Interpretation of Freud's dream (what method is used to analyze dreams)

According to the traditional view, some dreams are mysterious and illusory, and it is difficult to make a scientific explanation. Some dreams are broken and messy and meaningless.

Nietzsche said: "People in the barbaric primitive cultural era believed that they knew the second real world in their dreams, which was the source of all metaphysics." With the help of dreams, people try to break away from reality, abandon the earth, separate the soul from the body and fly to the other side of the unknown. In the eyes of superstitious people, dreams are the highest state of mind, too advanced to be explained.

Nietzsche mocked this. Nietzsche thinks that dreamers are like barbarians. They often forget, have no clear consciousness and can't distinguish things correctly. Dreams are the relaxation of memory, which brings our thinking back to an uncivilized state. Dream is not a higher spiritual work, but a low-level mental activity after brain rest-dream is not rational, it may be just an instinct or a desire.

Nietzsche: "When we recall a dream clearly, we will be surprised to find that there are so many stupidities hidden in ourselves." Methods to interpret dreams

Before Freud, there were many ways to interpret dreams. Commonly used are "symbolic method" and "decoding method".

The so-called "symbolism" is to bring the dream into the horizon as a whole and try to replace it with another content that is easy to understand and similar in some ways. For example, Cao Cao dreamed that three horses were eating in the same trough, and later generations used symbolic method to explain that three horses symbolized Sima Yi, Si Mazhao and Sima Yan's grandparents and grandchildren, and the trough was Cao. This dream predicted that Sima Yi's grandparents and grandchildren successively took control of Cao Weiquan and eventually usurped Wei. Freud thinks that this method is only used to explain the artificial dream created by the writer and reveal the ideas that the writer wants to express. The Book of Jin first invented Cao Cao's dream, and then explained it with symbolic methods. Real dreams are not so simple, they are always chaotic and complicated, and it is difficult to find specific symbols.

"decoding method" treats dreams as a kind of cipher text, trying to compile them into another character with known meaning through some key characters. For example, we dream of a letter and a funeral, so we look up the characters in the dictionary of dream interpretation. "Letter" stands for "worry" and "funeral" stands for "engagement". According to this, the result of our decoding is: this dream represents that we are worried about our engagement. This method does not regard the dream as a whole, but focuses on a certain detail of the dream, and then imposes cause and effect, which is far-fetched.

Freud disagreed with these two methods. He said, "As far as the academic treatment of this subject is concerned, there is no doubt that the two popular dream solutions have not worked." To this end, he put forward a new method. In order to explain this new method, he used one of his dreams as an analytical object to tell it.

Freud's Interpretation of Dreams

One of Freud's dreams

In the summer of 1895, Freud did psychoanalysis for a young woman named irma. The treatment ended in partial success, and the paranoia and phobia of female patients were alleviated. However, due to the patient's uncooperative, the treatment was finally interrupted.

One day, my friend Otto came to visit Freud, and he brought a message: irma's illness has improved, but it is not very good. After hearing this, Freud felt that his medical skill was questioned and he was very angry. That evening, he wrote down irma's medical history, wanted to defend himself, and finally gave it to the authoritative person Dr. M for evaluation. That night, he had a dream:

In the dream, Freud received many guests in the hall, including irma. Freud put Ilmara aside and accused her of not accepting the "solution", so she was not cured, not because of her poor medical skills. Irma replied: My throat, stomach and body are very painful now, and they are hurting me.

Freudian was very frightened after hearing this. Realizing that he seemed to ignore the organic disease, he pulled the patient back to the window and examined her throat. It was found that she was wearing false teeth, with a large spot on the right side of her throat and a wrinkle formation on the left.

