Urgent! The historical story of Shaoxing ancient city.

abstract

Shaoxing has a history of about 8000 years since the middle Neolithic Age. The ancient capital of Yue was built in 490 BC, 2500 years ago. Shaoxing is the founding capital of Xia Dynasty, the capital of Yue State in Spring and Autumn Period, the capital of Huiji State in Jin Dynasty, the capital of Wu Yue State in the East, the capital of Southern Song Dynasty and the capital of Nanming regime. It was famous as early as Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and it was also a metropolis in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, and it was the political, economic and cultural center of Southeast China. Shaoxing is also the first famous cultural city in China, with the accumulation of literati going south for three times, and even the prosperity of writing style is famous all over the world. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Yue people established Yue State around Shaoxing today and became one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the twenty-fifth year of King Qin (222 BC), Jiangnan was decided.

Shaoxing (65,438+00) recorded in history that Yue Jun was demoted, and Kuaiji County was set up in the cross-border area, and the model of dividing counties into captains was implemented. For fear of the revival of Yue, Wei ruled (because Huiji County is an important border town, and Wei's rule is more important), and now it governs more than 20 counties in southern Jiangsu and most parts of Zhejiang. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (106), Huiji County was connected with 26 counties, and now there are 18 counties in Zhejiang. In the fourth year of Yong Jian in the Eastern Han Dynasty (129), Huiji County was classified as Wu County, and it was still Huiji County to the south of Qiantang River, and all counties were in charge (now Shaoxing). In the second year of Jin Taikang (28 1), Sun Xiu, a title of generals in ancient times, took the county as the country and sealed the country. In the first year of Xiao Jian in the Southern Song Dynasty (454), five counties, namely Huiji, Dongyang, Yongjia, Linhai and Xin 'an, established East Yangzhou, which was promoted to the secretariat of East Yangzhou, and the state ruled Yin Shan. In the ninth year of Sui Huangkai (589), Chen Ping was a provincial county, which was abolished as Huiji County. At the same time, Yongxing, Shangyu and Xianning were merged into counties, Yuyao, Qin and Zhi were merged into counties, and Wu Zhou was established, which led to the original five counties in Yangzhou, which governed Huiji, Zhuji, Shu and four counties. In the first year of Yang Di's great cause (605), Wu was abolished, and the original territory of Wu Zhou was located in Yuezhou, and its jurisdiction remained unchanged. As the first capital city in the southeast of China, the Tang Dynasty set up Yuezhou Governor's Office, Zhongdu Governor's Office, Zhejiang Dongdao Our Mission, and managed eight states: Mu, Qu, Wu, Taiwan, Ming, Kuo and Wen. In the Five Dynasties, Yuezhou set up the Metropolitan Government and Du Dong, which were in charge of, wood, music, Wu, Taiwan, Ming, Chu and Wen. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were two states: Zhejiang Road and Yuezhou. In the first year of Daguan, he was promoted to Shuai Fu and stationed in Guan Yue, Ququ, Wuyuan, Taiwan, Ming, Chu and Wen. In the fourth year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 130), he was stationed in Longyue Prefecture, and Yuezhou was promoted to Shaoxing Metropolitan Government and Hangzhou Capital, which governed Qufu, Wuzhou, Taiwan, Ming, Chu and Wen. Jurisdiction over Yin Shan, Huiji, Zhuji, Xiaoshan, Yuyao, Shangyu, Shengxian and Xinchang 8 counties. In the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1276), it was renamed Shaoxing Road. Shaoxing was restored in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), Shaoxing Administrative Supervision Zone was established. Shaoxing area was established in June 1949, revoked in June 1952, and re-established in September 1964. 1July, 983, the land was withdrawn to build the city, and Shaoxing was established, which was under the provincial jurisdiction.

Prehistoric Shaoxing

Archaeologists of Xiaohuangshan Culture (Neolithic Culture) discovered the site of Xiaohuangshan Culture in Ganlin Town, Shaoxing. Inferred from the unearthed cultural relics, as early as 10000-8000 years ago, the ancestors of Xiaohuangshan began to settle down, and the income from gathering and hunting was their main food source. The excavation of a large number of pottery makes Xiaohuangshan culture have unique archaeological value.

