confusion error

Some idioms have similar meanings and are easy to make confusing mistakes. For example, "let nature take its course" and "let nature take its course" can mean that you can handle any encounter safely. However, calmness means being in trouble and still being able to do things as usual. The latter emphasizes being able to adapt to any environment, but the two are still slightly different.

(3) Idiom misuse type 1

1, Dai Li 2, Yi 3, repetition and redundancy 4, contradiction 5, ignorance of weight 6, ignorance of color 7, illogical 8, improper modification.

1, Dai Li, Zhang Guan: Every idiom has its scope of application and objects. If you use it improperly, you will make mistakes.

Ex.: He likes painting since he was a child and often doodles on paper. Now the birds he painted are lifelike. ("Graffiti" refers to writing, not drawing)

2. Making meaning by reading the text: For some idioms, it is taken for granted that their meanings are literally recognized, which leads to misuse.

For example, the accuracy of the statement that "the national football team is in command" is still unknown, but people believe that it is by no means groundless. ("groundless" means that news and rumors are not completely unreasonable and are misunderstood as "false rumors" here)

3. Redundancy: The same meaning as the idiom has been expressed in the sentence context, which leads to semantic repetition.

Example: In the dead of night, Wang Xiaodong hurried through the alley and flashed into a dark door at the corner of the alley. ("One person" means "one person")

4. Contradiction: In application, the meanings of some idioms are different and inconsistent with those expressed in other parts of the sentence.

He is always careless about his work and afraid of shouldering heavy responsibilities. (semantic contradiction before and after)

5, regardless of weight: idioms are exaggerated and unbalanced compared with the scenes described in the context.

Example: The flood washed away Li Laohan's house, and the whole village was very sad. There is sadness everywhere in front of and behind the village. ("Mourning is greater than dying in the heart" refers to the displaced victims in the old society who were full of groans and cries. Too heavy)

6. Overcolor: Overcolor is mainly manifested in praise, abuse and improper style color.

Some young scientists are determined to overcome many difficulties and explore the mysteries of nature with all their courage. ("Do anything" means "dare to do anything bad", and mistake derogatory words for commendatory words)

7. Misuse of respect and modesty: Some idioms that have been used since ancient times have been branded with the imprint of the ancients, and some have been used to call themselves (modesty), such as carving insects, smearing the east and smearing the west, and getting a thousand benefits; Others use it to address each other (honorifics), such as helping each other and sitting in the spring breeze. If you confuse them, it may cause misunderstanding.

Ex.: Director Wang's words played a role in attracting jade, which led to many good suggestions on product quality. ("Throw a brick to attract jade" means to express a very superficial opinion first, with the aim of eliciting better and more mature opinions from others. It is a modest speech, which is misused as a respectful speech in a sentence. )

8. Misuse of parts of speech: Idioms are actually phrases with fixed structures, some are noun phrases, some are verb phrases, and some are adjective phrases, so they have specific grammatical functions and cannot be misused.

Example: The encirclement is getting smaller and smaller, and these heinous criminals have become catching turtles in a bird. "An Weng catches a turtle" is a verb phrase. In this sentence, it is regarded as a noun phrase, wrongly used as the object of "success" and should be changed to "turtle in a jar" )

(4) Idioms are used incorrectly.

Five kinds of mistakes in idiom use 1 "Out of context". For example, in the 2007 National Ninghai VolumeNo. 19, item A, "Telephone brings great convenience to people, but sometimes it is not the best way to contact. There are some things to say, and gestures can really be made clear. " Among them, "face-to-face teaching" (commendatory, describing inculcation) is generally used for teachers to inculcate students or younger generations, which does not conform to the context of face-to-face communication supplemented by gestures emphasized in alternative sentences. "Out of context" is the most common phenomenon in the use of idioms. There are many reasons, so teachers and candidates should pay more attention, identify and train repeatedly.

