What are the ways to distinguish idioms?

First of all, start with keywords, which are an integral part of idioms. Idioms are composed of words, and some idioms often have keywords. If you understand the meaning of key words, the whole idiom is not easy to make mistakes. For example, the words "Niannian" and "Pearl Krabs" have the same structure and similar appearance, and both have the meaning of "talking nonstop". If we analyze from two key words, we will find their differences: "Niannian" is to recite (ready-made words) like chanting; "Zhen" means "the manifestation of righteousness", and the whole idiom describes self-righteousness and is full of arguments. In the following sentence, the word "mumbling" should be changed to "plausible": after everyone explained it to him for a long time, he still said vaguely, "I still have to reserve my opinion anyway."

Second, from the source of idioms. Idioms mainly come from the following aspects:

(1) Ancient fables. Such as "Waiting for the Rabbit" and "gilding the lily".

(2) Historical stories. Such as "Return to Zhao in Perfect Condition" and "Snow at the Door".

(3) Ancient poetry. Such as "shine on you" and "get to the bottom".

(4) Spoken language of past dynasties. Such as "looking for a needle in a haystack" and "daring".

(5) New coinage. Such as "how fast and how many provinces" and "innovation".

Although idioms are composed of words, only some idioms can be translated literally. For some idioms summarized from stories or sentences in ancient books, we must understand their sources and specific meanings in order to correctly understand their overall meanings. For example, "worrying about the sky" and "sitting on a well and watching the sky". The former comes from such a fable: During the Zhou Dynasty, there was a man in the State of Qi who was always afraid that the sky would fall and had nowhere to hide, and he didn't even have the heart to eat or sleep. Later, I used the metaphor of "worrying too much" to describe unnecessary worry. And "Looking at the sky on the well" comes from an article by Han Yu, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty. The original way: "Looking at the sky on the well is not a small day." Used to describe narrow vision and limited knowledge. If you don't know the origin of these two idioms, it is easy to make mistakes. The following sentence should be changed to "look up to the sky": Li Ming said to his mother, "You don't trust people when they are so big, you don't trust them. It' s really sitting in the well. "

Third, start with the emotional color of idioms. Idioms, like general words, are divided into affirmation, negation and neutrality. Many idioms with similar meanings can be distinguished from the colors of praise and criticism. Such as "happy face" and "happy heart". Both idioms have the meaning of "laughing happily", but their emotional colors are different: "hippie smile" is a serious and inappropriate smile with derogatory meaning; "Smile" is a compliment, which is used to describe a happy heart and a bright smile. The word "playful raillery" in the following sentence should be changed to "happy" or "happy": Hearing the news that China women's volleyball team won the world championship, all the students were playful and cheerful.

Fourth, start with the semantic weight of idioms. For example, "volunteer" and "stand up". Both idioms have the meaning of "take the initiative to come out (undertake the task)", but the semantic weight is different: "volunteer" is just "put forward", while "stand up" is already "stand up"; "Volunteering" is only an action under general conditions, while "coming forward" refers to an action under the condition of "critical situation, difficulty or harsh environment and great responsibility", so "coming forward" is more important than "volunteering". The word "come forward" in the following sentence should be changed to "volunteer": When cleaning the task in the morning, Li Ming came forward and was willing to clean the toilet.

Fifth, start with the applicable object and scope of idioms. Such as "vibrant" and "energetic". There is only one word difference between these two idioms, both of which mean "full of vitality", but the object and scope of application are different: "full of vitality" can not be used to describe people, but "full of vitality" can. The word "vigorous" in the following sentence should be changed to "full of energy": our children are full of energy and full of confidence in the future.

