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Hengyang City 2008 Junior High School Graduation Examination Physics Paper

Attention to Candidates: This subject paper has four major questions , the full score is 100 points, and the test time is 90 minutes. The fourth major question requires writing necessary text descriptions, formulas and important calculation steps. Those who only write the final answer will not be awarded points. The physical quantities required to be answered in each question must be written with numerical values ??and units. Those who only write numerical values ??without units will not be awarded points.

In this test paper, g=10N/kg is taken.

1. This question consists of 12 questions. Each question is worth 2 points, totaling 24 points. Of the four options given in each question, only one is correct. Fill in the number of the correct answer into the designated position in the answer form below. Each correct answer is worth 2 points, and an incorrect answer or no answer is worth 0 points.

Question number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Answer

1. Among the following data, the one closest to the actual situation is ( )

A. The length of an ordinary pencil is about 40cm B. The mass of an egg is about 50kg

C. A normal person's pulse is about 70 beats per second D. When a middle school student stands, the pressure on the ground is about 450N

2. China is one of the few countries that has mastered aerial refueling technology. As shown in the picture, the third-generation fighter "J-10" independently developed by my country is refueling in the air. If you choose which of the following objects is used as a reference, you can think that the tanker is moving ( )

A. "J-L0" fighter B. Houses on the ground

C. Pilot in tanker D. The pilot in the "J-L0" fighter jet

3. The correct statement in the description of the following four pictures is ( )

A, B, two, D

A. In Picture A, transparent walls on both sides of some urban road sections can reduce noise pollution

B. In picture B, the harder you hit the drum, the higher the pitch of the sound.

C. In picture C, as the air is continuously pumped outward, the ringtone of the mobile phone that is sounding is getting louder and louder

D. In the Ding picture, the player changes the loudness of the sound by changing the pressing position of the fingers on the string

4. In reality, many of people's activities and practices are related to the physics knowledge we have learned. Which of the following examples involving pressure and buoyancy is incorrect ( )

A. The ability to suck drinks into your mouth with a straw is actually due to the strong atmospheric pressure

B. If a stone is thrown into the river, it will sink to the bottom, which means that the stone is not buoyant in the water

C. Food cooked in a pressure cooker cooks faster because the increased air pressure in the pot causes the boiling point of the liquid (water in the pot) to rise

D. The dam embankment is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom because the pressure of the liquid (water in the dam) increases with depth

5. When conducting experiments or related device work as shown in the figure below, the energy conversion from mechanical energy to internal energy is ( )

A B C D

6. Balances, scales, thermometers, Voltmeter is a basic measuring instrument commonly used in our experiments. The following four pictures show the operation and use of these four instruments by some students. The incorrect one is ()

Adjust the balance to balance the beam. Observe the length of the object being measured. Measure the temperature of the water. Measure the voltage between the two poles of the battery.

A B C D

7． There are currently 8 kinds of materials: plastic, glass, iron, salt water, rubber, charcoal, ceramics, and wet wood. Xiaoli divides them into two categories, as shown in the table below.

Then she classifies substances according to which physical properties they have ( )

The first category and the second category

Plastic, glass, rubber, ceramic salt water, charcoal, iron, wet Wood

A. Density b. Magnetism c. ConductivityD. Specific heat capacity

8. The picture on the right is the National Aquatics Center built for the 2008 Beijing Olympics

The "Water Cube" has a transparent film "coat" dotted with countless white

bright spots, which are called "Plating point". The Beijing Olympics was held in the middle of summer. The "plated dots" could change the direction of the light and block the light outside the venue. The main effect of "plated spots" on external sunlight is ( )

A. Reflect sunlight and follow the law of light reflection B. Reflecting sunlight does not follow the law of light reflection

C. Refracting sunlight does not follow the law of refraction of light D. Refracts sunlight and does not follow the law of refraction of light

9. "Energy and environment" are issues faced by all countries around the world. Pilot projects for building a "resource-saving" and "environment-friendly" society are ongoing across our country. Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan are pilot cities in our province. Protecting the environment and saving energy must start with me. The following statements need to be corrected ( )