2. "Improper praise". For example, the national curriculum standard volume 20 13, item A, "He is introverted and usually reticent, but he becomes eloquent when he attends class, so his class is very popular with students." "Vigorous vibration" is reasonable, "eloquent" is the truth to describe self-righteousness, and the endless derogatory term doesn't feel appropriate here. Another example is Item A of Question 4 of Shandong Volume 20 12. "In this speech contest, all the contestants from the grassroots level performed well. Their eloquence and eloquence left a deep impression on everyone. " "Clever tongue is like a spring" is a description of rhetoric, eloquence and derogatory meaning. It is obviously inappropriate to praise or criticize a speaker. 3. "It makes sense to look at the words." For example, Shandong Volume 20 12 C, "The situation of flood fighting and disaster relief is grim, leaders at all levels stick to their posts, and there is no phenomenon of AWOL and long vacation, which ensures the safety of people's lives and property." In this item, "long leave is not paid back" originally means that it is not really implemented in the name of benevolence and righteousness, and later it means that it is borrowed for a long time. It is obviously wrong to describe it as not returning to work after a long vacation.

4. Use the wrong object. Some idioms are only suitable for describing specific people or things and have specific "directionality". Proposers often deliberately steal the column and confuse the object with the specific "directionality". If you don't know its specific application object and specific "directionality", problems will arise. For example, item 20 12 C of Anhui Volume "IAAF experts diagnosed that Liu Xiang and Robles are still the main men's 1 10 meter hurdles, and Liu Xiang's competitive state is increasing day by day, Robles is slightly unstable and his strength is declining". "Increasing day by day" refers to increasing day by day with the passage of time, and is generally used to describe people's ideological, emotional or psychological pressure, rather than competitive state.

5. contradiction. Any word, including idioms, exists in a specific sentence according to a certain grammatical relationship and has a fixed collocation method. If you leave this collocation, you will easily make mistakes, such as whether modifiers can be collocated with head words, whether verbs can be collocated with objects, whether verbal idioms can take objects, and so on. , not only from the sense, but also from the logical point of view, whether it is logical or not. For example, "that's a photo of two people, a handsome PLA soldier on the left and a weak student on the right." The collocation of "numerous students" and "one" is inconsistent.

5] What are the wrong types of idioms?

1, looking at words to create meaning

Example: Zhang Ming's composition is scrawled and his words are not red.

Analysis: "point", change, modify. It means that the composition level is extremely high, and the article is written in one go without revision. Easily misunderstood as an article without punctuation.

There are also idioms such as tomorrow's yellow flowers, lack of training, arrogance, empty streets, fighting and so on.

2. Praise and abuse

The text is rich and colorful. * * * Color sense is generally divided into three categories: neutral, positive and negative. If the commendatory and derogatory words are used backwards, mistakes will be made.

Chen Shui-bian praised the volunteer spirit in Taiwan Province Province, saying, "There are many volunteer organizations, whether they are representatives of * * * or private enterprises, and so on. These are countless very touching success stories. "

Analysis: It is difficult to write a book, that is to say, there are so many crimes that it is difficult to write them all, which is derogatory. Chen Shui-bian's original intention here is praise, which can be used as a derogatory term, leaving the world with a big laughing stock.

Such idioms are rare (commendatory), ingenious (commendatory), magnificent (commendatory), full of wind and rain (derogatory), half a catty (derogatory), boastful (derogatory), initiator (derogatory) and so on.

3. Misuse of modesty and honorific words (inappropriate)

This type is similar to the misuse type. China people are used to respecting others, so they use honorifics. Be modest to yourself, so use modesty. People and I can't be reversed, or jokes will come out.

Example: Zhang Ming stood up and said, "What Teacher Liu said just now attracted a lot of attention. What I'm going to talk about next can only be regarded as dog tail and mink. "

Analysis: "Throw a brick to attract jade" means "first introduce your own bad opinions or articles to everyone, with the aim of attracting others' high praise or excellent works", which means modesty. Only Professor Chen said it himself, others said it was inappropriate.

