Who are doing biogas projects in Jiangsu Province? Dear friends

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the major historical task of building a new socialist countryside. Production development, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean and tidy villages, and democratic management have become the key to the construction of a new socialist countryside. overall goal. A series of construction activities have been launched around Jiangsu around this overall goal.

As the first batch of circular economy pilot units in the country, Jiangsu has vigorously carried out the construction of rural biogas projects and achieved remarkable results by taking the development of circular agriculture as an entry point. As a green energy, biogas provides new opportunities for rural development and farmers' income increase. It will play a more significant role in the process of saving resources, developing ecological agriculture, preventing and controlling rural environmental pollution, and building a new socialist countryside. However, the current results of biogas project construction in Jiangsu are only tentative and are still facing obstacles such as insufficient publicity, insufficient investment, and outdated mechanisms. Governments at all levels need to take effective measures to vigorously promote it.

1. Development status

The construction of rural biogas projects organized by Jiangsu specifically includes three aspects: "one pool and three improvements" in rural areas (building biogas pools, improving toilets, and improving circles). , kitchen renovation) household biogas, large and medium-sized livestock and poultry farm biogas treatment and domestic sewage purification biogas pools.

At present, nearly 100,000 households have built rural "one pool, three improvements" household biogas projects in the province, of which 30,000 households were newly built in 2005, mainly distributed in five cities in northern Jiangsu and parts of central Jiangsu. Including those built in the 1970s and 1980s, the province's total household biogas digesters have reached 447,000 households. There are 128 biogas projects in large and medium-sized livestock and poultry farms, with a total tank capacity of 33,000 cubic meters, and an annual processing capacity of 1.49 million tons of livestock and poultry manure. Among them, there are 55 large-scale biogas projects with a tank capacity of more than 100 cubic meters, mainly distributed in Suzhou and Wuxi , Nanjing, Xuzhou and Lianyungang and other places. In addition, there are 17,900 village and town domestic sewage purification biogas projects built in the province, with a total pool capacity of 549,900 cubic meters, which can handle the domestic sewage of nearly 2 million people. They are mainly distributed in southern Jiangsu, Huai'an, Taizhou, etc. land.

Jiangsu’s biogas construction project adapts to the actual development requirements of Jiangsu and gives full play to its scientific and technological advantages. It is an important step in developing a circular economy, providing clean energy and improving the rural environment.

 1. Biogas is a clean and environmentally friendly energy suitable for Jiangsu’s rural resources and environment

The calorific value of biogas is quite high, generally 20934-25121 kJ/m3, and the maximum combustion temperature can be Reaching 1400℃, which is higher than the calorific value of city gas, it is a high-quality fuel. Biogas is a renewable and pollution-free energy source. As long as the sun and living things exist, biogas can be produced over and over again. Although trace amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide are toxic, they can be detoxified through oxidation and combustion, so producing biogas will not produce pollution. On the contrary, the source of infectious diseases - human and animal feces and urban organic waste, after anaerobic fermentation in biogas pools, The precipitation effect can kill germs and parasite eggs, effectively preventing disease transmission. Biogas raw materials come from a wide range of sources and can be obtained locally. Human and animal manure, crop straw, plant litter, sludge garbage, industrial waste containing organic matter, waste water, etc. can be used as fermentation raw materials for producing biogas. No special production is required. Under certain conditions, gas can be produced when the pool temperature is stable above 10°C. Jiangsu Province belongs to the subtropical and warm temperate zones, with an average annual temperature of 13℃-16℃. As long as you pay attention to the overwintering management of biogas digesters, gas can be produced all year round. The annual pig breeding volume in Jiangsu reaches about 50 million, and the poultry breeding volume reaches about 800 million, producing tens of thousands of tons of manure every year. At present, most of these feces cannot be effectively utilized, which not only loses a lot of valuable resources, but also causes serious pollution to the rural environment due to direct discharge. Through the construction of biogas projects, waste can be turned into treasure, a large amount of high-quality gas can be produced, instead of burning straw and coal, and the quality of life of farmers can be improved. A farmer builds an 8 cubic meter biogas digester, which can produce 300 cubic meters of biogas annually, which can basically meet the daily energy needs of a family of 4-5, saving about 300 yuan in fuel and electricity bills. The 100,000 biogas digesters that have been built in Jiangsu have not only improved the quality of life of farmers, but also saved a lot of energy expenses.

 2. Biogas projects contribute to ecological agriculture and rural environment construction

Biogas is not only a high-quality, efficient and clean fuel, but the biogas slurry and biogas residue produced also have a wide range of uses. use.

