How did perfume come into being? Great gods, help!

Perfume originated in Egypt, India, Rome, Greece, Persia and other ancient civilizations. 1 1 The Crusades of the century brought splendid oriental culture to Europe. With the continuous strengthening of East-West trade, perfume, a pleasing product, is gradually accepted and loved by Europeans. The process of making perfume includes pretreatment, mixing, aging, freezing, filtering, color matching, bottling and finished product inspection. 1. Pretreatment: The raw materials for making perfume, such as alcohol, essence, water, etc., must be pure and free of impurities, and must be pretreated before use to ensure the clear appearance, mellow smell and mellow aroma of the product. ① Whisker treatment of alcohol: including purification and aging. There are two commonly used purification methods, alkali reflux method in alcohol and potassium permanganate oxidation method. The purpose is to remove impurities. Sodium hydroxide is added into alcohol, boiled and refluxed for several hours, then fractionated for one or more times, and the purest part of its fragrance is collected for preparing perfume. Alternatively, potassium permanganate solution can be added to alcohol, quickly stirred, left standing, filtered to remove precipitate, and then activated carbon can be added. After standing for several days, it was filtered with silica gel to further adsorb impurities. Adding a small amount of spices to the purified alcohol and sealing it for several months at 65438 05℃ is the aging process. (2) Pretreatment of essence: add a small amount of pretreated alcohol into essence and use it after aging 1 month. ③ Pretreatment of water: distillation or sterilization for deionization. Sodium citrate or EDTA is usually used to remove metal ions. 2. Mixing: put alcohol, essence and water into stainless steel or enamel, silver-plated and tin-plated containers according to a certain proportion, and stir and mix for a period of time, so that impurities in essence can be fully precipitated, thus improving the clarity of finished products and the anti-turbidity ability under cold conditions. 3. Aging: put the mixed perfume into a closed container with a safety valve for aging. There are two methods for perfume aging: physical method and chemical method. Physical methods include mechanical stirring, air bubbling, infrared and ultraviolet irradiation, ultrasonic treatment and mechanical vibration. Chemical methods include air, oxygen or ozone bubbling oxidation, silver or silver chloride catalysis, tin or hydrogen reduction. During aging, the smell of perfume gradually changed from rough to mellow. However, if the essence is not properly blended, it will also produce bad smell. As for the time required for aging, some people think it takes three months, while others think it should be longer or shorter. Can be adjusted according to factors such as production conditions. 4. cooling: perfume will become translucent or foggy when it meets low temperature, and then it will not be clarified after heating, and it will always be turbid. So perfume must be frozen before filtering. 5. Filtration: some insoluble substances are precipitated after aging and freezing, and removed by filtration to ensure its transparency and clarity. Filter with a filter press, and add filter AIDS such as diatomite to adsorb the precipitated particles, otherwise the precipitate will block the pores of the filter cloth. After adding the filter aid, the perfume should be cooled to about 0℃, and this temperature should be maintained during filtration. The temperature of the filter press can be cooled by circulating the cooled perfume several times. When the precipitate produced by aging and cooling is filtered, it can be returned to room temperature, and it can be filtered once with fine mesh cloth to ensure that the product remains clear and transparent during storage and use. Because of the use of filter AIDS in filtration, some spices may be adsorbed, resulting in the loss of aroma, which should be estimated in advance and compensated afterwards. 6. Color matching: Generally, the color is added after the filtration process, otherwise the color will be easily absorbed by the filter aid, but it must be added after being compared with the standard sample. 7. Product inspection: colorimetry, specific gravity and refractive index are measured by instruments, and alcohol content is measured by conventional methods. 