Idioms expressing modesty are: grandiose, conceited, ridiculous, generous, ungrateful, arrogant, ignorant, ignorant and so on; Idioms expressing respect include: go all out, be humble, take the lead in setting an example, be humble, be all ears, be polite, and so on.

4. Use the wrong object

Some idioms use specific objects. If the objects are wrong, they are used wrongly.

Example: Although the mainland and Taiwan Province Province have not yet been unified, there will definitely be a second unification day.

Analysis: second time around is a metaphor for the reunion and reconciliation of husband and wife after separation or break. In other words, the word is limited to couples.

Such words include treating each other like guests (husband and wife), sweating profusely (books), repeatedly ordering five applications (up and down), old people (women), cardamom (women are thirteen or fourteen years old), face to face (elders to younger generations) and so on.

5. Semantic repetition

If some elements in idioms still exist in sentences, they will cause semantic repetition.

At the county people's congress meeting, many representatives put forward insightful suggestions.

Analysis: insightful, correct and thorough insights. The word itself has the meaning of "opinion" and is repeated with "suggestion".

For another example, the existing elements in the following phrases are repeated with the red part of idioms: (1) The working masses are in dire straits; (2) The victim is heartbroken; (3) People have been busy for several days and nights, staying up all night; (5) They are getting better day by day; (6) More students; (7) My humble abode is really radiant; (4)

6. Polysemous idioms

Idioms also have polysemy, so we should master them comprehensively. During the investigation, we often make a fuss about unfamiliar meanings.

Finally, Mr. Zhu Lao said that this was just an unintentional discussion, and I hope everyone can appreciate the spirit of careful choice of words.

Analysis: careless, ① the description is very brief, not detailed and not specific; (2) describe the loose style, not serious. In this sentence, it means ①.

7. Out of context

Idioms are also words, which should conform to a certain language environment. Inconsistent contexts will naturally lead to misuse.

Zhang Ming and Li Liang go to school and play football together almost every day. They know each other and trust each other. They are just brothers.

Analysis: We are in the same predicament and help each other. The sentence didn't mention the information that the two men overcame difficulties, so it was taken out of context.

Another example: turning the tide, metaphorically trying to save a sinister situation, if there is no sinister situation in the context, it cannot be used; A well-deserved reputation, "name" is a reputation, a good reputation, and there is no general reputation, notoriety or infamy; It's not satisfactory, but it's still satisfactory on the whole, and it can't be used to express dissatisfaction.

8. Not grammatical

Some idioms have their own idioms. If it conforms to idioms, it is used correctly, otherwise it is used improperly.

For example, researchers from the Institute of Computer Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences talked about the successful development of "Godson" 1, which is the first CPU with independent intellectual property rights in China, also known as "China Core".

Analysis: "relish" does not have the function of taking an object, so it is not used properly here.

Others, such as perfectionism, mediocrity, indifference and no object. Some idioms can only be used in negative sentences and interrogative sentences, such as saying the same thing in one day, saying the same thing in the same breath, generalizing, treating others equally, letting nature take its course and turning a blind eye. Some are only used in negative sentences, such as looking back, brushing away dust, panacea and so on. Some of them are mostly applicable to humorous and sarcastic sentences, such as miraculous, dying, washing the king's ear, washing the monkey crow, alas, dying and so on.

[6] Common idioms with improper weight

Idiom title idiom explanation

Love fur, oppose fur, oppose fur: wear fur, that is, the fur faces inward. In ancient times, people wore fur clothes, with fur facing outward. Metaphor does not pay attention to the root cause, and the weight is reversed.

Source: new order chores: when walking, I saw passers-by turning against autumn, saying,' Hu turned against autumn?' Yes: "I like his hair." Hou Wen said,' If you don't know what's inside, why don't you rely on evil?' "

Putting the cart before the horse: the root; End: treetops; Setting: put. Metaphor reverses the position of primary and secondary, light and heavy.