Sixth, start with the collocation habits of idioms and other words. In the process of long-term use, some idioms have formed their own usage habits. If you violate these habits, it will sound uncomfortable. Such as "going through fire and water" and "giving up life and forgetting death". Both idioms have the meaning of "not avoiding difficulties and obstacles, regardless of personal safety", but they are different in collocation habits: "going through fire and water" is often used with "diligent" and "willing to contribute", but "giving up life and forgetting death" is not so used; "Go through fire and water" is often used after "don't hesitate", "don't be afraid" and "dare", but "give up your life and forget to die" is not so used. "risk one's life and death" is often used as an adverbial, but "go through fire and water" is not so used. The following sentence "risking my life" should be changed to "going through fire and water": I will risk my life to get out of danger for the villagers safely.

Reflections on language discrimination:

First, emotional color

: Exodus These young scientists are determined to overcome many difficulties with all their courage. ×

Do everything: there is nothing wrong with not doing it. (derogatory)

1. Hundreds of policemen in our city rushed out, and after several nights, they finally arrested the suspect in this shooting. ×

Rush out: deploy all your strength. (derogatory)

When the news of Beijing's successful bid for the Olympic Games came, Tiananmen Square was full of joy, and people were celebrating this exciting event. ×

Celebrate each other by playing the crown: when a person becomes an official, his associates also celebrate each other, and there will be officials to do it. (derogatory)

These days, because I didn't finish my task well, I have been bitter and deeply disappointed with the people's entrustment. ×

Worry: I have something lingering in my mind. Generally speaking, it means to be indignant inside. (derogatory)

The police are deeply moved by the crime of destroying public facilities and are determined to crack down on these criminals. ×

Thrilling: articles, music, etc. Very touching. (like)

In order to meet the challenges brought by China's entry into WTO, the service industry is facing the market, constantly reforming, and making great efforts to diversify its services, so that consumers like crucian carp come across the river in droves, greatly increasing the benefits. ×

Crucian carp crossing the river: many people follow the fashion. (derogatory)

6. It is reported that the Chinese textbook for senior high school, which has been used for 20 years, will be completely changed and replaced by two new textbooks, and the reform of Chinese textbook for senior high school has finally taken a step forward. ×

Make a makeover: only change the form, not the content. (derogatory)

7. The continuous depreciation of the yen, accompanied by an overwhelming downward trend, has made the Asian economy, which has been hit hard by the financial crisis, worse. ×

Overwhelming: victory after victory, no obstacles. (like)

8. In order to write this article well, Liu Jiaoshou spent a lot of time and energy searching for documents and made thousands of cards. ×

Search for chapters and sentences: when reading, only take notes of beautiful words and sentences, and don't study in depth; Writing piles up ready-made words and phrases, lacking creativity. (derogatory)

9. To attract investment, we should seek truth from facts, and we should not talk nonsense, let alone lie, otherwise it will not only be difficult to attract investment, but also damage the image of a local government. X eloquence: eloquent and eloquent. (like)

Change "nonsense" (derogatory)

10. Under the fluctuation of global stock market, it is inevitable to cut interest rates in order to strengthen the US dollar. X inevitable: refers to bad things.

1 1. Dalian Wanda defeated Posco. Coincidentally, Luneng Taishan also defeated modern dinosaurs. ×

Coincidentally: although rare, there is more than one, and one can be paired. (derogatory)

12. Although the hot summer has long passed, the infighting between Teleron monitor and Diamondtron monitor is still in full swing. ××

In full swing: huge momentum and high enthusiasm. (like)

13. Only when our party member cadres are honest and diligent, and take the lead in setting an example, can they play their role and make the whole social atmosphere better.

Upward effect: demotion means doing bad things.

Second, partial repetition.

Exodus: The US Secretary of State's trip to the Middle East has not fundamentally solved the contradiction between the United States and Iran, and the situation in the Gulf region will not be solved once and for all.

Once and for all: try hard once, do things well, and then don't bother. "Once and for all" and "From now on" are repeated.

1. He is a helpful young man, but sometimes he feels helpless because he lacks some abilities. ×

Helpless: I am willing to help, but I can't. Can't "feel"

2. The other party is deliberately evasive in an attempt to reduce the guilt. ×

Evasive: To speak hesitantly. Repeat the "say" part.