A. Develop the habit of turning off faucets and lights promptly after people leave

B. Use solar water heaters instead of electric water heaters as much as possible

C. Put household garbage and waste batteries together in a timely manner and throw them into the trash can

D. Flush the toilet with washing water and send waste newspapers, wine bottles, etc. to the waste collection station

10. "New materials" are relative to traditional materials, and the use of new materials is playing an increasingly important role in promoting social progress. Which of the following descriptions of "new materials" is wrong ( )

A. "Superconducting materials", "semiconductor materials" and "nano materials" are all new materials

B. "Superconducting materials" can be applied to any electrical appliance at room temperature and improve its efficiency

C. "Nanomaterials" refer to materials whose geometric dimensions reach the nanoscale and have special properties

D. "Semiconductor materials" are widely used in components and chips of mobile phones, televisions, and computers

11. There are a row of iron rods as thick as a bowl and about 2 meters high (as shown in the picture) inserted on both sides of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway roadbed. We call them hot rods. The hot rod is still buried 5 meters deep under the roadbed. The entire rod body is hollow and contains an appropriate amount of liquid ammonia. The working principle of the hot rod is very simple: when the roadbed temperature rises, the liquid ammonia is heated ①, rises to the upper end of the hot rod, conducts heat to the air through the heat sink, and the gaseous ammonia is cooled ② and becomes liquid ammonia, which sinks again The bottom of the stick. In this way, the hot rod acts as a natural "cooling machine." This is one of the many innovations and inventions made by our country's scientific and technological workers to solve the problem of "thousand-year frozen soil". What is the name of the change of state of matter in the space in the text ( )

A. ① Vaporization ② Liquefaction B. ①Liquefaction ②Vaporization C. ① Sublimation ② Liquefaction D． ①Sublimation ②Condensation

12. As shown in the circuit on the right, when the switch S is closed, the voltage meter V does not change. The changes in the readings of ammeters A1 and A2 are ( )

A. A1 becomes larger and A2 remains unchanged B. A1 remains unchanged and A2 becomes smaller

C. A1 remains unchanged and A2 remains unchanged D. A1 becomes larger and A2 becomes smaller

2. This question consists of 10 questions, each question is worth 2 points, and the total is 20 points. Fill in the blank spaces with your answers. You are not required to write down the solution process.

13. Danish physicist Oersted first discovered the existence of ________ around electric current, and British physicist Faraday first discovered that when a part of a conductor in a closed circuit moves _______________, an induced current will be generated in the conductor.

0 7 5 l 6

0 8 4 0 2

14. The numbers displayed on the window of Xiaoli's home electric energy meter at the beginning and end of the month are as shown on the right. Her

home consumes electricity in this month____________________kW?h. If the electricity bill is 1 kilowatt hour

< p>Calculated at 0.6 yuan, her electricity bill this month is _______________ yuan.

15． There is a submarine suspended in the water, as shown in the picture on the right. When compressed gas is used to partially drain out the water in the water tank, the submarine will ____________ (optional "float" or "sink"). Before it emerges from the water, the buoyancy force on the submarine will ____________ (optional) "get bigger", "get smaller" or "unchange").

16. The rumble of thunder in the distance heralds a possible heavy rain, which shows that sound can transmit ______. Surgeons can use ultrasonic vibrations to break stones in the human body, which shows that sound waves can transmit _____________.

17. June 6 is the National “Eye Care Day”. The picture on the right shows two people

The light path diagram when looking at an object must form a clear image on the retina.

A needs to wear _______ glasses and B needs to wear ______mirror.

I hope students will develop good eye habits. A B

18. After school, the students played football on the field. Xiaoli kicked the ball hard and felt a little pain in her feet. This is because _______________________; the football can continue to roll on the grass for a certain distance, because the football has _______________________ .

