How to transform rural toilets? Technical guide for renovation of rural household toilets

What are the transformation modes of harmless toilets in rural areas?

Answer: According to the current national standard GB 19379-20 12, there are six modes of harmless household toilets in rural areas: three-room septic tank, double-urn funnel, manure and urine diversity, three-way biogas digester, alternate use of double pits, and complete flushing of upper and lower sewers.

At present, the three-compartment septic tank advocated by the state is the most harmless, and it is also conducive to the acceptance of standards.

What is the material and price of the three-compartment septic tank?

Answer: There are three main materials for the assembled three-chamber septic tank: plastic tank, glass tank and cement tank.

1, plastic cylinder features: the material composition is mainly polyethylene and polypropylene copolymer. Plastic materials become brittle and easy to break after two years and need to be replaced after three to five years. The cost of plastic tube is low, and the general price is 300-700 yuan.

However, it is easy to cause repeated investment, waste of people and money, and even tofu dregs projects. The plastic tube cannot pass the acceptance because its thickness is less than 7 mm

If you can't pass the acceptance, you can't enjoy the financial subsidies of provinces and cities.

2. Features of the glass water tank: strong corrosion resistance, good compression resistance, low temperature resistance and impermeability, and its service life is over 50 years. It is the best material for three-compartment septic tanks, and it is the easiest to pass the acceptance of superiors. The disadvantage is that the cost is higher, generally above 1000 yuan.

3. Characteristics of cement ponds: Due to the different qualities and technologies of farmers, it is difficult to unify the quality standards and finish them on time. The disinfection degree of manure and urine is low, so it is difficult to pass the acceptance according to the acceptance standard, and the cost is higher than that of assembly.

Why do farmers' toilet sewage and urinal manure have to be separated and cannot be discharged into three septic tanks?

Answer: According to the time required for the decomposition and harmlessness of feces, it is necessary to ensure that the storage and fermentation time of feces in the pool is 60 days.

Among them, the first pool is stored for 20 days, the second pool is stored for 10 days and the third pool is stored for 30 days.

According to the amount of urine and feces per person per day is 1.5L, the water consumption can be calculated as 4L. If each household is calculated by 3-5 people, the volume of the first and second cylinders should not be less than 660L L. Together with the volume of the third tank, the volume of the third septic tank should not be less than1.5m. In principle, the volume ratio of the first, second and third tanks is 2: 1:3.

Because the organic matter in domestic sewage is much more than that in urinal manure water, the purpose of separating domestic sewage from urinal manure water is to improve the treatment effect of manure sewage and reduce the volume of septic tank. Septic tank not only plays a role in precipitating sewage, but also plays a role in decomposing organic matter by anaerobic bacteria.

If the domestic sewage in farmers' toilets and urinal manure are not separated, the three-compartment septic tank will not reach the time required for harmless treatment and will not play a role in harmless treatment.

Before construction, the diversion planning and design of fecal sewage and other domestic sewage should be done well.

When bathing, laundry and toilet rooms are integrated, the squatting position should be higher than the ground, and the ground surface is inclined in the opposite direction to the squatting position, and a drainage floor drain or drain is set at the lowest position to ensure that domestic sewage does not flow into the squatting position (pool) and ensure the harmless treatment effect of septic tanks.

What are the requirements for the construction and renovation of large-scale three-format septic tanks built by many farmers?

Answer: The principle of the big three-format septic tank is the same as that of the three-format septic tank. Farmers only need to build a small septic tank outside the toilet house (convenient for maintenance), and then connect it to the big three septic tank through pipes for unified treatment.

In places with concentrated residence, high population density and tight land, the model of 3-5 households can be implemented.

Specific requirements for septic tanks with three formats:

▲ No less than 1.2 cubic meters for 3-5 households, and no less than 6 cubic meters for septic tanks connected to 5 households;

Bring more than 5 households not less than 1.0 cubic meters, 50 households connected, septic tank volume not less than 50 cubic meters;

▲ Three cells can be constructed in equal proportion, and the volume ratio of the first, second and third cells is 2:1:3;

▲ The dung pipe should be installed in the wrong position;

▲ For 3-5 households, it is advisable to use a dung pipe with an inner diameter of 150 mm;

Bring more than 5 households, should be installed side by side two or more root with an inner diameter of 100 mm or 150 mm;

▲ The lower edge of the dung pipe should be cut into an inclined plane to increase the dung area; The pool depth should be greater than1.2m;

▲ Constructed wetlands can be built.

What if there is no running water in some places?

A: Farmers without running water can use well water to flush toilets or carry water to flush toilets.

How to solve the problem of fertilization in farmland vegetable fields after the removal of dry toilets?

Answer: After the discharged manure is treated by the three-chamber harmless septic tank (the third chamber), the fertilizer efficiency and quality are higher, and it can be directly used for fertilizing farmland and vegetable fields.

The location of toilets and septic tanks in rural harmless sanitary households?

Answer: The toilet location of rural harmless sanitary households should be suitable, which not only meets the sanitary requirements, but also is convenient to use.

In areas where conditions permit, the toilets of harmless sanitary households should be put into the hospital, and it is recommended to enter the room in combination with the actual situation, and it is located in the downwind direction of the living room and kitchen.

Effluent from septic tanks is strictly prohibited to be directly discharged into rainwater pipes, water bodies and other places.

The distance between septic tank and toilet should not be more than 3 meters, so as to ensure that the dung inlet pipe is short and straight and the dung liquid flows smoothly.

The manure inlet of septic tank should be built outside the building foundation or wall to facilitate cleaning.

When there is no suitable septic tank burial space outside the hospital, the septic tank can be buried in a place where there are no villagers' activities in the hospital according to the actual situation, and warning signs should be set up to prevent children from playing and falling.

Toilet house construction problem?

Answer: The usable floor area of the toilet building should not be less than 1.2_, and the height should not be less than 2.3m.

Eight points for attention in correct use of three-room septic tank

▲ Septic tanks can only be put into use after no leakage is confirmed.

▲ The inspection port, cleaning port and cleaning cover of the three-dimensional pool shall not be buried underground, and shall be 10CM higher than the ground to prevent rainwater from flowing backwards for timely observation and cleaning.

▲ It is forbidden to directly use the dung skin and dung residue removed by Huagong Pool, and high-temperature compost should be used for harmless treatment before use.

▲ The manure should be removed in the third compartment of septic tank in time, and the removed manure should be used for vegetable fields, orchards and fields.

▲ If the septic tank leaks or is damaged, it needs to be repaired in time. At ordinary times, it is necessary to cover each mouth tightly and clean up the dung residue and dung liquid in time.

▲ Bath water, laundry water and kitchen sewage shall not be discharged into septic tanks.

▲ It is strictly forbidden to directly discharge the effluent from septic tanks into roads, rainwater ditches, ditches and other polluted water bodies. Can be discharged into the sewage pipe network or transported by a collection vehicle.

▲ Warning signs should be set at septic tanks. No fireworks. Be safe.