Third, the meaning is improper.

Example: Germany launched a submarine war in World War II, so using underwater acoustic equipment to find submarines became the first problem to be solved by the Allies. ×

Bear the brunt: the first to be attacked or suffered a disaster. Change the "first priority"

1. If you want him to know the taste of pears, please come to the jar and let him taste the taste of pears. ×

Please go to the urn: punish yourself the way others punish others.

2. Originally, this good article was revised by you, but it was no three no four. √

No, no, no, no, no, no, no,no.. The latter is used here.

Just as his career entered the fast lane, he had a sudden cerebral hemorrhage and was paralyzed in bed, which was a narrow escape. √

Close call: survived.

4. The bid for "4.“20 10/0 World Expo" was settled, and China and Shanghai won the right to host it. √

The dust settles: things have endings and results.

In the debate, the debaters spoke freely, which not only showed rigorous and profound thinking, but also showed rich cultural heritage. ×

Open the way: try to create conditions for subordinates and the masses to express their opinions.

6. In recent days, we visited four schools, which is just a glimpse of a leopard in a tube. It can't be said that we have fully grasped the situation of promoting quality education in all schools in the city. √

Peeking at a leopard in a tube: I only saw a small part of things.

7. The sounds of wind and rain, water and waves, animals and birds, and even the sounds of flowers blooming and falling in nature all have certain cadences. √

Cadence: The ups and downs and pauses of sound.

8. The living conditions of geological exploration team members are very difficult, but they are not taken seriously. They are bent on their work and want to find rich mineral deposits for the country. ×

Disapprove: Disagree (including contempt) if you think it is wrong.

Change "it doesn't matter": if you don't take it to heart, it means that you don't take it seriously.

Some comrades are indifferent to some small mistakes in their work, thinking that this is only one of ten fingers and has nothing to do with the overall situation.

"If you look for a job before graduation, will anyone still want you?" Xiaoli said disapprovingly, "What's strange about this?"

9. This experiment is about to succeed, so we must stick to it and never slack off. It would be a pity if we can't reach it. √

Short of success: a great event only needs the last bit of manpower and material resources and cannot be successful. (including regret)

10. I really feel the same way when I listen to grandpa's story about his sufferings in the old society. ×

Empathy: gratitude is like accepting it in person (kindness). Often used instead of others to express gratitude. It also refers to the trouble brought to people, and I can feel it myself.

1 1. Some unscrupulous traders deliberately hoard cotton in order to raise the price and prepare to sell it at a good price. √

Sell a good price: sell a good price. It also refers to the lack of talents.

After the "12.9 1 1" incident, the American economy became worse and the global economic growth continued to decline. How to plan ahead, you should have your own vision and planning. √ Take precautions: make preparations in advance.

13. Although this newsletter was well written, it was not reported in time and has become a thing of the past. √

Tomorrow's yellow flower: a report that has lost its news value or something that has lost its timeliness.

14. Since entering the third year of senior high school, Ding has always studied until about two o'clock in the morning at night, and has never rested and entertained on holidays. His spirit is commendable, and his practice is not enough for training. √

Not trained enough: not worthy of being a model or a rule.

This little mistake is not enough for training. Don't always keep it in mind. You can't do a good job if you are timid. ×

15. On the stage of Peking Opera, four walk-on performers appeared ... They casually touched each other's swords and guns and shouted, indicating that they had fought a battle. This is unreasonable for foreigners. ×

Unreasonable: you can't explain it clearly with reason. Describe ignorance or arrogance, unreasonable.

Change to "incredible": unimaginable and incomprehensible.

