Best answer 40 points: Where did Zhuge Liang’s military knowledge come from?

The history books do not mention what Zhuge Liang and his classmates learned. "Three Kingdoms". "The Biography of Zhuge Liang" Pei Annotation quotes "Wei Lue": "Liang was in Jingzhou, and in the early days of Jian'an, he traveled with Yingchuan Shi Guangyuan, Xu Yuanzhi, Runan Meng Gongwei and others. The three of them worked on mastery, but Liang alone observed the rough outline." Shi said. Guangyuan, Xu Yuanzhi, and Meng Gongwei "worked to become proficient," and "Wei Lue" said Xu Shu: "Listen and study the classics, and you will be familiar with the principles." It can be seen that Zhuge Liang's classmates only studied the classics and did not seem to have much interest in military science. Their discussions did not necessarily involve military matters. In my opinion, Zhuge Liang's military knowledge came from several aspects: "Three Kingdoms." "The Biography of Zhuge Liang": "(After Zhuge Liang's death) King Xuan went to his camp and said: 'He is a genius in the world!'" This is Zhuge Liang's military science. Part of it is innate and does not need to be learned. "Three Kingdoms". "Zhuge Liang's Biography": "Liang Xing is good at ingenuity. He has lost and lost a crossbow, a wooden ox and a horse, all of which are unexpected. He has deduced the art of war and made eight Chen diagrams, and he has obtained the key points." Ze Liang is good at military creation, and the weapons of the Shu army , transportation equipment and marching formations are all improvements over those of Wei and Wu, which is also a manifestation of his genius. The "Three Kingdoms" cited above. "The Biography of Zhuge Liang" Pei Annotation quotes "Wei Lue": "Liang was in Jingzhou, and in the early days of Jian'an, he traveled to study with Yingchuan Shi Guangyuan, Xu Yuanzhi, Runan Meng Gongwei and others. The three of them worked on mastery, but Liang alone observed the rough outline." This is Zhuge Liang. His reading method is different from others. He does not stick to chapters and sentences, but only seeks to understand the general outline. Therefore, Liang must read more books than others. It can also be seen that his ambition is to manage the world, not to "find chapters and excerpts", so he must have dabbled in practical books such as military science. "Three Kingdoms". Pei's annotation in "The Biography of Liu Bei" quoted the late emperor's last edict: "I heard that the prime minister had finished writing "Shen", "Han", "Guanzi", and "Six Tao". If he did not send it, the Taoism would be lost. You can update it yourself and ask for it." It can be seen that Zhuge Liang is proficient in "Six Tao", and there is also an article on "The Art of War" in the "Guanzi" today. Since Zhuge Liang is proficient in these two books, he must be good at the art of war. Zhuge Liang was very strict in managing the army. History says: "The military formations were orderly, rewards and punishments were solemn, and orders were clear." This should also be related to his familiarity with Legalist books such as "Shen" and "Han". The Zhuge family is a sect of Confucianism, so naturally it has a family tradition. "Three Kingdoms". Pei's annotation of "The Biography of Zhuge Jin" quotes "Wu Shu": "Jin Shao traveled to the capital to govern Mao Shi, Shangshu, and Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals." Zhuge Jin already governed Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, so Zhuge Liang also did the same. You should have some knowledge. Although "Zuoshi Chunqiu" is called classics, it is also a book of history. Looking back at the article "On Guangwu" in "The Collected Works of Zhuge Liang", we can see that Zhuge Liang has a wealth of knowledge about history. It is possible to gain military knowledge from historical battles. As for Zhuge Liang's teachers, historical records include Sima Decao and Pang Degong. "Three Kingdoms". "Pang Tong Zhuan" Pei's annotation quoted "Xiangyang Ji": "Decao tried to create Degong, and when he was crossing the river to pay homage to his ancestors' tombs, Decao walked into his room and called Degong's wife to make millet quickly. "Xu Yuanzhi went to "There is a guest coming to see me and Mr. Pang." All his wives gathered in the hall to pay their respects, and after a while, Mr. Virtue returned and went straight to meet him. "It can be seen that neither of them is interested." Sticking to matters of etiquette and law, what Zhuge Liang and them learned must not be limited to Confucian classics. They also had other "general strategies for managing the world." Therefore, it is believed that Zhuge Liang also learned the art of war from the two of them. 2007-01-01 12:51:01 Supplement: There is a citation error in the article, there is no "Three Kingdoms." "The Biography of Liu Bei" is correct as "The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms." "The Biography of the First Lord". In response to the questioner, even the crossbow wood, cow and horse are all inventions. "Three Kingdoms". "The Biography of Zhuge Liang" has a very detailed description of the making of wooden cows and flowing horses. It is not something that an ordinary person can understand, and it cannot be figured out based on marching experience alone.