19． As shown in the figure on the right, an object weighs 500N. The weight of the pulley, the weight of the rope and the friction are all ignored. To pull up the object, a pulling force of _______N is required in picture A and a pulling force of _______N is required in picture B.

20. The picture on the right shows the 2008 Olympic Games "Auspicious Cloud" torch. Its appearance is a red auspicious cloud pattern rising upward from the middle of the torch body. The lower half of the torch body is sprayed with high-touch rubber paint, which can increase the _________, making it easier for people to hold it. Not easy to slip off. The torch shell is made of ________ smaller high-quality aluminum alloy material. Although it is large in size but small in mass, it looks light and noble.

21． When doing the experiment of "exploring what factors are related to the speed of evaporation", Xiaoli put a drop of water on two identical pieces of glass. As shown in Figure 1, we can see from the scene in the picture She mainly explores whether the speed of evaporation is related to ___________. Xiao Ming dropped a drop of water with the same mass on two identical glass pieces, as shown in Figure 2. Observing the scene in the picture, we can see that he is mainly exploring whether the evaporation speed is related to _______________.

Figure l Figure 2

22. At 14:28 on May 12, 2008, a major earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan, forming large and small weirs everywhere. The Party Central Committee and the State Council have concentrated their efforts to eliminate dangers in various places. In the picture, an excavator is lifted by a Mi-26 heavy transport helicopter to the top of the Tangjiashan Barrier Lake, the largest barrier lake. A helicopter hangs a 1.2×105N excavator with a wire rope. When the excavator is suspended in the air, the pulling force of the wire rope on the excavator is _______1.2×105N. When the helicopter hangs the excavator at a constant speed of lm/s When rising, the pulling force of the wire rope on the excavator is _______1.2×105N. (Choose "greater than", "less than" or "equal to")

3. Drawing, experiment and exploration. This question consists of 8 questions, with a maximum score of 40 points. Complete each question according to the specific requirements put forward in each question.

23. (6 points) Complete the following questions as required.

(1) (2 points) Draw a schematic diagram of the gravity G on object A in Figure a.

(2) (2 points) Figure b shows the optical path of the incident light when the light is incident from the air into the water. Please draw the refracted ray corresponding to the incident light at the appropriate position in the figure.

(3) (2 points) Mark the "+" and "-" poles of the power supply according to the direction of the small magnetic needle in Figure c.

Figure a Figure b Figure c

24. (5 points) Xiaoli lives in the city center, and her grandma refuses to live in her house because she thinks the city is too hot in summer. This arouses her interest in exploring the reasons for the temperature difference between urban and rural areas. She used weekends and weekends to work with her classmates to measure the temperature at each test point at the same time at noon, and used this to draw the "region-temperature" coordinate map as shown in the figure.

(1) From the picture, you find that the temperature of _______________ is relatively high. This phenomenon is called the "urban heat island effect".

(2) Please combine the data in the picture and your experience to find a reason for the heat island effect: _______________________

____________________________________________________________.

(3) How to reduce thermal pollution in the urban environment, please give a reasonable suggestion: ____________________________

____________________________________________________________.

The resistance values ??of several metal conductors with a length of 1m and a cross-sectional area of ??lmm2 at 20°C

Conductor resistance R/Ω

Copper 0.017

p>

Aluminum 0.027

Iron 0.096

Nichrome l.1

25. (6 points) Xiaoli wants to make her own sliding varistor, teacher Several materials and related data shown in the table below are provided to her. She should choose _______ material as the resistance wire because under the same conditions, the resistance of this material is ______ (please fill in "larger" or " smaller"). In the picture on the right, AB and CD are two resistance wires of the same thickness made of the material she chose. Using the device shown in the picture, the relationship between the conductor resistance and ____________ can be studied.