So Freud called Dr. M. Dr. M looked different from usual, pale, lame and without a beard on his chin ... Dr. M said after the examination: Undoubtedly, this is an infection, but it is not a big problem; There will be dysentery, and the toxin will be discharged ..... So everyone will investigate the source of infection-it turns out that not long ago, irma felt unwell, and his friend Otto injected him with drugs such as propyl preparation ... Analysis of Freud's dream

Freud said that the hall in the dream was in a watchtower where he lived at that time. His wife is going to have a birthday, and told him that she hoped that some friends would come to celebrate with him on the birthday, so she took this idea as the background in her dream and made the situation happen at a banquet.

irma's illness was Freud's biggest concern on the day of the dream, so irma appeared in the hall as the protagonist of the dream. Freud was confident in his medical skills. He thought that irma failed to recover because he didn't cooperate with the treatment. Therefore, in the dream, Freud accused irma of the scene.

Because dreams are a mental state lower than thinking, the image of irma has become confused. She looked pale and swollen in her dream, not rosy in reality, but suffering from another disease-sore throat, stomach and body-rather than paranoia and phobia. In fact, irma in the dream is a mixture of Freud's image memories of several patients.

In reality, Freud once visited a friend's house in irma. This lady suffered from diphtheria, and her attending doctor was Dr. M. Freud and Dr. M observed her illness at the window, but in the dream, this scene was reproduced, but there was a distortion-the image of irma was used to replace the image of the lady suffering from diphtheria. In addition, false teeth are actually the impression of a governess in life, and Freud once examined her. In reality, all three women left an impression on Freud that they didn't want to cooperate with the treatment, so in their dreams, some of their characteristics were combined into a "irma".

Picasso's Dream

Although Freud was confident in his medical skills, he still had a slight psychological doubt. So in the dream, after hearing irma say that his throat, stomach and body hurt, he felt frightened, for fear that he had neglected the organic diseases before. So I called Dr. M. Dr. M is not only the attending doctor of diphtheria, but also a more convincing doctor of Freud in reality, so Dr. M appeared in my dream.

The image of Dr. M in the dream is also a mixture of different people's characteristics. Shaving the chin is the image of Freud's brother. A few days before the dream, Freud received news that his brother was suffering from arthritis and limped. My brother and Dr. M recently rejected Freud's advice to them, so in the dream, they mixed together.

after the diagnosis, Dr. m said it was an infection, but the problem was not serious. According to the logic of dreams, irma suffers from diphtheria moss, which shows that Freud neglected organic diseases during treatment, and his medical skills are really not refined. But deep down, he always wanted to protect himself, shirk his responsibility and have a good ending. Therefore, in dreams, I borrowed the mouth of Dr. M to express my comfort.

In reality, irma suffers from paranoia and phobia. In the dream, Dr. M said it was an infection, which shows that deep down, Freud laughed at his colleague's ignorance of paranoia-this is because Dr. M disagreed with Freud's treatment of irma. In his dream, he retaliated against irma and Dr. M: irma was in pain because she didn't cooperate with Freud for treatment; Dr. M made a joke because he didn't agree with Freud's treatment.

Finally, the dream retaliated against Otto, a good friend who brought him bad news and questioned his medical skills. Put the blame for the infection on him.

The motivation of sigmund freud's dream is a wish, and the content is a wish.

Through the analysis of his dream, Freud found that the dream is motivated by a wish or desire, and he satisfies it internally. In reality, Freud hoped that his treatment was correct, and the objections of irma, Dr. M and Otto were all wrong, which became the motivation of dreaming.

The news of Otto stimulated Freud's heart and made him angry, so he had a dream that night. In the dream, there was no fault in his treatment of irma. irma could not recover because she did not cooperate with the treatment, and she also accepted Otto's confused injection, which led to infection, so irma and Otto were wrong, and Freud himself was not at fault. Because Dr. M questioned Freud and disagreed with his treatment, he appeared to be a layman and ignorant in his dreams, and he was also wrong.

The whole dream continued Freud's defense mentality of writing medical history before going to bed. The dream satisfied his innocent desire, successfully defended him and was acquitted.

"irma's pain didn't become a burden to me, because she was at fault, and she refused to accept my solution. Irma's pain has nothing to do with me, because they are organic and cannot be cured by a psychotherapy. "

In Freud's view, "dreams can be regarded as wishes", which is his basic method of interpreting dreams.