Who is the father of tires?

The "water" of truck-tire automobile manufacturing belongs to the "locomotive industry", because the invention of automobile more than 100 years ago gave birth to the development of a series of industries, especially the manufacture of automobile parts. However, among many automobile parts, one appeared earlier than the automobile itself, and that is "tire". Today, tires are still the most irreplaceable and important automobile parts. A car doesn't have to have an engine, it can be driven by an electric motor; But there is no car that doesn't need tires at present! On the other hand, if the engine suddenly breaks down during driving, the speed will just slow down; But if the tire is flat, it will be much more dangerous! There is an old saying: "Water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it." For cars, tires are equivalent to the importance of water to ships. The first car in the world was recognized as made in karl benz in 1885, although it was only a "tricycle"; Even if Daimler manufactured the first "four-wheel car" in 1886, it could not shake karl benz's position as the "father of cars". However, the acknowledged father of tires is not the first inventor of tires in the world. The appearance of the wheel has its origin. Some people even think that in the Stone Age, flintstones, a genius, cut the stone into a circle and put it on the axle, thus completing the prototype of "vehicle"; Although this idea may be influenced by flint, which is not close to historical facts, it can be confirmed from the records of ancient civilizations around the world that the wheel has a history of thousands of years. In these thousands of years, the solid round wooden wheel pulled out from the trunk has evolved into a circle surrounded by curved wooden strips, covered with steel wheels and supported by wooden spokes inside, thus increasing the diameter of the vehicle to obtain better comfort. At that time, the hard-core wheels and uneven roads "collided badly", and the results were not only bumpy, but also the wheels were easily damaged. No wonder emperors in China don't like riding in cars. People's feet are always the best shock absorbers. No wonder comfortable cars will be called "cars" in the future. Get down to business! It is said that the first tire in the world was invented in 1845, 40 years earlier than the automobile. The inventor is Robert W. Thomson, an engineer in Scotland. He not only developed the world's first pneumatic tire, but also successfully obtained a patent certificate issued by the British government. However, people who are at the forefront of the world usually have no good end. Although Robert W. Thomson invented the tire, he didn't get rich, and even the title of "the father of the tire" was taken away by Deng Lupu. Blame only blame the backward rubber manufacturing technology at that time. Although pneumatic tires can greatly improve comfort, they are easy to damage and leak. Coupled with the prevalence of trains at that time, the development of automobiles was delayed, and pneumatic tires with complex structure and high cost were also ignored. On the contrary, 1870 solid rubber tires, which also appeared in Britain, are much more reliable. Although the shock absorption effect is not so good, at least it is more comfortable than iron wheels, so it is widely used in large and small cars and bicycles. John boyd dunlop, known as the "father of tires", is Scottish like Robert Thomson, the inventor of tires, but he is not an engineer, but a veterinarian! I wonder if he referred to Thomson's design in the process of "reinventing" pneumatic tires? In short, in order to make his son's tricycle ride better, his "loving father" used a rubber pavilion as the tire body, covered it with canvas, connected the wheels and inflated it through a one-way valve. This design was patented by 1888 in Britain and 1890 in the United States. Dunlop tires were widely used by bicycle manufacturers in Britain and the United States, and Mr. Deng Lupu began to make a small profit. 1896, Mr. Dunlop further sold the company and the patent right together to support his life with money. The company named after him continued to operate. From 1923, Dunlop Tire became an American company. ● Another person with the qualification of "father of tires" is Charles Goodyear. If he hadn't invented rubber vulcanization technology, the tire industry wouldn't have become a climate. Natural rubber is made by cutting the rubber trunk growing in tropical areas, collecting milky juice, spreading it into leaves and drying it. Although natural rubber has its elasticity and its physical properties are extremely unstable in the natural state, it is hard and brittle in the cooling state and soft and sticky after heating, so it is not widely used. However, since Mr. Goodyear invented the "rubber vulcanization method" in 1839, rubber has become a material with sufficient hardness but flexibility, which can withstand a considerable degree of cold and hot tests, and the tire material has been completely fixed since then. Goodyear's rubber vulcanization