26. (3 points) In order to explore the factors related to the effect of pressure, Xiaoli used the controlled variable method to conduct an experiment as shown in the figure below:

(a) A brick is placed flat on a foam plastic (b )Two bricks are stacked on foam plastic (c) One brick is placed vertically on foam plastic

Observing and comparing the situations (a) and (b), we can see that the effect of pressure is related to ________. Comparing the situations in Figures (a) and (c), we can see that

The effect of pressure is related to ___________. The controlled variable method can also be used to explore ____________ experiments. (Fill in only one)

27. (4 points) As shown in the picture on the right, in the experiment to study "What factors are related to the voltage of the fruit battery", Xiaoli's guess was: The voltage of the fruit battery is related to It is related to the different metal materials that make up the two electrodes. Please make two different guesses:

Guess one: __________________________________________________________________;

Guess two: __________________________________________________________________.

28． (5 points) Spread materials with different roughness (such as towels, cotton cloth, wooden boards, etc.) on a horizontal table, and let the car slide down from the top of the incline from rest. The three experimental phenomena are as shown in the figure below. Compare the results of the car moving along the horizontal plane. distance.

The first time (towel surface) the second time (cotton surface) the third time (wood board surface)

Please observe the experimental phenomenon and think about it before answering:

(1) In order to draw scientific conclusions, in the three experiments, the speed when the car moves to the bottom of the slope should be __ (optional "equal" or "unequal"), that is, the car should be released from the ____________ on the slope .

(2) In the three experiments, the largest friction force on the horizontal surface was the ____ time, which shows that the friction force on the car is related to the __________ of the contact surface.

(3) Further reasoning shows that if the horizontal surface is absolutely smooth (that is, the car is not subject to friction), the car will make a __________________ motion on the horizontal surface.

29. (5 points) Explore the relationship between fluid pressure and flow rate: As shown in the picture on the right, take two pieces of white paper, let them hang parallel and naturally, and blow air forcefully into the two papers; the phenomenon you observe is _______________________; The preliminary conclusion you can draw from this experiment is: __________________. The picture on the right is a car that Xiaoli’s family bought. She found that the shape of the car is similar to the wing of an airplane. When the car is traveling quickly, the flow rate of the air above the car _________ the flow rate of the air below the car, so the flow rate of the air above the car is The pressure of the gas __ the pressure of the gas below the car, so that the pressure of the car on the ground ____ the gravity of the car. (Optional "greater than", "equal to" or "less than")

30. (6 points) During the experiment of "Using an ammeter and voltmeter to measure the electric power of a light bulb", the light bulb was marked with "2.5V". Xiaoli designed the experimental circuit diagram, as shown in Figure A. She also connected part of the experimental circuit, as shown in Figure B A

. (1) Please draw additional wires on Figure B to make it a complete experimental circuit. Requirement: When the slider P of the sliding rheostat slides to the right, the light bulb becomes brighter. B

(2) Before connecting the circuit, the switch should ______; when confirming that the circuit connection is correct and preparing to close the switch, the sliding plate P of the sliding rheostat should be moved to the ____ end (optional " "left" or "right").

(3) After connecting the experimental circuit, Xiaoli closed the switch and found that the light bulb did not light up, the ammeter had no reading, but the voltmeter had a reading and was close to the power supply voltage. Please help her analyze the possible reasons for the circuit failure: _______________________________.

(4) After Xiaoli eliminates the fault, she slides the rheostat to make the bulb glow normally. At this time, the ammeter indicates as shown in Figure C. The indication is _____A, then the rated power of the bulb is _________W. C

IV. Comprehensive (***16 points)

31. (4 points) In the circuit shown on the right, R1=10Ω and R2=20Ω. After the switch is closed, the voltage indicates 6V, then

(1) What is the indication of the ammeter?< /p>

(2) How much power does R2 consume when working for 5 minutes?

32. (5 points) On March 24, 2008, the Beijing Olympic flame was successfully collected in Olympia, Greece, and began to be passed on in Greece. The picture shows Chinese swimming star Luo Xuejuan holding the torch and passing it. If her speed during the torch pass is 2.5m/ s, how long does it take her to run 200m at this speed? The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games "Xiangyun" torch she holds in her hand is 72 cm long and has a mass of 985 grams. How strong is her force in lifting the torch?

