How to formulate the company's safety concept, is there a model?

Ten Safety Management Theories of DuPont Company

1. All accidents can be prevented. From the top to the grassroots, we should have such an idea and take all possible measures to prevent and control accidents.

2. Managers at all levels should be responsible for their own safety. Because safety includes every level of the company, every corner and every employee's trivial matter, only the top management of the company is responsible for the safety of its jurisdiction, while the subordinates are responsible for their own safety, the workshop director is responsible for the safety of the workshop, and the production team leader is responsible for the safety of its jurisdiction until the team leader is responsible for the safety of employees, and everyone is responsible for the safety of every level and corner. No matter how strong the security department is, its personnel are limited, so it is impossible to go deep into every corner and place and supervise it 24 hours a day. Therefore, safety must be the responsibility of every employee from the top to all management levels. The security department provides strong technical support, each employee is only responsible for himself, and each employee is an element of each unit. Enterprises are made up of employees, each employee and team leader is responsible for safety, and only someone is responsible for safety. Finally let the president have confidence that I am in charge of enterprise security, otherwise both the president and the president will be responsible. This is the direct responsibility system, that is, employees are responsible for the safety of their respective fields, which is a very important concept.

3. All hidden dangers of safe operation can be controlled. All hidden dangers in the process of safe production should be put into, managed and controlled in a planned way.

Safety is a condition for employees. It is clearly stipulated in the contract between employees and DuPont that they can be dismissed at any time as long as they violate the safety operation rules. From the first day of work, every employee realized that this company is about safety and combined safety management with personnel management.

5. Employees must receive strict safety training. In order to make employees safe and require employees to operate safely, strict safety training is necessary. To conduct safety training for all operations as far as possible, please ask the safety department to cooperate with the production department to find out what safety training this department needs.

6. Supervisors at all levels must carry out safety inspection. This inspection is positive and encouraging. It focuses on collecting data and understanding information, and then finding and solving problems. For example, discovering employees' unsafe behaviors is not a criticism, but an analysis of good aspects first, and then through conversation, we can understand why employees do this and analyze the responsibilities of leaders. The purpose of doing this is to close the distance and let employees tell their inner thoughts, why they have such unsafe actions and know the real reasons. This narrows the distance between management and employees, and encourages employees to reflect their safety ideas to senior managers through various channels. Only by understanding the following unsafe behaviors and factors can we plan and rectify the safety management of the whole enterprise. If you don't know this information, there is no pertinence in grasping safety management and you don't know what to grasp. Of course, the security department should also pay attention to safety, focusing on checking whether subordinates and managers at the same level have paid attention to safety and how effective it is, and evaluating the management of these people, so that senior managers can know how much this person attaches importance to safety in this position and provide information for management. These are two different levels of inspection.

7, found that the security risks must be corrected in time. Security inspection will find many hidden dangers. It is necessary to analyze the causes of hidden dangers, which can be solved on the spot, which need to be solved by managers at all levels and which need to be solved hard. It is important to sort out and classify the hidden dangers found, and understand what are the main hidden dangers in this department, how long it will take to solve them, how much risk they will cause and what needs to be solved immediately. What do you need to invest? Only when safety management is really implemented can there be a goal, which is the real significance of timely rectification of all hidden dangers found.

8. Safety outside work is as important as safety at work.

9. Good safety is a good business. This is a strategic idea. How to treat safety investment? If safety investment is equally important to business development, it will not be said that it is a cost, but a business. This is a concept in theory, but it is also very important in practice, otherwise the enterprise will always operate in high risk.

10, the direct participation of employees is the key. Without the direct participation of employees, safety is a fantasy, because safety is the business of every employee. Without the participation of every employee, the safety of the company cannot be implemented.

Dupont's core values are, first, to be kind to employees, second, to require employees to abide by professional ethics, and third, to regard safety and environment as core values. Why can DuPont survive for 200 years and become a top 300 enterprise in the world? It is these core values that ensure the future development and survival of enterprises.

DuPont's safety performance and achievements, since the concept of "all safety accidents can be prevented" was put forward, DuPont's safety performance, with 2 million working hours, is 30 to 40 times better than the American average. The safety record of DuPont's factories around the world, many enterprises are 20 years, and there have been no accidents for more than 30 years. The accident was sick leave for more than one day, including Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province provinces. Shenzhen Company is the first DuPont company in China, and there has been no safety accident since 15. This example is to illustrate that many people in China believe that the different performance of China and the United States in safety performance is due to different cultural backgrounds, with westerners having higher cultural quality and orientals having lower quality. However, according to DuPont's experience in the world, this theory is incorrect. As long as we pay attention to it and take effective actions, we will take practical actions. The key is what methods, systems and incentive mechanisms we adopt to encourage employees to participate. Cultural background is not the key, because it can be changed and integrated.