Ancient Yue civilization

Shaoxing, located in the southeast coast, is the hometown of China Guyue people and the center of Guyue civilization. Experts generally believe that the vast areas starting from the East China Sea in the east, western Zhejiang and eastern Anhui in the west, Jianghuai in the north and Fujian and Guangdong in the south have all been radiated and influenced by the ancient Yue civilization, covering the above areas.

The founding ceremony (of a country)

The officials of Shunhui and the prince of Huiyu took place in Shaoxing. The ancients said, "Yue, the country of Shun is also. There were three saints in ancient times, and the more saints there were. " "Historical Records" and "Xia Benji" record: Ten years, Emperor Yudong patrolled and hunted, but as for the meeting, it collapsed. Also loaded: Huiyu will wait for Jiangnan to work hard and collapse. Because of the burial, he was ordered to record it, and the accountant would record it. Dayu established the first dynasty in China in Huiji, which was the land of founding ceremony in Xia Dynasty, and divided the world into Kyushu, with Yangzhou in the southeast of Kyushu reaching the seashore and Huiji as the center. Huiji Mountain is a famous town mountain in China, where the emperor offered sacrifices. Qin Shihuang went to Huiji to worship Dayu and looked at the sea. Li carved stone to praise Qin De. This is the famous "Huiji Carving Stone". He saw that there was a king's spirit in the southeast, so he dug a mountain to vent his anger. In the history of China, the worship of mountains began in Huiji Mountain. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals and Huainanzi Terrain are the first of the nine famous mountains in China. Huiji Mountain is also an important birthplace of landscape poetry, and many outstanding poems have been left by literati in past dynasties. As a national festival, Dayu Tomb, a public sacrifice, was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list by the State Council.

Chunqiu Ba Du

In 490 BC, Fan Li, a doctor of Yue, was ordered to build the capital of Yue. Fan Lixian chose to build a small town in Fushan. Later, a big city, Yinshan, was built in the east of this town. Later generations praised Shaoxing as a classic in the history of ancient urban construction, because it has a unique landscape, no worries about drought and flood, and can attack and defend freely and build a solid foundation. Later, wuyue competed for hegemony, He Lu was killed, and Fu Cha took revenge. Ten years later, Ju Jian got together for ten years' lessons and avenged himself. The more you destroy Wu, the more you expand your territory to Jianghuai. His territory includes southeastern Shandong, southern Jiangsu and Anhui, eastern Jiangxi, Fujian and Zhejiang. And he became one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the princes were princes and the style of writing was the norm. Yue's hard struggle has become an inseparable part of the Chinese national spirit. After Shun and Yu, Huiji once again became famous in China. After that, Qin Shihuang traveled east to Shaoxing, leaving behind "Huiji Stone Carvings". Shaoxing in the Eastern Han Dynasty became the birthplace of China celadon porcelain and the land of plenty.

Dadu of the Six Dynasties

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Huiji had a prosperous population and rich products, which blended with the health of the East and the West. Its status is equivalent to today's Shanghai, the national economic and cultural center and the trading center of silk, rice, paper and other goods. This is the most attractive city in China. As a bustling commercial and handicraft center city, it is known as many dramas in the world. Once the county was changed into a country, the luxury and wealth of benefiting the world reached an unimaginable level. It was surrounded by thousands of riders as soon as it came out. At the same time, Hui Ji has a special military and political position. In that era when the king and the horse shared the world, the nobles living in Huiji had great political influence. Emperor Jinyuan praised Shaoxing as a "big country" entrusted by the imperial base of the Jin Dynasty. Shaoxing has the most developed commodity economy in the country, luxurious manor, so-called "princes and nobles, houses facing each other"; Celebrities in the world are fighting for love in Huiji, and the humanities are unparalleled. In the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huiji accounted for 40% of Yangzhou's population and was the largest county in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. According to historical records, in the fourth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 329), the capital Jiankang was in ruins after the Soviet rebellion. At that time, the imperial court proposed to move the capital to Huiji, which finally failed, which also reflected the status of Huiji and Jiankang. During the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, the court set up "Yangzhou", and the state was Yin Shan, which was later called East Yangzhou. Shaoxing in Wei and Jin Dynasties can be called Yin Shan, Huiji, Yangzhou and East Yangzhou.