Source: Jin Anonymous's New Learning in Suide Prefecture: "However, if you don't know the rules, you don't have to put the cart before the horse."

Compare and measure the strength and weakness of the two aspects. It is also used to measure the weight of two aspects.

Source: Han Jiayi's On Qin: "Try to make Lu and Chen She bigger and bigger, and we can't talk about it in the same year."

Equal collocation is equally important. Metaphor treats both with similar attitudes or views.

Source: The Biography of Ma Yuan in the Later Han Dynasty: "It can't be amazing in the world, and it can't be amazing in the next ... I am very ashamed."

I don't know the height, which means I don't know the depth of speaking or doing things.

Source: Wu Mingcheng's Journey to the West The 41st time: "You little beast, you don't know how tall you are! Look at the stick. "

Ignorance of height means ignorance of depth in speaking or doing things.

Source: Feng Ming Menglong's Warning Records, Volume 23: "Na 'an's mother is a female Taoist family. I don't know how tall or how low she is, so she told the musician about it. "

I don't know if I want to compete.

Source: The third fold of the sea "Zhongshan Wolf": "Sir, thank you for saving me, but dare you say something I don't know?"

Don't know the importance, don't know whether things are important or not.

Source: "Lv Chunqiu Bensheng": "People in this world, confused people, mostly support things with sex, regardless of weight."

It doesn't matter if it's serious or not.

Source: Chen Qing Kang Qi's Tales of Lang Qian, Volume 5: "Pen paste is one of the methods of Manchuria's entry into the customs. Nowadays, there are all kinds of yamen, and the candidates are endless and regarded as insignificant. "

The inch-long wood of Cenlou is compared to the spire of a tall building. The original intention is that different starting points can't compare with high and low, and the metaphor must be the same weight. Later, it was also said that there was a big gap.

Source: "Mencius Gaozi Shang": "Finish it without taking its source, and the square inch of wood can make it higher than Cenlou."

Weighing the weight is two words.

Source: Feng Ming Menglong's Yu Shiming's Ci Volume 1: "Those who tell the truth and tell the truth are brilliant in the sun. It provoked the whole city to watch and some people cheered. "

Idle people: ordinary, ordinary. Ordinary people who are insignificant.

Source: Guan Zhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms: "Wei has Deng Ai, resourceful and not a leisurely generation."

Weigh, broadcast, broadcast: hold it in the palm of your hand to measure your weight. Metaphor is to care too much about small things.

Source: Master Wang Yuan's "The West Chamber" is the second fold: "No matter what people say, they are not afraid to weigh."

It is important to play two games. It is often used as a metaphor to judge advantages and disadvantages or to describe trivial matters.

Source: Chapter 44 of The Wizard of Oz: "At first, I just spit a few words in the room and outside the courtyard and sneered a few words to let Ruyu know."

The hair on the back of the abdomen is a metaphor for insignificant things.

Source: Biography of Han Poetry Volume VI: "The hair on the back and the shackles under the abdomen will not increase the height of a fly, but it will not increase the loss of a fly."

The metaphor of Hongmao Taidai differs greatly in weight. Both are "Mount Tai".

Source: Guo Moruo's "On War" (3): "After more than 46 years of death, a feather is too early to arrange."

Taishan metaphor has a great difference in weight.

Source: Han Sima Qian's Letter of Appointment: "People are inherently mortal, or they are heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather, so they are used differently."

Priority refers to all kinds of things with clear priorities, urgent things and things that can be done slowly.

Source: Qing Gu's "Rizhilu" Volume 7: "There was a piece in ancient times, and the sparrow mouse and the people had no two ambitions. Do they have a heart unless they believe in it? This is also a last resort between priorities. "

The first sound of the sword refers to onomatopoeia, which describes a small voice. Metaphor speech is insignificant. Both are "a slap in the face".