In 200 1 year, 80% of DuPont's 267 factories and departments in the world had no accidents on working days (sick leave for one day or more), 50% of them had no work-related injury records, and 20% of them had no work-related injury records for more than1year. In more than 70 countries, 79,000 employees have created an output value of $25 billion, and their safety performance is very good, which is rated as the best in the United States.

Three, DuPont safety management organization and responsibility

Dupont has production management, from the president to the production department and service department, which are directly responsible for safety. Dupont also has a vice president of security. He pays attention to safety, but he is irresponsible for safety. He is responsible for the construction of the safety professional team of the whole company and the safety of the departments under his direct jurisdiction, because from a certain point of view, the safety department is also a department of the company's production, and he is responsible for the safety of this department. He provided a strong guarantee for safety, which is a direct leadership responsibility.

1. The company has a safety management resource center and an environmental protection center with more than 50 experts. If it is not enough, you can hire a professor from a university. The security organization of the Central News Agency has a good network relationship. In case of security problems, you can get good technical support. It is a deployment center, which connects DuPont security department with all security personnel in factories around the world to form a network and provide technical support for factories around the world. If there is a problem somewhere, you can ask for help through the internet. The network has spread this problem to the whole world, and someone can always solve it. The expert group has limited personnel and knowledge. If it can't be solved, the problem will be passed on to the university, and the research department will ask for support and finally be solved. This is the role of deployment. The second is technical safety management, which formulates internal safety management and requirements to solve problems for local security personnel. Third, study and formulate various safety training plans to provide guidance for senior managers, local managers and technicians to carry out effective safety training. The fourth is to formulate and maintain the SHE monitoring system and indicators, including the second-party safety audit, to supervise and evaluate the safety performance of each region, instead of simply relying on the following reports and materials for safety audit, and evaluating the safety performance of subordinates according to the reports, so as to facilitate promotion and promotion.

2. The responsibility of security personnel in various regions and factories is the concept of security consultant. Security personnel from a higher perspective, combined with the specific situation of the factory, help the factory director understand laws and regulations, understand the safety requirements of superiors, put forward security plans, and provide security plans, ideas and support. At the same time, they are also safety consultants, who help factory safety technology, or SHE coordinators and commentators.

3. The responsibilities of each production department, production management personnel at all levels should be responsible for safety, directly participate in safety management, and regard safety management as a part of normal business work. When considering production development, enterprise development and quality requirements of produced products, safety work is one of them. Considering quality, cost and safety at the same time, safety is a part of daily management. Some projects say that quality comes first and safety comes first. What is the first? I don't know. There are many firsts, but there is no first. It is necessary to combine safety work with planning, product quality and efficiency. Safety is part of the job. To do this, we should take safety as a business. Foreign companies rarely talk about safety first. However, they will think that safety is as important as other jobs, so to do this, they must directly participate in management. Second, every manager should be responsible for his employees. For example, the workshop director is responsible for the employees, which is not only responsible for the employees under his jurisdiction, but also responsible for the employees under his jurisdiction. People from other departments come here to work, guests come here, and superior departments come to inspect. As long as they are within the scope of responsibility, safety is my responsibility, which is also responsible to the superior. Only the workshop director is responsible for the workshop can the factory director be responsible for the whole factory. If the workshop director is not responsible, how can the factory director be responsible? Only when employees are responsible for the team leader, the team leader is responsible for the workshop director, the workshop director is responsible for the factory director, the factory director is responsible for the regional manager, and the regional manager is responsible for the president of the head office, can someone really be called responsible for safety. Safety is the lowest level, and it really needs the attention of leaders and the participation of all staff. To do this, every manager should establish a long-term security goal and know what security problems and hidden dangers exist in my department and when to solve them. Without knowing these problems, it is impossible to attach importance to and grasp safety. Once you know the problem and set the goal, in the process of achieving the goal, there will be a specific plan, and there will be a development and implementation plan. After the standards are in place, you should monitor the results against the targets. Don't close the door until the end of the year. It is necessary to conduct self-examination and self-correction to see how much the plan has been implemented after three months, how big the gap is after six months, whether it has been implemented after six months and why it has not been implemented. To this end, many concrete measures should be taken.

Fourthly, DuPont's safety management system.