8. Bottle: The bottle should be washed with distilled water. When bottling, some gaps should be left at the bottleneck to prevent the solution in the bottle from expanding when heated during storage, which will cause the bottle to rupture. Whether in ancient or modern ways, essential oils need to be carefully prepared by perfumers after they are made. The perfumer called "nose" smells, selects and tests various essential oils. Because the sense of smell will be dull after smelling more than three or four kinds of smells, it will take hours or even days to test again. The perfumer spends months or even years experiencing hundreds of smells, and then tries a formula. And these processes only leave a little charming fragrance behind the beauty's earlobe ... The smell of a small piece of Madeleine cake soaked in tea can make Proust feel happy, because every time he encounters this smell, he will think of what he has experienced, and it is this smell that urges him to look for the lost years ... It can be seen how pale the world would be without a sense of smell. Plato once condemned perfume, thinking that it would make people weak and eager for happiness; Socrates said that a person's smell reflects a person's social class. Cleopatra and Queen Josephine both like perfume. Josephine used too much fragrance, and the maid fainted! Perfume can make olfactory memory reach a peak of recognition and is also a part of image composition. Although scientific research has proved that perfume is closely related to race, personality and mood, there is no doubt that pleasing yourself is the biggest function of perfume. The first bottle of perfume was brought back from Paris by my parents and friends as a birthday present for 18. That's Bordeaux packaging, traditional pure fragrance, my perfume enlightenment, and my mother's enlightenment to my woman. But I didn't use it up, and soon I set foot on the journey of "wearing incense" with self-righteousness. The second bottle of perfume is a honey Buddha from an old Jewish man. I didn't know its fame at that time, and I didn't know its name after using it. I only remember that the liquid gold bottle was like a bird, very fragrant and romantic. In fact, it is not commensurate with me who loved to wear a long white dress at that time ... However, this mistake is beautiful and fragrant in my memory. If every fragrance a woman has experienced contains delicate memories or stories, then her life must be calm and gorgeous. What better way to record a woman's life with perfume? ▲ chanel no.5 chanel no.5 chanel no.5 is the world's first perfume containing acetaldehyde, which belongs to the representative brand of aldehyde perfume. Since it came out in the 1920s, it has maintained its ace position. Moreover, its bottle shape is simple and generous, making it one of the classics of perfume packaging. Aroma: floral acetaldehyde tone. ▲ Ya Dun Ronghua Thriller Ladies' Perfume Thriller Perfume has exquisite oriental floral fragrance, which is a feminine fragrance mixed with the fragrance of water lily, magnolia and white rose. Suitable for you who are different! Aroma introduction: It combines the aroma of sweet beans, wisteria, hyacinthus orientalis, Bai Mudan, wild mandarin duck tail flower, dark plum, narcissus, jasmine and magnolia flower. At the same time, there are also shower gel and body lotion with the same fragrance. Washing products with the same fragrance is an important part of protecting perfume. ▲GUCCI GUCCI new ladies' perfume This perfume was designed by Gucci creative director TOMFORD and represents the classic perfume of Gucci brand essence (Excellence, gorgeous and charm). This bottle of perfume with the same name as Gucci brand has the lasting charm of oriental floral fragrance, and the unique and noble crystal bottle body tells the classic tradition and modernity! This bottle of perfume with cognac color is an eternal boutique. ▲ I love Dior limited edition commemorative perfume Dior launched a limited edition perfume in 2002-I love Dior. This perfume is full of leisure in the bottle design. The innovative denim friction cloth on the perfume bottle shows the pleasure of women's self-pursuit, and the distinctive ILoveDior slogan on the package is the spirit of the whole bottle of perfume. The sweet and refreshing fragrance is unforgettable for a long time. Suitable for young hearts, young love and real women. ▲Dior Real Lady perfume initial tone: fresh ivy leaves, sweet citrus fruits, and a hint of yellow taste. At this faint moment, you can also hear the voice from the heart. Middle note: As orchids get drunk together, violets and the last roses also bring their rich fragrance. Here, you should not be sad anymore. Tone: seal the saddest memories. Plums in Damascus, the last drop of wine, and blackcurrant mixed with musk and wood will put all unhappiness aside. ▲5th Avenue' Arden Fifth Avenue perfume is produced by Elizabeth Ya Dun Company of the United States, tel: 1996. Fifth Avenue expresses women's