The fertilizer efficiency of biogas residue is more than three times that of ordinary farmyard manure, which can effectively promote crop production and improve product quality; biogas slurry can be used for fertilizing, cultivating fish and shrimp, and soaking seeds. By following the biological chain models of the farming industry such as "pig - marsh - fruit", "pig - marsh - fish", "pig - marsh - vegetables", the soil hardening caused by long-term use of chemical fertilizers has been improved. The organic fertilizer content has been significantly increased, rural water pollution has been effectively controlled, and the quality of agricultural products has been improved. It can be seen that biogas can not only solve rural energy problems, but also organically combine farmers' production, life, planting, and breeding to realize the utilization of agricultural resources. Regenerative value-added and multi-level utilization can improve the rural environment, guide farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich, create a good ecological environment, and drive sustainable development of the rural economy.

In order to benefit, Jiangsu stipulates that the construction of rural biogas projects must implement relevant national or industry standards. The "one pool, three reforms" model is uniformly adopted, requiring all localities to strictly follow these regulations and standards, conduct village-by-village research, household-by-household design, and unified construction, so that one can be built and used, and it can effectively improve farmers' lives and promote agricultural production.

2. Difficulties currently encountered in the development of biogas in Jiangsu

The development of biogas projects can not only provide clean energy, but also contribute to ecological agriculture and rural environment construction. Therefore, Jiangsu biogas The development momentum is good, but it is still in its infancy. Some of the 100,000 biogas pools that have been built are no longer in use due to disrepair. The tens of thousands of pools that are still in use are just sparks for tens of millions of farmers and have not yet started a prairie fire. At present, most biogas in Jiangsu is limited to self-use and is in the internal processing stage. Household access has not been achieved, and biogas projects have not yet become one of the rural infrastructure. The development of biogas in Jiangsu mainly faces the following difficulties.

 1. Farmers lack understanding of biogas technology

In the 1970s and 1980s, my country also launched an upsurge in building biogas in rural areas. The main purpose at that time was to solve the problem of fuel shortage. . Due to relatively backward technology, the purity of the biogas produced is not high and the combustion effect is poor. It cannot effectively meet the living needs of farmers and does not achieve the desired results. Moreover, due to the need to enter the fermentation tank when the biogas slurry is discharged, there are some cases of poisoning and death due to the hypoxic environment and farmers' weak safety awareness. After the climax, a large number of biogas digesters were abandoned and unused, resulting in a waste of human, financial and material resources. Now that biogas digesters are being rebuilt, most rural residents still have an understanding of the new biogas digesters at the original level and do not understand the new construction technology. , there are concerns. In addition, they don’t know much about the advantages of comprehensive utilization of biogas resources. Based on their past feelings, they are naturally not interested in new biogas construction projects. Some even have resistance and mistakenly think it is a new image project.

 2. There is a shortage of funds, and there are certain difficulties in comprehensive promotion.

The construction of biogas projects is one of the important contents of new rural construction. It is a project of popular support and enrichment of the people. The reason why it has not yet been fully promoted , Insufficient construction funds is one of the important reasons. The construction of a biogas digester costs about 2,000 yuan, which is a considerable expense for rural residents in northern Jiangsu. The government needs to support biogas construction projects as rural infrastructure projects. In 2004, Jiangsu obtained 8 million yuan for five cities in northern Jiangsu through the rural biogas national debt project. At the same time, Jiangsu also provided 8 million yuan through the small public welfare facility rural energy project to support the construction of biogas pools in pilot counties. However, the funds allocated to each pilot county are only 100,000 yuan. According to the subsidy standard of 1,000 yuan per household, a county can only build a maximum of 100 biogas digesters. At the same time, farmers in poverty-stricken areas have low self-financing capabilities and very little local supporting funds, making it difficult to implement the "one pool and three reforms" of capital constraints. For example, according to the current capital investment in Yancheng, it will take 20 years to reach a rural biogas penetration rate of 20%.

There is a shortage of construction funds, and special funds for training are even more stretched. The shortage of funds has affected the promotion and popularization of technology. For example, the simplest biogas tank has certain requirements for feeding and discharging materials. If the fermentation raw materials contain antibiotics, anthelmintics, pesticides and other substances, it will cause poisoning of biogas microorganisms and stop gas production. At the same time, if the fermentation liquid acidifies (below pH value 6.5) will also stop gas production.

Insufficient training affects the efficiency of biogas use.

For example, in the next five years, if 1 million new household biogas pools are built under the "one pool, three improvements" approach, and about 2,000 large, medium and small biogas pools are treated, a huge construction fund of 2.7 billion yuan will be needed. Such a huge demand for funds will severely restrict Jiangsu's biogas industry if it cannot receive heavy investment from the government.

