What are the policies on environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction?

Environmental protection means that human beings consciously protect natural resources, make rational use of natural resources, and prevent the natural environment from being polluted and destroyed; It is necessary to comprehensively control the polluted and destroyed environment and create an environment suitable for human life and work. Environmental protection refers to various actions taken by human beings to solve real or potential environmental problems, coordinate the relationship between human beings and the environment, and ensure the sustainable development of economy and society. Its methods and means include engineering technology, administration, law, economy, publicity and education, etc. Its contents mainly include:

(a) the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by production and living activities, including the prevention and control of "three wastes" (waste water, waste gas and waste residue), dust, radioactive substances, noise, vibration, odor and electromagnetic microwave radiation, harmful gases, liquids and noise generated by transportation activities, pollutants discharged by ships at sea, toxic and harmful chemicals used in industrial and agricultural production and people's life, and smoke, sewage and garbage discharged from urban life.

(2) Preventing environmental damage caused by construction and development activities, including preventing environmental pollution and damage caused by large-scale water conservancy projects, railways, highway trunk lines, large-scale ports and docks, airports and large-scale industrial projects, and preventing environmental damage, pollution and impact caused by land reclamation around lakes, development of offshore oil fields, coastal zones and swamps, development of forests and mineral resources, and establishment and construction of new industrial zones and new towns;

(3) Protecting the natural environment with special value, including effectively protecting rare species and their living environment, historical sites of special natural development, geological phenomena, landforms and landscapes, etc. In addition, urban and rural planning, controlling soil erosion and desertification, planting trees, controlling population growth and distribution, and rationally allocating productive forces also belong to environmental protection. Environmental protection has become one of the common actions and main tasks of governments and people all over the world. China declared environmental protection as a basic national policy, and formulated and promulgated a series of environmental protection laws and regulations to ensure the implementation of this basic national policy.

Environmental protection (hereinafter referred to as environmental protection) is a serious environmental pollution caused by industrial development, which first attracted the attention of industrialized countries. Make use of national laws and regulations and public opinion propaganda to urge the whole society to pay attention to and deal with pollution problems.

1962, American biologist rachel carson published a book named Silent Spring, which expounded the pollution and destruction of pesticide DDT to the environment. Because of the warning of this book, the American government began to investigate the problem of highly toxic pesticides, and established the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970, and various States successively passed laws prohibiting the production and use of highly toxic pesticides. This book is regarded as the symbolic starting point of environmental ecology in the 20th century.

From June 5, 1972 to June 6, 1972,/kloc-0, sponsored by the United Nations, the first United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was held in Stockholm, Sweden, and the famous Declaration on the Human Environment was put forward, which was the beginning that environmental protection officially attracted the attention of governments all over the world. The Government of China also attended the meeting.

China's environmental protection also started with 1972. Guanting Reservoir Protection Office was established in Beijing, and Three Wastes Treatment Office was established in Hebei Province. At the same time, the problem of pollution of Guanting Reservoir in Shacheng pesticide plant, which belongs to Hebei Province, was studied and dealt with, which led to the promulgation of laws in China to formally ban the production and use of DDT nationwide. 1973 Established the Environmental Protection Office under the State Construction Committee, and later changed it to the State Environmental Protection Administration directly under the State Council. Provinces (cities, districts) have also established environmental protection bureaus (departments). And set up an environmental reporting hotline 12369 and an online center 12369 to receive reports of environmental pollution incidents from the masses.

The main responsibility of the government's environmental protection department is to implement the policies for controlling pollutant discharge formulated by parliaments (people's congresses) at all levels and encourage the development of pollutant discharge control technologies to control pollution and protect and improve the environment. Energy saving and emission reduction means saving energy, reducing energy consumption and reducing pollutant emissions. China's fast-growing energy consumption and high dependence on foreign oil prompted the government to propose in early 2006 that by 20 10, the energy consumption per unit of GDP would be reduced by 20% compared with 2005, and the discharge of major pollutants would be reduced by 10%. The combination of these two indicators is what we call "energy saving and emission reduction". China's "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" outlines that during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the energy consumption per unit of GDP will be reduced by about 20%, and the total discharge of major pollutants will be reduced by 10%. Energy conservation and emission reduction-implementation measures for energy conservation and emission reduction 1. The first is to control the increment and adjust the optimized structure. It is necessary to control the excessive growth of industries with high energy consumption and high pollution, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, improve policies and measures to promote industrial restructuring, actively promote energy restructuring, and accelerate the development of service industries and high-tech industries. 2. Increase investment and fully implement key projects. Accelerate the implementation of ten key energy-saving projects. Implement water-saving projects. Accelerate the construction of water pollution control projects. Promote the treatment of sulfur dioxide in coal-fired power plants. Raise funds for energy conservation and emission reduction through multiple channels. 3. Innovate the mode and accelerate the development of circular economy. Deepen the pilot project of circular economy, promote the comprehensive utilization of resources, promote the recycling of garbage, and comprehensively promote clean production. 4, relying on science and technology, accelerate the development and popularization of technology. Accelerate the research and development of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, accelerate the industrialization demonstration and promotion of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, accelerate the establishment of energy-saving and emission-reduction technical service systems, promote the healthy development of environmental protection industries, and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation. 5. Lay a solid foundation and strengthen the management of energy conservation and emission reduction. Establish a government accountability system for energy conservation and emission reduction, and establish and improve the index system, monitoring system and assessment system for energy conservation and emission reduction. 6, improve the legal system, strengthen supervision and inspection of law enforcement. Improve energy conservation and environmental protection standards and carry out special law enforcement inspections on energy conservation and emission reduction. 7. Improve policies and form an incentive and restraint mechanism. We will actively and steadily push forward the price reform of resource products, improve fiscal policies conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction, and implement tax policies conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. 8. Strengthen publicity and raise the awareness of saving the whole people. Organize the annual China Energy Conservation Publicity Week, China Urban Water Conservation Publicity Week and World Environment Day, Earth Day and Water Publicity Day. Infiltrate the concept of saving resources and protecting the environment into all kinds of school education and teaching, and cultivate children's awareness of saving from an early age. 9. The government plays a leading and exemplary role in energy conservation. In terms of energy conservation and emission reduction, the central government will take the lead in setting an example. In 2007, China will promote 50 million high-efficiency and energy-saving products, and the central state organs will take the lead in replacing energy-saving lamps.