An American man repeatedly roughed up in China, and recently beat a female driver to death on a bus. For this incredible foreign hooligan, we must pay in hell according to the laws of China. X change "unreasonable"

16. In a busy city, you will feel uncomfortable when you see beggars begging along the street. ×

The road is blue: it is difficult to start a business. Change it to "rags"

17. Due to the lack of job awareness and sense of responsibility, these cadres don't care about the lives of ordinary people at all. In their eyes, the consciousness of ordinary people is like a rag without money. ×

Penniless: Not a penny. Transform poverty into "nothing"

18. This time, I can successfully complete the task assigned by the leader. Reflecting on myself and relying on the collective strength is the most important thing for me. ×

Self-examination: Go back and check your mistakes.

19. Improving students' quality in an all-round way and reducing their burden caused an uproar in the society, and the news media also reported the news one after another. ×

Noisy: A metaphor for a big argument or commotion.

In order to control water pollution, more than a dozen paper mills with serious pollution have been banned in this area according to law. For a time, Luoyang paper was expensive, and large paper users snapped it up. ×

Luoyang Paper Expensive: The works are widely circulated and popular for a while.

2 1. You can say that Wang Hai's motives for making fakes are not noble, but after all, what he has done can make counterfeiters feel like a thorn in their back. ×

The bone is in the throat: I have something to say in my heart, which is very uncomfortable.

22. It complements the environmental style. Last year's Wuhan environmental report was also very distinctive. √

Complementarity: mutual help and complementarity can show more benefits.

At the beginning of accepting bribes, corrupt officials paid attention and hid half a face behind the guitar from us. ×

Have a lingering fear: fear after danger

24. The escalating Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the turbulent situation in the Middle East have kept many tourists and investors away. ×

Stay out of it: give in to others instead of fighting with them.

25. With the approach of the 16th National Congress, more than 400 staff of CCTV are ready to broadcast many important activities at any time. Get ready for battle: prepare for the incoming enemy.

26. On the issue of building a missile defense system, the United States and Germany are at the forefront, but US President Bush said, "Even if we have differences, we can still keep friends." X both ends of the first mouse: hesitation.

The meaning of disagreement should be explained here.

Fourth, style and color.

Exodus: You just moved to a new house. I suggest you hang an oil painting, which will definitely brighten your room. ×

Brilliance: Modesty means that you are honored, because others come to your home or hang the calligraphy and painting that others gave you.

1. When we graduated from junior high school, the pen you gave me was not very beautiful, but it worked well. I have kept it for so many years. ×

Take care of yourself: cherish your own things very much. (Modesty)

You can't refer to what others send you.

Don't worry, your difficulty is also my difficulty. I will definitely help you if you encounter any obstacles in your work or life in the future. ×

Give full help: pay tribute and use it on others. Change it to "help with all your strength"

Teacher, I can only thank you for your kindness, because I have self-knowledge. I am an ordinary student, but I am really incompetent as a monitor. √

Insensitive: Kind words that refuse to do something. (Modesty)

Verb (abbreviation of verb) The range of words (sentence object)

For example, there are many hard-working models among the ancients, such as those who are eager to learn, those who are eager to learn, and those who smell chickens dancing. History is full of sweat. ×

Rich: describes a large collection of books.

1. An extreme view is that at present, literature is depressed, music is deserted, drama can't go on, and short plays stink, but film and television have become mainstream consumer goods. ×

Popular expectation: someone is trusted by everyone and wants him to accept a job. (The object of the statement should be a person)

2. "Long Qiu is difficult to write, and life is empty if you don't come to Yandang Mountain." Visiting Dalong Waterfall in Yandang Mountain really makes people feel tired of seeing it and don't want to leave. ×

Enjoy it: describe being immersed in something.

3. Xiao Li's articles in the editorial department are clear in organization, rigorous in structure and appropriate in words, which really amazes readers. ×

Sparse but not leak: although the legal net is wide, it will never leak a person who does evil.

At the quality education seminar, the personal opinions of teachers and students on morality, knowledge and ability are endless. ×

An endless stream: (people, cars, horses, boats) one after another.

Chen's vivid performance in the TV series Kangxi Dynasty deeply attracted people. ×

Vivid: Vivid description and narration.