Dupont's safety management system is divided into several parts: first, behavioral safety, that is, the safe behavior and performance of employees, should be managed. The second is process safety and how to manage equipment. The purpose is to protect the environment and the health of employees. The whole thing is to be responsible for customers, employees, shareholders, the company's overall business development and provide guarantee for the company's business development.

(1), employee behavior safety management. It is necessary to find and put an end to unsafe behaviors, understand such behaviors, conduct safety inspections, and tell employees what the risks are. To this end, we must do the following: First, it is clear that the management has promised, and the leaders must do it even if they do not promise. No one cares about such behavior, which will always happen. Second, DuPont has ten basic theories to guarantee practical policies. Third, there must be a comprehensive security organization, from employees to management at all levels. The fourth is a challenging security goal. Fifth, line management responsibility, managers at all levels are responsible for safety at all levels. Sixth, there must be strict standards and incentive plans, and employees should be encouraged in many cases. Seventh, effective two-way communication; Eighth, continuous training; Nine is effective inspection; Ten is a capable security professional who can provide solutions quickly and help solve problems; Eleven is accident investigation. Once an accident happens, it must be investigated to prevent the accident from happening again. If there is something wrong with the system, it is necessary to improve it. If the real cause cannot be found, the cause of the next accident may be that there is no accident. These are the twelve main factors of safety management.

(2) Cause analysis of safety accidents. In the practice of DuPont, more than 90% of accidents are caused by human factors (under the premise that the intrinsic safety of production system has been highly improved, unsafe behavior has become the main contradiction. Author Press), and more than 80% of accidents in China are caused by human factors. If we unilaterally emphasize investment and eliminate all hidden dangers in the process, only 20% of the hidden dangers of accidents can be solved. It is impossible to achieve zero accidents without arresting people. Investment is very important, but we should also pay attention to the management of employees' safety behavior. Behavioral safety focuses on the safety awareness of people and employees, and various unsafe behaviors, such as not using labor protection articles, reflecting accidents, being in a dangerous position, using improper tools, and chaotic workplace, all of which are the causes of accidents. These reasons are human behavior, not technology. 90% of DuPont's accidents are caused by human factors. Due to large investment and relatively qualified technical equipment, 80% of accidents in China are caused by human beings. If people are not arrested (from management to employees), it will never be possible to put an end to accidents.

Safety accidents have iceberg theory. Floating on the sea are safety accidents, such as deaths, work-related injuries, medical incidents and work-related injuries, which can be seen. At the bottom of the sea, it is invisible, which is the deep-seated reason supporting these accidents. These unsafe behaviors under the sea, unsafe environment and the factors behind them are not easy to see. If we catch the accident, find the cause and solve the accident, we will solve the problem. However, the fundamental behavioral factors have not been solved, and new accidents will occur until enough accidents are solved bit by bit. Because the accident came out and was solved, most of them were under the sea, very deep. On the other hand, if we can't solve the problem of safe behavior, the iceberg will naturally sink. None of these have caused accidents or losses, so safety management is to find these unsafe behaviors until they are eliminated to zero, which is the theory of safety behavior management. Our focus is on discovering unsafe behaviors, re-educating behaviors and systematically managing behaviors. This is called "nip in the bud".

(3) Process safety management. Some equipment may not be human factors, but design problems. Due to improper design, an accident occurred as soon as the construction started. How to carry out process safety management? Leadership commitment is the most important, and leaders should promise to carry out process safety management. Then there are three aspects, one is technology, the other is equipment, and the other is personnel.

First of all, from a technical point of view. After buying the equipment, there is a lot of process information, which is concerned. Many people read the operating instructions, technical data and skip the safety data. They don't know the safety information of this process and this equipment at all. In fact, the safety instructions are not written in vain. In order to know the process safety information, it is necessary to analyze the process safety hazards. Where is the risk of such a process and technology, which link is the most risky, and what problems will occur with this risk? We should analyze them carefully, control the operating procedures on this basis, and let employees know why they do it. In addition, when carrying out technical transformation, it is necessary to have control, why technical transformation should be carried out, and what kind of security risks will be produced after technical transformation, and technicians should do it. This is the control of process safety technology, and a strong safety team is needed to guide technicians to carry out safety work, considering safety.