Wei-Jin romantic

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to the war in the north, the political center moved to the south, and a large number of residents in the Yellow River valley fled the south of the Yangtze River, and Huiji County became an immigrant settlement of aristocratic families. The Xie Wang family settled in Huiji one after another, and eighteen nobles gathered in Wozhou, which is the largest star settlement in the whole Eastern Jin Dynasty, with prosperous humanities and ranking first in Jiangzuo. As a result, the stories that happened in Huiji can be seen everywhere in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, leaving many allusions, such as Dong Chuang's son-in-law, Qushui, making a comeback and having a whim. Huiji became the cultural center of the Six Dynasties and the birthplace of landscape culture, indicating the arrival of a new artistic era. Celebrities in the Six Dynasties made outstanding achievements in literature, art and religion, which continued into the Tang and Song Dynasties and became the pinnacle of China's aesthetics.

Millionaire v of the Three Kingdoms

Since Wei and Jin Dynasties, Huiji has flourished, which is the richest area in the south and the end of the canal. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was still an international metropolis and an important economic and commercial center of China. The Grand Canal was also opened to facilitate the control of Huiji, the southern economic center, which is also the holy city of China. Yang Di wants to visit Huiji in the East after the story of Xia and Qin Huang. Su Yang, King of Yue in Sui Dynasty, took Yuezhou as his fief, and extended the county seat to 45 Li in Fiona Fang, named Luocheng. As the first capital of China's southeast silk ceramics and other products.

The industrial center, "Made in Shaoxing", is exported overseas, and it is the birthplace of the Maritime Silk Road and the Maritime Ceramics Road. As a handicraft industry and an important commercial center, metallurgical industry, high-grade silk products industry, celadon industry, paper industry, salt industry, shipbuilding industry and foreign trade industry once flourished. Due to the developed economy, there are many grass markets all over the country, and there are an endless stream of people on business trips in the city. Huang Fuzheng described it as "the city is full of wealthy businessmen and prosperous people." Bai Juyi said, "Because thinking is in Vietnam, officials value Yin", and that "those who are in Huiji County, the west town of the sea and the east gate of the country will be fat and double the cream"; Du Muzan "plowed crops by machine, sealed seven States, taxed fish and salt, and spent half a day on food and clothing"; Cui even called Yuezhou "the Huo Zhi of copper, salt, bamboo, boats, boats and bamboo, lost and consolidated into the second capital in all directions", which was the most important tax source and economic center in the Tang Dynasty. Shaoxing in the Tang Dynasty was luxurious, and merchants and celebrities gathered. As a comprehensive metropolis, the number of gardens, Tang poems and celebrities ranks among the top three in the Tang Dynasty, and it is also one of the religious centers. The Mani Temple in Uyghur was established in Shaoxing, and Japan visited Shaoxing several times to seek Buddha. It used to be the Tang Dynasty. As for the comprehensive impact, it should be extended to Chang 'an, Luoyang and Yuezhou. Yuan Zhen, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, praised the beauty of Yuezhou scenery, the grandeur of state houses and the prosperity of the city many times, and wrote a poem "Nothing in the World" to praise Yuezhou. Li Bai, a poet, visited Huiji four times, and there were more than 100 poems praising Shaoxing, accounting for one tenth of his total poems. As the city with the most poems, he sang the quatrains of "My heart and dreams are in Wu and Yue, crossing the mirror lake on a moonlit night". There are more than 400 other poets, such as Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Meng Haoran, Cui Hao, Liu Yuxi, Jia Dao, Luo Yin, Wen and Meng Jiao. Praising Hui Ji's elegance, he left thousands of precious poems in Shaoxing, whose cultural charm is comparable to that of the East and the West.