During the Spring Festival, Wangfujing Street was full of people playing and shopping, and it was very lively until dark. ×

Endless: the sound is subtle and long, or the situation is critical. It can be changed to "an endless stream"

7. From Zhengzhou to Tibet, it is a long way, with high mountains and high waters, so it is not easy to travel by bike. ×

The mountain is high and the water is long: people's character is noble and noble, which has far-reaching influence.

8. In order to watch the Lantern Festival, people went out of their homes one after another, and the yard at home was already empty. ×

Ten rooms and nine empty rooms: people go bankrupt and go into exile because of famine, war or tyranny. Can change the "empty streets"

9. After the rectification of school teaching order, the abnormal teacher-student relationship should be changed. ×

Change the route: reform the system and change the method.

10. The editor of the newspaper said: In order to facilitate people to follow the map and not miss every wonderful moment, the newspaper specially published the time when players played. ×

Follow the map: look for clues; Deal with things mechanically and stiffly (contemptuously)

1 1. China table tennis players beat Sweden 3-2 to win the championship in the men's team final of the 43rd World Table Tennis Championships. The deafening cheers in the gymnasium drowned out the thunder and rain outside. ×

Wake up the deaf: wake up the confused people with words. Change it to "deafening": it's loud.

12. There are superior natural conditions and diligent leadership, and the people live and work in peace and contentment. ×

Live and work in peace and contentment: live and work in peace and contentment.

The object of the statement should be "people" rather than "life"

13. The quality of the participating singers is mixed, which really surprised the audience in front of the TV when they passed the "culture" barrier. ×

Good guys and bad guys: there are both good guys and bad guys. (only refers to people's quality) Quality and level can be "uneven"

14. On the eve of the Spring Festival, the laid-off workers sitting in the spring breeze were deeply moved by the activities of the Party and the government in send warm.

×

For example, sitting in the spring breeze: a metaphor for being well educated and influenced.

15. We should master advanced science and technology, make love in the sky and let nature do whatever it wants. ×

Sex: playing tricks and being willful. Change it to "call the wind and rain"

16. The rolling mountains are next to each other, row upon row, extending into the distance and disappearing into the confused twilight. ×

Row upon row: describe the dense houses.

17. I received a letter from abroad, and the stamps on it spread like wildfire. I don't know which stamp collector tore it off ×

Describe (news, etc). ) spread quickly.

Changed to "missing": news and speech spread quickly; Things suddenly disappeared. The latter is used here.

18. This trade fair has gathered all kinds of new products from all over the country, and it is really a sea of everything in Wang Yang. ×

Vast: the literature is very rich.

19. After retiring last year, Master Wang cleaned the roads in the community every day and helped the neighbors pick up the children. It can be seen that he is an old comrade in his prime. × prime of life: young and energetic.

Four thieves who committed the same crime on the traffic line were caught by the public security personnel who arrived in time when they were sitting on the ground sharing stolen goods. ×

Sit on the ground and share the stolen goods: (gang leader, nest owner, etc. ) share stolen goods, not steal them yourself.

2 1. After I fall in love with martial arts novels, sometimes I can't help turning over two pages in class. In the long run, my grades began to decline. ×

In the long run: forever. (mostly bad situations) (state the future state more)

In order to cultivate a healthy financial market, it is necessary to establish a set of operable laws and regulations, so as to effectively crack down on "money dealers" who have sex in the financial market. √ Sex: willful or controlling.

Intransitive verb style

Example: Chengdu Wuniu Club's abundant financial resources make other teams look like their opponents. ×

Look at the back: if you see the back, you will catch up. Often used in negative sentences

1. This joke is very powerful, because it satirizes the "relevant officials" who were indifferent to the people's sufferings in old China, so it has spread widely among the people and is almost a household name. ×

Indifference: Cold indifference. No object

As a famous minister, Zhuge Liang devoted himself to the economy and won wide admiration from later generations. ×

Harmony: Qi Xin works together to overcome difficulties.