Thanks for the addition. Although it is still a bit unacceptable, it is enough and a good answer.

Well-deserved 2007-01-01 12:17:00 Supplement: Well-deserved

In fact, based on the people of the Three Kingdoms era and the troubled history before, None more so than the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period of the Later Zhou Dynasty. As a military strategist, you must study the legends of successful people and countries in troubled times at that time. In addition, different military techniques and different theories, such as Wu Qi, Sun Tzu's Art of War, and the defense of the city advocated by Mohism, will be looked at. The more you read and understand, the more useful it will be.

Moreover, in addition to practicing formations, the most important thing in the art of war is to understand the psychology, preferences, and preferences of the enemy generals... What you have seen many times in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is all about psychological warfare. For example: Xu Shu (Shan Fu) KOed Cao Ren when he appeared because he knew the art of war; Cao Cao's discord between Han Sui and Ma Chao was all psychological warfare; Zhuge Liang VS Cao Cao (when he was defeated in Chibi and escaped), it was clearly a psychological attack; Zhuge Liang VS "Slow" capture, 7 captures and 7 manipulations are all psychological warfare; in addition, as you said, what Mr. Shui Jing teaches is mostly about the general trend of the world and philosophical principles. In fact, the art of war is hardware, and the most important thing is the psychological quality and mental state of the person who uses the military. These are learned from philosophical principles. Of course, everyone's understanding is different. Maybe Zhuge Liang is famous because of his strength~~ I have read Sun Tzu's Art of War, and a lot of it talks about psychological warfare. When a person is familiar with each other and knows the other person's habits and orientation, it will naturally be easier to plan and manage. In fact, the Three Kingdoms era is just a period of history. Many wild queens were added by Luo Guanzhong and his descendants. For example, Cao Cao became a villain. In fact, Cao Cao was a very strong military strategist and poet. The Empty City Plan may be fake... So it is best to read the ancient version of the Three Kingdoms (of course it is the version written by people in the Jin Dynasty, but you should pay attention to how much he praises the Wei State and how little he criticizes it, because of the historical background)

Zhuge Liang’s clever plan came out Zhuge Liang once worshiped Mr. Shui Jing as his teacher when he was a child. One day, Mr. Shui Jing said to the students: "From now until three quarters noon, whoever can get my permission to leave Shui Jingzhuang can become a teacher." The other students tried their best but failed to persuade the teacher to let them leave. Zhuge Liang walked up to the teacher and said, "You deliberately created problems to harm us. I am no longer your student. Please return the three years of tuition to me!" The teacher was very angry when he saw that Zhuge Liang was so rude and presumptuous, and immediately ordered someone to drive him away. Deshui Jingzhuang. As soon as Zhuge Liang left Zhuangzi, he burst into laughter. He ran back to the school, knelt in front of the teacher and said, "I just said something rude just to get out of Zhuangzi. Please punish me." The teacher suddenly understood and immediately turned to anger.

When Zhuge Liang grew up, he became a famous strategist~!

Reference: chiculture/11041104b20/1104b20#

Zhuge Liang’s Deeds Zhuge Liang (181-234), alias Kong Ming, named Mr. Wolong, was from Yangdu, Langya County (now Yinan County, Shandong Province). During the Three Kingdoms period, he was a minister of Shu and a famous politician, strategist and diplomat. Early life Zhuge Liang was born in Yangdu, Langya County in 181. His mother Zhang died when he was 9 years old. When he was 12 years old, his father Zhuge Gui passed away. He was raised by his uncle Zhuge Xuan. When his uncle died in 197, Zhuge Liang and his younger brother Zhuge Jun moved to Nanyang County. The location is Wollongong, west of Nanyang City in present-day Henan; one theory is that it was in the west of Longzhong, Xiangfan City, Hubei Province, which may have belonged to Nanjun at that time. Although he was engaged in farming, he still had lofty ambitions. Compared with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, others often laughed at him. Only Cui Zhouping and Xu Shu, who were friendly with Zhuge Liang, believed that Zhuge Liang had such a talent. Zhuge Liang studied under Sima Hui, Pang Degong (uncle of Pang Tong) and other famous figures of the time, and married the daughter of the famous figure Huang Chengyan. Therefore, his military knowledge came from Sima Hui and Pang Degong

Zhuge Liang

Also known as Kong Ming

A famous politician during the Three Kingdoms period

Military strategist. Born on April 14, 181 AD

Died on August 28, 234 AD

He was 54 years old. Zhuge Liang was born in a small bureaucratic landlord family. His father, Zhuge Gui, served as the magistrate of Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. When Liang was young, his parents died one after another and he was raised by his uncle Zhuge Xuan. When he was fourteen years old, his brother Zhuge Jin fled to Jiangdong due to frequent wars in his hometown. He and his younger brother Zhuge Jun also left their hometown with their uncle and took refuge in Yuzhang (now Nanchang, Jiangxi Province). Later, they followed their uncle to Jingzhou to join Liu Biao. In the second year of Jian'an (197 AD), Xuan died of illness. The 17-year-old Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion, plowing acres of land in Longzhong (today's west of Xiangyang, Hubei Province), 20 miles west of Xiangyang City.