 3. Post-service services cannot keep up

"Three points for pool construction, seven points for management", but most cities and counties tend to emphasize construction and neglect management, and technical services are not in place. . The construction workers of biogas digesters are highly mobile. Most of the young and middle-aged people in rural areas work in other places. The left-behind old people are slow to master new technologies and basically manage by feeling. They do not know how to deal with abnormal gas production or gas stoppage. When discharging large quantities of materials, the risk factor is greatly increased. At the same time, there are currently few supply points for biogas digester spare parts, which cannot meet the public's demand for timely replacement of spare parts.

3. Suggestions for further developing biogas

 1. Increase the publicity of rural biogas work and popularize rural biogas knowledge

Implement in biogas pilot cities and counties At that time, it was more difficult to carry out. Farmers lacked understanding of current biogas technology, and their thinking was still stuck in the 1970s and 1980s. To popularize it on a large scale, mobilization work was extremely difficult. To promote biogas construction in large areas, we should learn from the practices of pilot cities and counties and increase publicity efforts. Make full use of radio, television, wall charts, books, slides, and theatrical performances and other forms that are popular with farmers to disseminate biogas knowledge to farmers and deliver green wealth information. Leading farmers to visit and learn from biogas households, allowing farmers who have built biogas pools to speak out from their own experience, and allowing farmers who have not yet built biogas pools to deepen their understanding of biogas pools, will naturally create an inherent demand for biogas construction. Make full use of the demonstration role of biogas pilot counties and cities to achieve a point-to-point effect.  2. No longer limited to solving energy problems, we must use biogas to vigorously develop rural circular economy

With the development of agriculture With the development of production and the improvement of farmers' income levels, the problem of farmers' daily energy shortage has been alleviated to a certain extent. Solving the energy problem should not be the single goal of developing rural biogas. Utilize rural biogas, carry out comprehensive utilization of biogas slurry and biogas residue according to local conditions, develop circular economy, maximize the allocation efficiency of resources and environment, and combine the adjustment of agricultural production structure, increase farmers' income with the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution and the improvement of ecological environment. Combined, we can gradually realize the rationalization of agricultural industry structure, ecological technology, clean production and high-quality products. Only by promoting the sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy can we realize the sustainable development of rural biogas and make greater contributions to the construction of new countryside.

 3. Increase financial investment and coordinate fund management

Rural biogas is a public welfare undertaking that benefits the people. In view of the current shortage of funds, it only relies on the input of farmers who have not yet become wealthy. Obviously, it is beyond its capabilities, and the government needs to reform and optimize the agricultural investment system, increase financial investment, and coordinate fund management. In 2004, the government's financial support for agriculture reached 11.3 billion yuan. However, investment in agricultural projects was concentrated in different departments, and each department acted in a scattered manner, with inconsistent policies. For example, when farmers build biogas, multiple departments invest in funds, and in some places there are two adjacent villages. One village has subsidies for building biogas, but the other does not, which affects farmers' enthusiasm for developing biogas resources in the development of a circular economy. Biogas construction should be unified and managed by one department on the basis of unified planning, support funds should be unified, policies should be unified, and comprehensive promotion should be carried out.

 4. Strengthen basic management and provide tracking services

Large-scale promotion of rural biogas business requires a stable technical service team. The government should further increase team building and training, strengthen vocational skills training and identification, promote the vocational qualification certificate system, and ensure that construction technicians hold certificates to work. Relevant departments should track the status of the pilot projects in a timely manner, and study and solve problems that arise in a timely manner; they should strengthen management and daily maintenance of equipment, help farmers enhance their safety awareness, provide timely and thoughtful services to farmers in the construction and use of biogas, and ensure that biogas digesters perform as they should. utility. Effectively improve the quality of life of farmers, and avoid affecting the quality of farmers' daily lives due to insufficient services.

 5. The government leads the way and changes from government dominance to farmers’ consciousness

The construction of biogas projects is to do practical things and good things for farmers, but to be truly welcomed by farmers, we must change the past government dominance. The government builds and farmers watch. "One pool and three improvements" must be in line with the actual life and production of farmers. For example, farmers who do not raise livestock or poultry or whose breeding scale is too small are not suitable for building biogas digesters because they do not have stable manure resources. Farmers with insufficient rural labor resources are also not suitable for building biogas pools. If applications for construction are arbitrarily approved and subsidies given for the purpose of increasing the proportion of farmers in biogas digesters, the biogas digesters built will inevitably be abandoned. In the process of developing rural biogas industry, the government can only play the role of guide, support and service, but cannot take over all responsibility. Only by turning into the conscious needs of farmers can the rural biogas industry in Jiangsu prosper and make practical contributions to the construction of a new socialist countryside.