Seven, the degree of words.

Example:

1. Every time human beings destroy nature, they get corresponding revenge. The threat of "environmental" pollution is no less than that of World War III, and it must not be taken as a child's play. ×

Treat things like children playing games. Metaphor is not serious, not serious.

If the degree is too heavy, it can be changed to "take it for granted": treat it as a normal thing and ignore it.

2. Once the new competitive situation comes, the international publishing industry will enter on a large scale, and the cost of talent competition will increase. At that time, it will be too late. ×

Lin Yuanxian-woo: It's useless to have only desire and no effort.

The degree is too light, and the meaning used here is "when the time comes"

Although the visit in Pudong was superficial, it left a deep impression. ×

A glimpse: the metaphor is not profound. (result)

Change "rough observation": roughly observe things. (process)

Easily misunderstood idioms:

Helpless: sympathy is powerless. A hundred years of cultivating people: training talents is a long-term plan and requires hard work.

Reckless thing: destroy all kinds of creatures at will. Wide knowledge, strong knowledge: wide knowledge and strong memory. (zhì)

Relocation: settle down in your hometown and don't want to move anywhere casually. Unable to control oneself: unable to control one's feelings.

No learning and no skills: neither learning nor ability. Lao Yan's departure: a metaphor for a person's departure.

Look at words and deeds: observe each other's expressions and find out their true intentions. Opponents: equal and opposite.

Turn a deaf ear: stop listening. Describe not wanting to listen to other people's opinions. Punishment is not a crime: the punishment is too light.

Scattered and organized: the arrangement of things is uneven and interesting. Offense without learning: it doesn't matter if you offend.

Conflict with others: protect those who agree with you and attack those who disagree with you.

Show off one's merits and talents. A strategically located building: commanding and unstoppable.

Solid as gold: the fortifications are very strong and not easy to break. Shame: endure shame.

Brainstorm ideas: brainstorm ideas and extensively absorb useful opinions. Not bad at all: not bad at all.

Accumulated destruction sells bones: people's constant slander can kill people. Secrecy: Keep it tight.

Flashy: only flowers and no fruit. The metaphor is beautiful and the content is empty.

Protracted: it takes time and delays for a long time.

Day worker: You can count the days to calculate the progress. Describe success in a short time. Meet unexpectedly: meet unexpectedly without prior agreement.

Concrete and subtle: the content is generally available but the shape or scale is small. Loneliness: Living alone without company.

Zhong Ling Yu Xiu: Beautiful mountains and rivers and talented people.

Can't agree: can't reach a consistent conclusion.

Disrespect for others: It is disrespectful to refuse gifts or invitations from others. Sit still: A serious or reserved attitude.

Overmanned: the number of people exceeds the needs of work; Few things and many people. Practice: Experience for yourself and practice hard.

For personal use: opinionated and self-righteous. Nothing: describe poverty.

Different roads lead to the same goal: take different methods and get the same result. I deserve to die: this is a terrible crime.

Hide your talents and abilities so as not to be exposed.

There is no room for punishment: the crime is heinous and the death penalty cannot be compensated.

Concise: implicit language, profound truth. Take the lead in setting an example: first disclose your overwhelming momentum.

Dwarf: To become short compared with others or similar things. Never tire of learning: eager to learn and make progress. (satisfied)

Hell pay: severe punishment, no forgiveness. Too lazy to say: articles, speeches, etc. Concise and to the point.

With a wave of his hand, calligraphy and painting describing poetry will be written and drawn soon. Penniless: extremely poor. (possession)

Alfred Chung-soo: Because of the bad environment, we can't accomplish anything.

Love at first sight: When we first met, we were like old friends.

I don't know what to say: the language is empty and disorderly. There is a reason to compare news with legends.

Vivid: Very vivid.

Vivid: Narrative and description are vivid and lifelike.

Vivid: A person or thing vividly described or imitated: described or imitated very well, very vividly.