Second, in terms of equipment, you must have quality assurance when buying equipment. The same equipment will have different prices. When you buy that, you must consider the quality, and you must analyze it from the perspective of quality and decide which one to buy. Once the equipment is updated, quality analysis must be carried out. Pre-startup safety audit is required. Many accidents occur when the equipment is newly started, so the pre-start should be analyzed strictly step by step, and a detailed safety working procedure should be formed before the pre-start to ensure the safe operation of the equipment. Only in this way can we know who can be in this position and who can't. We must also ensure the mechanical integrity of the equipment. A piece of equipment100000, and I only have 800000. Environmental protection and safety, which part of the cost can be cut? What are the risks after cutting? The staff should put the risk report in front of the decision maker, and there is also a management of equipment changes. If the imported equipment is gone and becomes domestic equipment, the risks arising from it must be evaluated and replaced by someone. These are all down-to-earth technical activities of technical management, and there should be security personnel.

Third, personnel factors. First of all, there should be training, grasp the training effect and ensure that employees already know how to do it. To be managed by the contractor, the contractor is responsible for a lot of equipment and is responsible for the safety of the contractor. It is necessary to think that the contractor's safety accident is my safety accident because he works within my jurisdiction. Not only is my safety accident goal zero, but his safety accident should also be controlled, and his safety is also part of my responsibility. There must also be personnel change management. If this position needs five people, what if we are short of two now? In addition to the normal staff, there must be substitutes, who can be educated and trained at ordinary times and supplemented when necessary, otherwise it may be these people who have an accident. Old workers have worked for so many years, and it is not easy to have accidents, but temporary workers may have accidents, so a certain proportion of replacement personnel should be considered for each position, and they can be replaced once there are insufficient personnel. There should be an emergency plan and response. Safety analysis should be carried out for each job. In the event of an accident, how to control and manage it, small accidents with small causes, response will not lead to major accidents, and incorrect response will lead to major accidents, many of which are safety response issues. So every post should be analyzed. This emergency plan is not only a matter for the company, but also a matter for each position. Recently, a management accident happened because a small hole leaked natural gas and the whole city nearby started. If there is a good emergency plan, a wall will do. There is also audit, which is an effective security check. There is also accident investigation, which is a process safety management system.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) management costs and benefits of DuPont company

1. Economic analysis of safety accidents. When it comes to safety, what do you think of, money or income? There will be losses when a safety accident occurs. And the cost is also an iceberg effect. We can see that the annual security loss in the United States is around 70 billion. However, safety accidents involve all aspects, and the intangible indirect losses are even greater. Indirect losses are three to five times that of direct losses. We have controlled the safety accidents, that is, these costs.

The second one has a great influence. Once an accident happens, it will have an impact on employees and customers, on stocks and on the company's image. It may lead to business interruption, being punished for violating the law, being liable for compensation, being sued, rebuilding the factory, having an impact on the company's reputation and market capital, and even bankruptcy of the company, and having the responsibility of leadership. These are the effects of the accident.

2. The value of safety management. The accident was stopped. First of all, life was saved. Every day, 16 people in the United States die from work-related injuries, including occupational diseases and work-related injuries. In China, last year's statistics showed that there were more than 460 people every day, and the value of safety accident management was first reflected in life. Followed by the economy. The loss of each accident in the United States is $28,000, and the indirect loss is three to five times. DuPont's safety management performance is 65,438+0.5 per million hours, and the industrial accident rate is 9.5 in the engineering industry and 65,438+0.4 in the whole American industry. Dupont has 28 accidents that damage work every year, resulting in a direct loss of about $7.8 million. Compared with the average level of American chemical industry, it saves $35 million a year and $654.38+000 billion a year compared with the average level of American whole industry.

Dupont's property is not insured. It thinks I can insure my property myself, so I pay special attention to safety. It uses the money saved as a security investment. We can calculate the losses caused by safety accidents in our oil company in the past five years. If the status quo is maintained, it means that there will be such investment in the next five years. If this money is invested in safety, in the long run, the cost will not increase, that is, the use will be different, but it will get a lot of money and save lives, and the company will have a good reputation in the market, especially now that China is going global, which has a decisive impact on safety and the environment. Therefore, if we want to calculate the investment in safety, we should not be limited to how much money is invested. We should think about how many losses have been caused by safety accidents in the past. If we invest this money in safety, it will produce honor, credibility and life value.

Establishment of safety culture of intransitive verb DuPont

1, the role of safety culture, safety is the respect for people's lives through your behavior, it is humanized management, people-oriented, there is no "I", no matter how great the economic benefits, it is meaningless to "I". The role of safety culture is considerable, and the behavior of cultural leaders, behavior-oriented attitudes and attitudes determine the consequences. Establishing enterprise safety culture is to let employees work in a safe environment and change their attitudes and behaviors. Behavior change is safety, and the company will operate safely.

