Where is drinking harmful to health?

Stomach. In our daily life, we often drink beer, wine and white wine. The source, brewing technology and alcohol content of all kinds of wines are different. Alcohol usually refers to the percentage of alcohol content in wine (by volume), such as Beijing beer with 5.4% alcohol and wine with about11-kloc-0/6% alcohol, which is usually called11-kloc-0/6%.

Article 7 of the Dietary Guidelines for China Residents is "Those who drink alcohol should be limited", and there is a paragraph explaining the harm of excessive drinking. Drinking a small amount of low-alcohol wine is not necessarily harmful, but drinking too much or even drinking too much is definitely harmful. So what can I drink? How to limit alcohol consumption?

A large number of data in epidemiological studies show that if the daily alcohol consumption does not exceed 24 grams of ethanol, which is equivalent to 540 ml of beer, 200 ml of fruit wine and 60 ml of 40-degree liquor, the risk will be reduced.

Long-term drinking will lead to a variety of nutrient deficiencies in the body. Wine is one of the foods with pure heat energy. Can be decomposed in the body to produce energy. However, it does not contain any nutrients. Excessive drinking first reduces the intake of other foods containing many important nutrients (such as protein, vitamins and minerals). Secondly, it can reduce appetite, reduce food intake, and damage intestinal mucosa for a long time, affecting intestinal absorption of nutrients, which can lead to a variety of nutritional deficiencies.

The alcohol in wine has a direct toxic effect on the tissues and organs of the body, and the organ most sensitive to alcohol is the liver. Excessive drinking will damage liver cells and interfere with the normal metabolism of the liver, which will lead to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Excessive drinking affects fat metabolism. Ethanol slows down the oxidation of fatty acids, which may be beneficial to the storage of dietary lipids, increase the synthesis of liver fat, increase the content of triglycerides in serum and increase the possibility of triglycerides.

In addition, population epidemiological studies show that long-term excessive drinking will increase the risk of hypertension and stroke. Alcoholism can also lead to violent accidents and endanger personal health and social security.

Recently, people often talk about the beneficial effects of fruit wine. A report in France found that the incidence of coronary heart disease in some drinking areas is lower than that in other areas. However, the reduction of the risk of heart disease cannot be attributed to some ingredients in red wine, because in areas with high consumption of French red wine, vegetables and fruits are also consumed more, and their antioxidant capacity is higher. These data show that the lifestyle of people who drink fruit wine (such as less smoking and high consumption of vegetables and fruits) leads to a decrease in the risk of cardiovascular disease.

To sum up, drinking alcohol has advantages and disadvantages to human health. Drinking a small amount of low-alcohol wine has certain benefits, but drinking a large amount for a long time is harmful. Especially teenagers and pregnant women. Teenagers are in the stage of growth and development and are more sensitive to the harm of alcohol. So teenagers can't drink. The harm of alcohol to pregnant women affects fetal development and even induces fetal congenital malformation, so pregnant women are absolutely forbidden to drink alcohol.

Excessive drinking: the harm is not shallow

Although "no wine, no table", at the same time, wine is also "intestinal toxicity", and excessive drinking brings a lot of harm. Every year, I don't know how many people have accidents because of drinking, how many people have ruined their lives, and how much health has disappeared between bottles and cans.

Heartbreaking, excessive drinking breeds tragedy.

According to a statistical data of Peking University Institute of Mental Health, the number of drinkers in China has been on the rise in recent years. At present, the drinking rates of men and women in China are 84. 1% and 29.3% respectively, of which men 16. 1% and women 2.5% drink alcohol every day. 1982, the incidence of alcohol dependence in China was only 0. 16‰, which was more than three times that of 1990, and the alcoholics were younger and the proportion of women was increasing.

According to a set of data from the World Health Organization, the mortality and morbidity caused by alcohol are the sum of measles and malaria, which is also higher than that caused by smoking. In China, 1 14 100 people die of alcoholism every year, accounting for1.3% of the total mortality; 2.737 million people are disabled, accounting for 3.0% of the total disability rate.

