The class will hold activities with the theme of "the charm of lotus culture"

The scientific name of lotus is lotus, which belongs to the genus Nelumbo of Nymphaeaceae.

Lotus. It is one of the earliest angiosperms. According to the fossils studied by paleobotanists, lotus plants were distributed in many waters in the northern hemisphere10.35 billion years ago. At that time, in the late period of the rapid decline of the giant reptile dinosaur, it grew on the earth much earlier than the appearance of human ancestors (2 million years ago). According to the Paleobotany (1965) written by A.H. Christophevich of the former Soviet Union, lotus fossils were found in Cretaceous strata in the Arctic region of North America and the amur river Valley of Asia (i.e. Heilongjiang), and also in Oligocene and Miocene strata in Europe and East Asia (Sakhalin Island) and Japan. At that time, the temperature on the earth was warmer than it is now. There were about 10~ 12 species of lotus plants distributed in five continents. With the arrival of post-Ice Age, the global temperature dropped, which made many plants extinct, while others were forced to drift away, completely breaking the original geographical distribution. Because of this disaster, two species of lotus survived, and their distribution range narrowed. Chinese lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is distributed in Asia and northern Oceania, and drifted to Huang Lian in North America. Paleobotanists also pointed out that the lotus fossils excavated in Hokkaido and Kyoto from Pleistocene to Holocene (2 million years ago) are similar to modern China lotus; What are you doing in China? Fossils of lotus leaves from 100,000 years ago are similar to modern lotus flowers in China. In 1970s, China Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Planning, Ministry of Petrochemical Industry and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences recorded in the book "Early Tertiary Sporopollen in Coastal Areas of Bohai Sea" that two kinds of lotus pollen fossils were found in Panshan, Liaoning, Beidagang, Tianjin, Kenli, Guangrao, Shandong and Cangzhou, Hebei. Fossils of the genus Nelumbo were also found in the strata of Changchang Basin in Qiongshan, Hainan Island, China, in the Tertiary tropical phytogeographical region. At present, the original wild lotus is still distributed in lakes and swamps in Fuyuan, Hulin, Tongjiang and Shangzhi counties of Heilongjiang Province. The above shows that lotus is an ancient plant before the Ice Age, and it belongs to the representative of relict plant, such as Paeonia suffruticosa, Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron chinense in China and Sequoia sempervirens. They survived without being swallowed up by the glaciers of the Ice Age.

Water hibiscus is a lotus flower. Qunfangpu: "Lotus is also called hibiscus and water hibiscus." Because woody frost-resistant flowers are as bright as lotus flowers, they are called "hibiscus" and "Manglietia". In order to clarify their differences, they are also called water hibiscus. It's called frost-resistant hibiscus.

Grass, lotus and lotus. "Guangfang Qunpu" "Lotus: Lotus hibiscus, a hibiscus out of water." Note cloud: "Du Fu's poem notes cloud: those born on land are named hibiscus mutabilis, and those born in water are named hibiscus mutabilis."

Splash is a lotus flower. Also known as water bloom and ancient painting Tonghua. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica: The explanation of "lotus" is "lotus, lotus and water bloom". Song Zhuxi's poem "Gui Fu bought wine for Yanji on the white lotus marsh, and Yanji had a poem, which was given to all the friends at the table because of its rhyme": "Poor Bai Le" splashed clean and leaned over to cover himself with his cloak. ”"

Another name for water love. The "vegetation" in Pu Cuibao's Notes on Ancient and Modern Times: "A hibiscus is a flower, a Shui Mu, a Shuizhi and a Huashui." Compendium of Materia Medica: "In the classics, lotus seeds are called' the elixir of water'." Jin Yuanhao asked "Boating on Daming Lake": "It's cool in the evening and the water is dark. Jiang Fei does not hesitate to smell the water, and the autumn wind and autumn dew are chaotic. " Qiu Jin, the heroine of Jianhu Lake, wrote Dui Dui Qing Yun: "I'm so extravagant, I'm good at reciting Ci Fu and I'm good at being a bookworm. The turbidity current is pure, and the previous life is like water. "

Another name for the love of Ze. Lei Ju 82 quoted Guo Pu's Er Ya Tu Zan Fu Rong Zan as saying: "Fu Yung Lai is famous for its grass. . 。” Ancient and modern notes also contain lotus alias Zezhi. Liu Song Bao Zhao's "Fu of the Lotus": "The group of British people visited Cai, and the altitude was famous." Liu Song Yan Yanzhi's Ode to a Blue Lotus: "The lustre is gorgeous, and the water is wonderful." Liang Jiangyan's "Lotus Fu": "If its garden has different names and different roots and leaves, it is called lotus, and it is also called Zezhi." Another name for Cao Ling Lotus. Wei Caozhi's Fu on Furong: "Looking at the glory of Baihui, don't have the spirit of China." Wu Fu Xu: "There are hibiscus, which are planted in Nakagawa." Therefore, it is called "Cao Ling".

Another name for Yuhuan Lotus. "Materia Medica" contains: "Lotus is also called Yu."

Use of lotus:

Lotus is a thick rhizome of perennial aquatic plants in Nymphaeaceae, which is native to India and China. It has been cultivated in China for about 3,000 years, and has spread all over the north and south of China so far. It is a food with high carbohydrate and low fat. Besides protein, starch, vitamins, carotene and asparagine, it also contains alkaloids such as asparagine, amino acids, fenugreek, pyrocatechol and neochlorogenic acid. Lotus root is harvested in autumn, winter and early spring. It is as sweet as fat, white and pure, fresh and tender when eaten raw, and old and strong when cooked.