What should safety culture do? If you want to change the behavior of employees, you must first change the safety culture. Therefore, it is necessary to know what dominates the behavior of employees in corporate culture, and these behaviors are not desirable. To make employees successful, you need to know what factors to add. Is to understand which factors are important and which factors are not. We also need to know what factors are missing. Joining the enterprise is the perfection of the elements of corporate culture construction and the consolidation and development of corporate culture construction.

How to change the safety culture? The role of corporate culture is to change or influence employees' attitudes, behaviors, consequences and performances, and employees' behaviors are influenced by corporate safety culture. If there is no safety culture in the enterprise, employees will show no.

The consequence of safe behavior is insecurity. Culture also has an indirect influence. The attitude of employees affects the facts of the accident. When a safety accident happens, employees think it is wrong and will change their behavior. This also shows that employees' behavior is influenced by safety culture. The difference is that one is positive guidance and the other is the influence of the past. Therefore, we need to establish a safety culture to drive employees' behavior, and enterprise safety culture should provide long-term and continuous behavior safety education for employees.

Changing employees' behavior is not a day or two, but a long-term plan. It is a process of constant self-discovery and repeated education, so that employees can realize the influence of their unsafe behaviors and unsafe attitudes on enterprises, change their attitudes and values in self-discovery, and finally change their behaviors.

2. The process of establishing DuPont safety culture has four stages: natural instinct stage, strict supervision stage, independent management stage and team management stage. This is a typical summary of safety culture theory.

In the first stage of natural instinct, enterprises and employees' concern for safety is only a response to natural instinct protection, lacking the participation of senior managers, and the safety commitment is only verbal. They entrust the responsibility to the safety manager, rely on human instinct, and take obedience as the purpose. If they don't comply with the safety regulations, they will be fined, so they have to abide by them. In this case, the accident rate is very high, and it is impossible to reduce accidents, because there is no management system and no safety culture training for employees.

In the second stage of strict supervision, the enterprise has established necessary safety systems and rules and regulations, and management at all levels know that safety is their responsibility and make a commitment to safety. However, under the condition that employees' consciousness has not changed, it is still passive and mandatory supervision and management, without paying attention to the cultivation of employees' safety awareness, and employees are in a subordinate and passive state. From this stage, the management has promised to train employees with supervision, control and goals, and safety has become a condition for employment. However, if employees implement rules and regulations for fear of discipline and punishment, it is unconscious. At this stage, depending on strict supervision, safety performance will be greatly improved, but to achieve zero accidents, employees' awareness is still lacking.

In the third stage of self-management, the enterprise has established a good safety management system, and all levels of management are responsible for safety. Employees have a good sense of safety, and they are well aware of the safety hazards at every level they do. Employees have acquired safety knowledge, they have made a commitment to safety and produced according to the standards of rules and regulations. Safety awareness goes deep into employees' hearts and regards safety as a part of themselves. In fact, safety is not only for enterprises, but also for self-protection, family members and their own future. Some people think that this concept is too conscious and not professional enough. Of course, when the country needs it, we still have to have a sense of the country. But when it comes to safety, we should think so. If every employee thinks so and does so, every employee is safe, can the enterprise be unsafe? Safety education should emphasize its own value, and don't talk about everything for the company.

In the fourth stage, at the management level of the mutual aid team, employees not only pay attention to their own safety, but also help others observe safety, pay attention to others, impart knowledge to new colleagues, and realize the enjoyment of the experience.

3. Change the key elements of safety culture. How to establish a first-class safety culture is important. Employees should pay attention to safety. Top management should first take the initiative, promise and establish a safety culture of zero accidents, attach importance to manpower, material resources and financial resources in their work, change their strategic thinking and attach importance to safety ideologically. To embody inductive leadership, there must be strong personal participation and advanced indicators of safety management. If this indicator is not reached, it means that an accident has occurred. Don't take the indicator after the accident as an indicator. There must be a strong professional safety officer and safety technical support, direct participation of employees, employee training, and every employee participates in safety management to achieve zero accidents. It is necessary to change from result-oriented to process-oriented and attach importance to accident investigation. Don't wait for something to happen, pay attention to it in a few years, then pay attention to it, and then waver. It is necessary to change from management-driven to employee-driven, from individual behavior to teamwork, from intermittent method to systematic method, from fault detection to fact finding, from post-employment reaction to pre-employment reaction, from rapid solution to continuous improvement. You need to evaluate your own situation, so that the management can manage, evaluate the current situation, know where to improve and keep improving. This is the process of safety culture development. The level of security to be achieved depends on the action of expressing desire, and the heart will go with it. (Anhuan Quality Management Department)