Speaking of the tragedy caused by drinking, Professor Qu Yao, director of Shanghai Hepatology Research Center, told the reporter a story: A middle-aged patient with acute icteric hepatitis just returned to normal was discharged from the hospital, which coincided with the continuous wedding banquets during the Spring Festival. At first, he could still remember the doctor's repeated instructions when he was discharged from the hospital, and he didn't touch a drop of wine, no matter who advised him. But at a special dinner table, a close friend asked him what he smelled. He finally couldn't resist the temptation of Maotai, thinking that he would be fine if he only drank a small cup and tasted something new! But the day after drinking this cup of wine, he found that his urine was yellow, weak and disgusting ... It was this cup of wine that caused his hepatitis to recur and quickly developed into acute severe hepatitis, and eventually he lost his life because of ineffective rescue.

Excessive drinking has not only led to countless tragic events, but also seriously affected the image of individuals and even countries. Former Russian President Yeltsin is one of them.

It is said that one day in September, 1994, Yeltsin, then Russian President, flew back to Moscow from Washington and was scheduled to have a 40-minute meeting with Irish Prime Minister Reynolds. The day before he left Washington, US President Bill Clinton hosted a banquet for him. Although there is no wine on the table, there is everything in it. Yeltsin only ate a small piece of meat, but raised his glasses frequently, and the cups bottomed out. After the wine reached the top, Yeltsin talked a lot, saying a lot of rude words and "three-level jokes." The translator racked his brains to "purify" the dirty words he said. When the plane approached the Shannon airport, Yeltsin woke up, and his wife handed him a shirt, but his buttoned hand never listened. The accompanying officials saw something bad. After some discussion, they decided to let the Deputy Prime Minister have a brief meeting with Reynolds on behalf of the President. When the Vice Premier got off the plane, Yeltsin said to the accompanying officials in tears, "What you did made me lose face in front of the whole world." .

Excessive drinking is harmful to health.

"If you drink too much, it is the liver that hurts the most." Professor Qu Yao pointed out: "The core chemical of wine is alcohol (namely ethanol), and drunkenness is actually alcoholism. Because more than 90% of alcohol enters the body through the liver, its metabolites and the metabolic disorder of hepatocytes caused by them are the main causes of alcoholic liver injury. According to research, normal people drink 40 grams to 80 grams a day on average, and alcoholic liver disease can occur in 10 years, such as cirrhosis in 160 grams a day and 8 ~ 10 years on average. What a sensational figure! "

Professor Li Youming, vice president of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, told the reporter that he led a scientific research team to make a survey on the alcohol intake of 20,000 people in urban and rural areas of Zhejiang Province. The results show that the prevalence rate of alcoholic liver disease in this population is 4.34%, and 48% of people who drink more than 40 grams a day for more than five years will suffer from alcoholic liver disease in different degrees. Alcoholic liver disease basically occurs in drinkers who have been drinking for more than 5 years and their total alcohol intake exceeds 100 kg.

Studies have shown that excessive drinking is more than twice as high as non-excessive drinking, the incidence of thyroid cancer increases by 30% ~ 150%, and the incidence of skin cancer increases by 20% ~ 70%. The risk of breast cancer in women increases by 20% ~ 60%. Among patients with esophageal cancer, 60% drink excessively, and only 2% don't drink. Patients with hepatitis B are at greater risk of liver cancer. If they drink alcohol or drink too much, the incidence of liver cancer will increase greatly.

In addition, excessive drinking will also have adverse effects on other parts of the body:

Drinking more alcohol in the brain has serious damage to memory, attention, judgment, function and emotional response. Drinking too much can lead to slurred speech, blurred vision and loss of balance.

Alcohol in reproductive organs will reduce the sperm quality of men; For pregnant women, even a small amount of alcohol will increase the risk of physical defects of unborn babies.

People who drink a lot of alcohol in the heart will develop cardiomyopathy, which can lead to the weakening and damage of muscle tissue of the heart, while the proliferation of fibrous tissue will seriously affect the function of the heart.

A large amount of alcohol in the stomach will cause discomfort symptoms of acute gastritis, and continuous intake of alcohol will lead to more serious chronic gastritis.