Old capital of southern song dynasty

From the Eastern Mansion of Wu Yueguo in the Five Dynasties to the Metropolitan Mansion in the Northern Song Dynasty, Yuezhou is a "southeast metropolis with a wide kelp river." During the Southern Song Dynasty, Song Gaozong Zhao Gou came to Yuezhou in October (1 129), and Yuezhou became the political and economic center of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the first year of Shaoxing, Zhao Gou promoted Yuezhou to Shaoxing Prefecture, aiming to unify the whole country and make Shaoxing its capital. Shaoxing, as the mausoleum of the emperor, is an important settlement of the royal family. Dali Temple, Liugong and Gong Xue are all in Shaoxing. There are also palaces such as Tianqing Palace and Tianchangguan and important royal buildings in the city. Song Lizong used to be a Shaoxing citizen and a national cultural publishing center, ranking higher than other governments. Among the 40 "big cities" announced by the imperial court at that time, Shaoxing ranked first. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Shaoxing was still the second largest city in China. As the saying goes, 800 miles of lakes and mountains, 100 thousand people. On the fifteenth day of the first month of each year, the Lantern Festival "sets jade, pearl rhinoceros, famous incense, precious medicinal materials, embroidery and rattan weaving, and the Mountain Cumulus Committee is dazzling; Calligraphy, famous paintings, Zhong Ding, Yi ware, good play, strange things, and different. " .

Cultural giant

The five hundred years of Ming and Qing dynasties were the five hundred years when the Chinese empire was struggling in pain and suffering from wind and frost. Shaoxing is also experiencing the pain before modernization. Xu Wei, Wang Mian, Chen Hongshou, Liu, etc. Their cultural achievements formed the main line of Shaoxing culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and important representatives appeared in the fields of Quyi, painting, poetry, literature and thought. Shaoxing was the center of national culture and thought in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the Renaissance sprouted in Shaoxing in the late Ming Dynasty. Economically, Shaoxing is still the first city in eastern Zhejiang and a rich city in the south of the Yangtze River. 1790, the imperial court drew the full map of the Grand Canal, the Water Conservancy Map of Grand Canal Springs in Nine Provinces. Shaoxing is the southern end of China's Grand Canal, which shows its position in cities all over the country. Kangxi and Qianlong visited Shaoxing many times.

Modern situation

After sleeping for a hundred years, the descendants of the dragon suddenly woke up. Wind and rain are like rock, and mountains and rivers are broken. In the turbulent revolutionary struggle, Shaoxing people have no hesitation and go forward bravely! Xu Xilin, Qiu Jin and Tao, known as the three outstanding figures of 1911, witnessed the arrival of a new era through their active struggle. The Guangfu Association in Shaoxing is a great event in this era. When the country sank and hesitated, Generate gave a strong cry. Lu Xun, a literary superstar who never fell, became the greatest pride of Shaoxing people in modern times! Cai Yuanpei, Ma Yinchu, Chen, Zhu Kezhen ... Shaoxing's civilized ships still bear the pride of "being built by experts".

Huiji Wang Qi

There are three tombs in Shaoxing: Dayu Tomb, Six Mausoleums of Song Dynasty, Yuewang Tomb of Yinshan Mountain, Sun Jian Tomb and Qian Tomb of Wu Yueguo, which show Shaoxing's historical position, legend and symbol of China. Qin Shihuang came thousands of miles to pay homage to Dayu, paying homage to this meeting, and produced an emperor and a tyrant, who was both the son of heaven and the overlord. Heavyweight celebrities in the past dynasties praised Shaoxing countless times, such as Lu You's "Today's big town, only Jinling will benefit Jier"! Yuan Zhen's "There is no record in the world, so let Suzhou and Hangzhou be the next generation"; Mao Zedong's "Jianhu went to the hometown of celebrities in Taiwan Province, mourning for the country's heartbroken"; Li Shangyin's "Yesterday I heard about Emperor Xianyang, and recently I spoke about it"; Su Shi's "this shore must be the fairy house, and Yu Yidong must come to the secret meeting" and so on.