method was patented in the United States on 1844, and this technology was licensed to many rubber manufacturers. However, the persistent Mr. Goodyear did not start a good life, because he used all his income to carry out many expensive experiments in an attempt to further improve rubber technology, and finally died in poverty. The Goodyear tire factory we know now is not directly related to Mr. Charles Goodyear, but a rubber company founded by Frank A. Seiberling on 1898 in East Akron, Ohio, USA, and named after Goodyear, which symbolizes the leading technology of rubber. Goodyear Company initially manufactured bicycle and carriage tires, fire hoses and other products, and developed the world's first off-road tire in 192 1. Goodyear has become the largest tire manufacturing company in the world on 1926, and the first tire made of nylon fiber in the world was also developed by Goodyear on 1947. In fact, Goodyear not only produces tires, but also is a leading spacecraft manufacturer. 1924, Goodyear bought the manufacturing right of led zeppelin, 1928 accepted the order from the US Navy, produced two spaceships, Macon and Akron, and even manufactured an advanced spaceship named Soul of Akron in 1987 to show its glorious history. ● Evolution of Automobile Tires The application of pneumatic tires in automobiles began at 1895. At that time, Edouward Michelin designed a pneumatic tire and put it on the car to participate in the Paris-Bourdous-Paris Competition. The game not only ended smoothly, but also achieved good results. Since then, there have been more and more examples of using pneumatic tires in cars! At first, the pneumatic tire for automobile still followed the design concept of Deng Lupu, and the carcass was composed of a single-layer inflatable rubber tube. This design can be applied to lightweight bicycles, but it is obviously not suitable for cars because of their increasing weight and speed. Single-layer inflatable hose tires can withstand limited air pressure and are easy to wear and leak. It was not until the early 1900 s that this problem was solved because of the invention of double-layer tires. Double tire is called "high pressure tire" because it can bear the pressure of 55~75psi. In addition to double-layer tires, the major breakthrough in tire technology during this period was the birth of reinforced tire lips and integrated tread; 190 1 year, Pirelli tire factory in Italy developed a kind of "recoil tire", which embedded a steel cable in the lip of the tire to solve the problem that the tire was easily separated from the rim. In addition, early pneumatic tires did not have the concept of tread design. At most, round rubber particles were stuck at the narrow inner tube joint of the tire to increase wear resistance. This design is not only easy to be punctured by foreign objects, but also easy to slip when driving on slippery slopes. It was not until Goodyear and Deng Lupu introduced all-weather double-layer pneumatic tires with diamond-shaped tread blocks in 1908 and 1909 respectively that the tire's grip was realized. ● In order to obtain sufficient tire strength and support, the number of rubber canvas layers of low-pressure tires has been increased to as many as six. However, with the development of experience and material technology, the United States invented the technology of embedding transverse steel wire twisted cord in the carcass, which not only has higher strength, but also reduces the number of rubber canvas layers, and the degree of heating after rolling is moderate. This technology spread from America to Europe during the First World War. Later, tire manufacturers found that reducing the tire pressure can not only support the weight of the car body, but also help improve the comfort, so 1922 appeared a "low-pressure tire" with a normal tire pressure of about 30~32psi. However, the more important change is the invention of tubeless tires. In fact, tubeless tires were patented by P. W. Litchfield as early as 1903, but it was not until 1948 that tubeless tires were fully developed. This is to add a layer of inner wheel body with excellent air tightness to the inner edge of the tire. Because the inner carcass will not be stretched and tightened by inflation like the inner tube, even if it is punctured, the hole will not become bigger and air will be released. /kloc-man-made fibers were invented in the 1920s, and 1938 was used in tire manufacturing. It was World War II. On the one hand, the invention of synthetic rubber completely changed the basic materials of tires. On the other hand, nylon fibers, which are harder, more elastic and easier to stretch than rayon fibers, have also begun to be used in tires. Followed by polyester cord fabric (polyester cord fabric). Another important milestone affecting the development of tires is the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Law passed by the US Congress in 1966, which stipulates the most basic standards of tire heat resistance, trackability and wear resistance, and requires tire manufacturers to mark the allowable speed grade on the tire wall from 1979.