What are the common idioms with improper weight?

Love fur and oppose fur [à i má o fn qiú]: In ancient times, people wore fur clothes, with one side of fur facing outward. Metaphor does not pay attention to the root cause, and the weight is reversed.

Put the cart before the horse [b ě n m ò d à o zhi]: Metaphor reverses the position of primary and secondary importance.

Distract the host and guest [xu ā n b and nózh ǔ]:] Metaphorically, foreign or secondary things occupy the position of the original or main things.

I don't know the weight [bù zhī q ī ng zhī ng]: I don't know if things matter.

Weigh the weight, share the weight equally [diān jρn bτLiγng]: a metaphor for caring too much about small things.

(8) What are the wrong types of idioms commonly used in the questions?

First, it makes sense to read the text.

The meanings of idioms are conventional, many of which come from allusions, and some idioms also contain uncommon ancient meanings, which makes it more difficult for students to understand idioms. If students don't analyze the problem carefully in the process of doing the problem, they will easily make mistakes in reading the meaning of the text.

Example:

At the beginning of this year, the fresh milk market in Shanghai ignited a bonfire of competitive price reduction, and the sales price was even lower than the cost, which was the most suitable thing for consumers. Take chestnut from fire: being used, taking risks, suffering, but not benefiting. )

Second, there is no distinction between praise and criticism.

Some idioms are obviously praised or derogated, or praised or derogated. If they are praised or derogated, it is not appropriate. There seems nothing wrong with reading, but it is actually a trap!

Example:

At the debate, the contestants were angry at each other, and the wonderful and intense scenes won the applause from the audience. (glib: describe rhetoric and eloquence. With a derogatory feeling. )

Thirdly, semantic repetition.

Composition redundancy is a common language disease in language use, especially in the use of idioms. Although the meaning of idioms in sentences is correct, we should pay more attention to prevent repetition with other words in sentences, which is involved in college entrance examination questions in recent years.

Example:

Some middle school students' Chinese level is really poor, and they are laughed at generously, which affects the reputation of the school. Laugh generously: being laughed at by a generous family means "being". )

Fourth, take it out of context

Idioms have their specific meanings, and whether they are used properly depends on whether they conform to the context. If it is not in harmony with the context, it should not be used.

Example:

In some areas, for the sake of self-interest, the land is painted as a prison, local protectionism is practiced, and coal resources are artificially divided and controlled. Draw the ground as a prison: the metaphor is only allowed to move within a specified range, and it is taken out of context here. )

Five, improper weight

Some idioms have heavy meanings, while others have light meanings, which requires choosing idioms with moderate weight according to specific contexts, and avoiding using big words less or small words more.

Example:

In order to publish this album, he did not hesitate to give up his rest time. (there is no turning back: "morally, it is not allowed to retreat; You can only go forward. " Giving up rest time for publishing picture books has nothing to do with morality.

Six, the object dislocation

Every idiom has a corresponding user. If it is used regardless of the object, it will make a joke.

Example:

I saw the folding fans in the hands of the actors flashing quickly, and the lifelike drama masks were fleeting. Sichuan Opera's face-changing stunt won applause from the audience. (fleeting: it is easy to describe time or opportunity. )

Seven, moderate misuse

Some idioms are self-effacing and can only be used by themselves; Some idioms are honorifics and can only be used by others; If you can't distinguish correctly, it will lead to the dislocation of modesty and respect.