The effective components of lotus seeds can inhibit hemodynamics, myocardial contractility, slow down heart rate, dilate coronary arteries, relax blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and have anti-arrhythmia and anti-myocardial ischemia effects. ● Alkaloids in lotus seeds have anti-free radical effect. The experiment of ventricular blood cell aggregation proves that the lotus plumule decoction has therapeutic and preventive effects on this model. ● Lotus seeds have the functions of anti-aging and prolonging life. ● Lotus seeds contain lutein oxide, which can inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ● Alkaloids in lotus seeds have inhibitory activity on ADT enzyme on rat brain cell membrane.

Lotus leaf (lotus leaf) can clear away heat and detoxify; Rhizome node (lotus root node) can stop bleeding and remove blood stasis; Stamens (lotus roots) can strengthen kidney and astringent essence; The receptacle (Lotus House) can remove blood stasis and stop bleeding.

Lotus seeds are food suitable for all ages. According to the research of scientists, the carbohydrate content of dried lotus seeds is as high as 62%, and the protein content is as high as 16.6%. The contents of fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B 1, B2 and carotene are also quite rich. As a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, it has the effects of invigorating spleen and lung, nourishing heart, consolidating essence and tonifying deficiency, and is suitable for palpitation, insomnia, nocturnal emission, excessive leucorrhea and chronic diarrhea. Medical books contain "nourishing middle energizer" and "treating insomnia and dreaminess". Eating a bowl of lotus seed soup at night, or stewing lotus seed pig hearts, or cooking porridge with lotus seed glutinous rice can soothe the nerves and help sleep.

Application: During the Qin and Han Dynasties, ancestors used lotus as a tonic, and its medicinal use has been in China for more than 2,000 years. Lotus is a symbol of holiness and purity of Buddhism. Lotus leaves the dust, clean and flawless. Therefore, the people of China and most Buddhist believers take the noble quality of lotus as their motto, encouraging themselves to live a completely clean life. Lotus is the symbol and messenger of friendship. In ancient China, there was a tradition of sending plums in spring and picking lotus in autumn. Since ancient times, people in China have regarded lotus seeds as precious food, and they are still high-grade nourishing nutrition. Many places specialize in producing lotus seeds. Lotus root is the best vegetable and preserved fruit. Lotus leaves, lotus flowers and plums are also popular medicated foods in China. It can be seen that the diet culture of lotus is rich and colorful. Traditional lotus seed porridge, preserved lotus seed, lotus seed powder, lotus root slices with meat, steamed lotus leaf meat, lotus leaf porridge and so on are numerous. In China's flower culture, lotus is the most interesting object of flower-chanting poems and the theme of flower-and-bird painting. It is the most beautiful and colorful dance material; It is also the most commonly used and beautiful pattern decoration and modeling in all kinds of architectural decoration, sculpture technology and household appliances. Lotus is a famous traditional flower in China.

Lotus, also known as lotus, lotus, whip flower, water hibiscus, water lily, cloud water, water Dan, water bloom and so on. Western family and Yuhuan are its elegant names. The unopened buds are cymbals, and the blooming flowers are whipflowers. They belong to Nymphaeaceae and are perennial aquatic perennial herbs. Their underground stems are called lotus roots, which are edible and can bloom. It is one of the top ten famous flowers in China. It is the national flower of India.

Chinese scientific name: lotus

Latin scientific name: lotus

Nicknames: lotus, lotus, lotus, lotus in ancient times.

Field: the field of plants

Door: angiosperm door Mulan door

Class: Subclass Dicotyledonous Magnolia

Objective: protein of Alpinia.

Family: Nelumbo of Nelumbo.

Lotus: Lotus.

Type: lotus

Distribution: China.

plant morphology

Growing in water for many years. Herbs, whose roots are only as small as fingers at first, have a horizontal rhizome, which is the lotus root we eat every day. The leaves are round, exposed to the water, with long petioles and thorns, and grow in a shield shape. The flower at the top of the pedicel is solitary, with a diameter of10 ~ 20 cm; Eriocheir sinensis

The fifth block fell in early trading; Petals are mostly red, pink or white; Most of them are stamens; Carpels are many, free and embedded in sponge receptacle. Nuts are oval or oval, commonly known as lotus seeds, and are 1.5 ~ 2.5 cm long. It is widely planted in northern and southern provinces of China. Lotus is full of treasures. Lotus root, leaf, petiole, lotus whisker and rosette (receptacle) can be used as medicine to clear heat and stop bleeding. Lotus plumule (the germ of seeds) has the effects of clearing away heart fire, strengthening heart and lowering blood pressure; Lotus seeds (nuts) have the effects of strengthening the spleen, stopping diarrhea, nourishing the heart and benefiting the kidney. Lotus root can be used as a vegetable or to extract starch (lotus root powder). Lotus originally refers to its fruit, commonly known as lotus; Later flowers and fruits are often called lotus flowers. The hypertrophy of its underground stem is called lotus root. It is widely planted in the north and south of China, especially in Wuhan and Hangzhou. Lotus is one of the earliest species and genera of angiosperms. According to the fossils studied by paleobotanists, lotus plants were distributed in many waters in the northern hemisphere10.35 billion years ago. It grew on the earth much earlier than the appearance of human ancestors (2 million years ago). Lotus is an ancient plant before the Ice Age, which is as famous as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron chinense in China and Sequoia sempervirens. , is the representative of the residual plants that survived the ice age. [ 1]