From then on, after farming, he read a lot of books, made close friends, studied the art of war, quietly observed the current situation, and thought deeply about political strategies. Although he lived in seclusion, he was highly regarded by the world for his erudition, foresight, and ambition, and was called "Wolong". In the 12th year of Jian'an

After repeated setbacks

He was thirsty for talents

Recommended by counselor Xu Shu

Braving the severe cold

Visit the thatched cottage three times

Visit Zhuge Liang. He frankly expressed his ambition to defeat the heroes, straighten the Han Dynasty, and unify the country. Seeing that Liu Bei was careless and sincere, Liang presented his long-planned strategy in Longzhong. Liu Bei said happily: "There is a hole in a solitary place, just like a fish in water." In order to repay Liu Bei's kindness, Zhuge Liang "came out" to assist Liu Bei. From then on, he entered the political arena. In his 27-year career as prime minister

"I have dedicated my life to death." July of the 13th year of Jian'an (208 years)

After Cao Cao basically unified the north

Command troops southward

Drive straight in

Directly at Liu Bei. Liu Bei was defeated at Changbanpo in Dangyang. Going down the river, I want to wipe out Jiangdong in one fell swoop. At this time, Sun Quan took a wait-and-see attitude. Zhuge Liang analyzed the serious situation at that time and advocated joining forces with Sun Quan to fight against Cao in order to achieve a great cause. He also went to Chaisang to meet Sun Quan in person, stated the pros and cons, and argued with the Confucian scholars. Sun Quan was impressed and formed an alliance on the spot. Immediately ordered Zhou Yu and others to lead 30,000 naval troops to join forces with Liu Bei to block Cao's army from Chibi. They used fire attacks to defeat Cao's army. This is the famous "Battle of Red Cliff" in history. Afterwards, Liang helped Liu Bei take advantage of the victory to capture Jingzhou and then take Yizhou. In the 26th year of Jian'an

Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei in proclaiming himself emperor in Chengdu

Officially established the Shu Han regime

Appointed himself as prime minister. The situation of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu was completely formed. In the third year of Zhang Shi (AD 223) Liu Bei died of illness. Before his death, he entrusted his son Liu Chan to Zhuge Liang. From then on, "political affairs, no matter how big or small, must be decided in the light of day". In terms of managing internal affairs, Zhuge Liang implemented many effective measures: reducing exploitation, implementing farming, restoring and developing agriculture; selecting talents and promoting talents, strengthening the legal system, and clarifying rewards and punishments: strict military discipline and never disturbing the people. In order to eliminate the barriers and conflicts with the ethnic minorities in the southern capitals, in the third year of Jianxing (225 AD)

Zhuge Liang personally led his army to conquer the south

The leader of the ethnic minority Meng Huo Qi Capture Qizong

Make his heart happy and sincerely repay him

Let him live in peace and harmony. More than five years after Jianxing (227 AD)

Zhuge Liang prepared to attack Cao Wei in the north to unify the country. Before leaving, he wrote a famous "departure list", requesting the emperor to allow him to "command the three armies and conquer the Central Plains in the north." Starting from the spring of the following year, Zhuge Liang successively led his army to attack Wei in five decisive battles and twice out of Qishan. The last time Xiegu sent troops, Wuzhangyuan, who was stationed on the south bank of the Wei River, held a stalemate with Wei general Sima Yi for more than a hundred days. In August of the twelfth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang finally died of illness in the Wuzhangyuan Army due to overwork. Later generations praised Zhuge Liang as the best "supporter and protector of danger". He "keeps himself upright and sets an example." "Xiangyang Ji" says: "After the death of the Liang Dynasty, everyone in the place asked for a temple to be built, but the court did not listen to the etiquette and order, so the people privately offered sacrifices to Daomo because of the season." "Huanshui Continued Talk" records: "Sichuan Valley All the people wear silk scarves, and it is said that he is the Duke of Zhuge. Those who live far away will never be removed." Even the hostile Wei general Sima Yi admired him and called him "a genius in the world." To commemorate this great politician and military figure, his descendants and family members have built "Wuhou Temple" and "Memorial Hall" in Hubei, Sichuan, Henan, Shandong, Zhejiang and other places where he lived and fought. , and at the same time, there is also a "Zhuge Liang Research Society" across the country.

Reference: .geocities/chugaliang123/