self-confidence, modernity, wisdom and elegance, which is suitable for women who are confident, fashionable and pursue their own style in modern cities. The design lines of the bottle body are simple and generous, with a sense of modern rhythm. The lines on the side of the bottle body complement the skyscrapers in Manhattan, new york, and are elegant and neat. ▲ The fragrance of Arden Green Tea Ladies' perfume "Green Tea" is inspired by the ancient tea ceremony tradition. It is a mixture of coriander, lemon, citrus, bergamot, mint, celery, oak moss, musk, amber and other ingredients, creating an atmosphere of harmony between man and nature. The fresh smell can relieve tension and give people a fresh feeling. It contains an extremely unique ingredient-green tea, the main ingredients are jasmine, rose, fruit fragrance and so on. The fragrance is fresh, elegant and refined, and it has a light taste of dust in the non-human world. ▲ GIVENCHY's Ms. Hot Flow perfume combines floral, woody and fruity fragrance. The core fragrance of Magnolia grandiflora is fresh and sweet, and amber vetiver grass adds warm woody fragrance to this perfume, creating the ultimate fragrance of emotional women. On the bottle body, the silver classic ladies' pattern print is matched with the black background, and the tripod design on the back of the bottle body makes the whole perfume look like an elegant model. (Black Maya) With the development of essence and fragrance technology, perfume has formed different factions such as naturalism, authenticity, impressionism and expressionism. Naturalism: Before18th century, synthetic perfume did not appear, and all perfumes at this stage belonged to naturalism. Its raw materials are pure natural plant and animal extracts, and its representative product is 17 10, the famous "cologne", which is still popular today. True school:/kloc-After 0/8th century, synthetic spices appeared. Natural perfume and synthetic perfume are often used to adjust fragrance, and their fragrance emphasizes close to natural fragrance to give perfume a natural sense of reality. The representative product of this school is 1902 Roger &; "Vera Violette" perfume produced by Gallet Company is made of synthetic ionone. Impressionism: Aroma created with one's own impression of reality as the theme. Its creativity is the reproduction of a natural aroma by the founder at that time and in the local area. It contains a lot of humanistic (subjective) flavor, which can be seen from its name: for example, "perfume in early May" represents the fragrance of lilacs in early May; Another example is the aroma of "My Sweet Pea", which refers to the aroma (climate and temperature) of my sweet pea at that time. Expressionism: After World War I, perfumers put more emphasis on the fragrance theme and emotional color of perfume. They not only get a wide range of fragrance themes from nature, but also give full play to their imagination and express things, memories and feelings based on actual impressions. Such as chanel no.5 (produced on the 5th, 192 1), Surprise (produced in Leiren, 1935) and My Seal (produced in Maghref, 1944). Judging from the recent creation of tiaoxiang, it is biased towards the integration of "expressionism" and "true school" Open the perfume bottle, let people walk among the flowers, the fragrance is extremely elegant, close to the natural floral fragrance, giving people unlimited reverie, and integrating with people's pursuit of beauty, nature and individuality. Expensive perfume is called "liquid diamond". Although the price is higher than that of diamonds, it still attracts beauty lovers. Which brands of perfume are the most expensive in the world today? Among them, the top ten are: Bijan, the most expensive perfume made by famous fashion designer Bijan, which has a rich and mysterious oriental fragrance and sells for 300 dollars per ounce. Joy was introduced by Paris fashion designer Jean-Ba Du. Its jasmine fragrance is worthy of the name and can bring joy to women. The price is $230 per ounce. Tiffany's elegant European style, mainly jasmine and rose fragrance, mixed with forest tones, costs $200 per ounce. Diva (diva) has a complex fragrance and is suitable for the most fashionable and romantic women. Produced by Ngaro Company, the price is $65,438+090 per ounce. Opium is rich in oriental fragrance, mysterious and attractive. It is produced by Saint Laurent Company and costs $0/75 per ounce/kloc. Caleche's signature perfume is $0-0/70 per ounce. Arpege (Ai Peizhi) is elegant in floral fragrance and simple in flavor. It is introduced by Romantic Company, and the price is 65,438+070 USD/oz. Chanel No.5 was listed on 192 1, and "5" is a lucky number for Ms. Chanel. In her boutique series, both pearl bracelets and jewelry are in units of 5. The fragrance of 5 is floral acetaldehyde and the fragrance of 5 is woody. The floral fragrance of 5 exquisitely records the unique charm and elegance of women. Shalimar's exquisite perfume, oriental turpentine flavor, US$ 0/70 per ounce. Ivory Coast (Ivory) Pamen Lady Perfume, fresh in style, at $0/65 per ounce/kloc. The process of making perfume includes pretreatment, mixing, aging, freezing, filtering, color matching, bottling and finished product inspection. 