Example:

Director Zhang's words played a role in attracting jade, which led to many good suggestions to improve product quality. (Throw a brick to attract jade: Modesty is a metaphor for eliciting other people's brilliant and mature opinions with superficial and immature opinions. )

Eight, fixed collocation

Idioms form a relatively fixed collocation in use, and mistakes will be made without this collocation. (ungrammatical)

Example:

It is reported that the blind man did not take care of her through the back door. She ranked third in the American women's 1500m Olympic trials, and only she can compete with many athletes with unique vision. ) Its usage is mostly used in negative sentences. Many athletes with vision can't compare with her. It should be changed to "Many athletes with vision can't compare with (or" can't compare with ") her." )

Nine, ungrammatical

Idioms form a relatively fixed collocation in grammar, without which mistakes will be made.

Example:

We are all used to the sign of "penalty for offenders". (cliche: I don't feel strange when I get used to it. Generally, you can't take an object. )

X. formal proximity confusion

Some idioms are easy to be confused when used because of their similar sounds, shapes and meanings. The questioner specially looks for some very similar idioms to confuse everyone, so we must distinguish the meaning and usage of synonyms.

Example:

At present, the war of newspaper distribution is becoming more and more fierce. In order to attract readers, some newspapers deliberately fabricate some shocking news, and the result is often self-defeating. Horrible: I'm surprised to hear it, especially the bad things that have happened in society. This should be changed to "sensational". Sensational: Exaggerated or fabricated facts make people feel surprised or shocked. )

(9) Types of Idiom Errors

First, look at the text and be subjective and arbitrary. Second, confuse colors, praise and blame upside down. Third, the wrong person, Zhang Guan Dai Li. Fourth, the context is unknown and modesty and respect are misplaced. Fifth, the function is chaotic and the collocation is improper. 6. Out of habit, contrary to convention. Seven, the scope is unclear, improper weight. Eight, gild the lily, repeat before and after. Nine, the etymology is unknown, I don't know the original meaning.

⑽ Common types of mistakes in the use of idioms

First, it makes sense to read the text.

The meaning of idioms is conventional, and most of them have certain allusions. In addition, morphemes in some idioms also contain unusual ancient meanings, which makes it difficult to understand the meaning of idioms. If you don't carefully analyze the meaning of idioms, you will easily make mistakes in reading the meaning of idioms if you are careless and glance at them. For example:

(1) The large-scale dramas, operas and other performances in this theater are expensive, which makes many ordinary people with artistic hobbies and low incomes amazed and unable to enjoy the artistic feast in person.

(2) Last year, the total amount of e-commerce transactions in China was as high as 10 trillion yuan, of which the retail sales of online goods exceeded10.8 trillion yuan. With this achievement, China has become the country with the highest retail sales of online goods in the world.

In the sentence (1), "stunning" means "exclaim: admire; Observation: I saw the ending. It means to praise what you see to the extreme. " That sentence means that high ticket prices prevent people from coming to the scene in person, and it is more appropriate to use "flinch". In the second sentence, "do my duty" was originally a benevolent person, and it didn't mean to be humble. The latter refers to taking the initiative to do what should be done, without shirking.

Second, improper praise or criticism.

Idioms can be divided into three types: positive, neutral and derogatory. In the process of use, we must distinguish between commendatory words and derogatory words, otherwise it is easy to make mistakes in commendatory words or derogatory words. For example:

(1) In order to complete the national market layout, we started to act three years ago, especially in the formulation of marketing strategies.

(2) In this speech contest, all the contestants from grass-roots units performed well, eloquently and eloquently, which left a deep impression on everyone.

In the sentence (1), "deliberately" is generally used as an adverbial with a derogatory meaning, which refers to doing bad things with one heart, and is often misunderstood as "running out of energy". (2) The idiom "eloquent" describes rhetoric, eloquence and derogatory meaning in the sentence, and it is not appropriate to use it here.

Thirdly, semantic repetition.

Idioms are generally concise, and if used properly, they can achieve concise results. However, if we don't pay attention to the semantic contrast between idioms and sentences, it will easily lead to the repetition of the implied meaning of idioms and the contextual meaning of sentences. For example:

(1) On the speeding high-speed rail, people are talking about the speed and convenience brought by taking the high-speed rail.