1. Pretreatment: The raw materials for making perfume, such as alcohol, essence, water, etc., must be pure and free of impurities, and must be pretreated before use to ensure the clear appearance, mellow smell and mellow aroma of the product. ① Whisker treatment of alcohol: including purification and aging. There are two commonly used purification methods, alkali reflux method in alcohol and potassium permanganate oxidation method. The purpose is to remove impurities. Sodium hydroxide is added into alcohol, boiled and refluxed for several hours, then fractionated for one or more times, and the purest part of its fragrance is collected for preparing perfume. Alternatively, potassium permanganate solution can be added to alcohol, quickly stirred, left standing, filtered to remove precipitate, and then activated carbon can be added. After standing for several days, it was filtered with silica gel to further adsorb impurities. Adding a small amount of spices to the purified alcohol and sealing it for several months at 65438 05℃ is the aging process. (2) Pretreatment of essence: add a small amount of pretreated alcohol into essence and use it after aging 1 month. ③ Pretreatment of water: distillation or sterilization for deionization. Sodium citrate or EDTA is usually used to remove metal ions. 2. Mixing: put alcohol, essence and water into stainless steel or enamel, silver-plated and tin-plated containers according to a certain proportion, and stir and mix for a period of time, so that impurities in essence can be fully precipitated, thus improving the clarity of finished products and the anti-turbidity ability under cold conditions. 3. Aging: put the prepared perfume into a closed container with a safety valve for aging. There are two methods for perfume aging: physical method and chemical method. Physical methods include mechanical stirring, air bubbling, infrared and ultraviolet irradiation, ultrasonic treatment and mechanical vibration. Chemical methods include air, oxygen or ozone bubbling oxidation, silver or silver chloride catalysis, tin or hydrogen reduction. During aging, the smell of perfume gradually changed from rough to mellow. However, if the essence is not properly blended, it will also produce bad smell. As for the time required for aging, some people think it takes three months, while others think it should be longer or shorter. Can be adjusted according to factors such as production conditions. 4. cooling: perfume will become translucent or foggy when it meets low temperature, and then it will not be clarified after heating, and it will always be turbid. So perfume must be frozen before filtering. 5. Filtration: some insoluble substances are precipitated after aging and freezing, and removed by filtration to ensure its transparency and clarity. Filter with a filter press, and add filter AIDS such as diatomite to adsorb the precipitated particles, otherwise the precipitate will block the pores of the filter cloth. After adding the filter aid, the perfume should be cooled to about 0℃, and this temperature should be maintained during filtration. The temperature of the filter press can be cooled by circulating the cooled perfume several times. When the precipitate produced by aging and cooling is filtered, it can be returned to room temperature, and it can be filtered once with fine mesh cloth to ensure that the product remains clear and transparent during storage and use. Because of the use of filter AIDS in filtration, some spices may be adsorbed, resulting in the loss of aroma, which should be estimated in advance and compensated afterwards. 6. Color matching: Generally, the color is added after the filtration process, otherwise the color will be easily absorbed by the filter aid, but it must be added after being compared with the standard sample. 7. Product inspection: colorimetry, specific gravity and refractive index are measured by instruments, and alcohol content is measured by conventional methods. 8. Bottle: The bottle should be washed with distilled water. When bottling, some gaps should be left at the bottleneck to prevent the solution in the bottle from expanding when heated during storage, which will cause the bottle to rupture.