33. (7 points) The forest is a huge natural "oxygen bar" because green plants can release a large amount of oxygen during photosynthesis. In order to measure the ability of plants on the earth's surface to absorb solar energy, classmate Xiao Ming conducted the following experiment: a basin was filled with 6kg of water [the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2×103J/(kg?℃)]. The surface area of ??the water surface is 0.1m2. After being irradiated vertically by the sun for 15 minutes, the temperature increased by 1°C.

Please calculate:

(1) How much heat did 6kg of water absorb during the experiment?

(2) If the ability of surface plants to receive solar energy is equal to that of water, how much heat will the green plants per square meter absorb per day? How many joules of solar energy are received per second?

(3) How many liters of oxygen can be released per second by a 100m2 green space? (Assume that green plants can release 0.05L of oxygen for every 103J of solar energy absorbed during photosynthesis)< /p>

Hengyang City 2008 Junior High School Graduation Examination

Physics reference answers and scoring standards

1. Multiple choice questions (2 points × 12 = 24 points)

1． D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B

11． A 12. A

2. Fill in the blanks (2 points × 10 = 20 points)

13. Magnetic field cuts magnetic field lines 14.88.6 53.2

15. Float up and remain unchanged 16. Information Energy

17. Concave and convex

18. The effects of force are mutual, and the foot is acted upon by the force of the ball. Inertia or kinetic energy

19. 500N 250N 20. Friction Density

21. Temperature of liquid Surface area of ??liquid 22. Equal to equal to

3. Drawing, experiment and exploration (***40 points)

23. (6 points) (1) 1 point for the point of gravity action, 1 point for the vertical downward direction

(2) 1 point for the refraction angle smaller than the angle of incidence, 1 point for the arrow and solid line

(3) Mark the "+" and "-" poles of the power supply and it will be worth 2 points

24. (5 points) (1) City center

(2) ① The city center is mostly made of cement roads and buildings, which have small specific heat and high temperature rise;

② Urban vehicle emissions There is a lot of exhaust gas; (2 points for writing a reasonable answer)

(3) Build more green areas in the city center. (2 points)

25. (6 points) (2 points for each empty space) Nickel-chromium alloy Larger length

26. (3 points) (1 point for each blank) Pressure magnitude, force-bearing area, relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in a conductor

27. (4 points) (2 points for each guess)

①The voltage of the fruit battery is related to the type of fruit;

②The voltage of the fruit battery is related to the distance between the two electrodes;

< p>③The voltage of the fruit battery is related to the depth of the two electrodes inserted into the fruit;

④The voltage of the fruit battery is related to the size of the fruit.

(As long as the guess is reasonable, each will be worth 2 points)

28. (5 points) (per air minute) (1) Equal and same height (2) One degree of roughness (3) Uniform straight line

29. (5 points) (1 point for each empty space) The two pieces of paper will be closer to each other. The greater the gas flow rate, the smaller the pressure. Greater than

Less than Less than

30. (6 points) (1) As shown in the picture (1 point)

(2) Disconnected (1 point) Left (1 point)

(3) The light bulb is open (1 point)

(4) 0.3 (1 point) 0.75 (1 point)

4. Comprehensive (***16 points)

31. (4 points) Solution: (1) Current through R1:

……………………………… (2 points)

(2) Resistor R2 Electric energy consumed:

……………… (2 points)

32. (5 points) Solution: (1) According to ……………… (2 points)

The gravity of the torch………… (2 points),

Lift the torch The force F=G=9.85N…………………………………………(2 points)

33. (7 points) Solution: (1) According to………………………………………… (1 point)

… (2 points)

(2) Assume that the solar energy absorbed by green plants per square meter per second is Q1

Then Q1=…………………… (2 points)

(3) Assume that the solar energy absorbed by green plants per square meter per second is The absorption of solar energy per second is:

Q total = 100Q1 = 100 × 280J = 2.8 × 104J ………… (1 point)

So 100 square meters of green space per second The volume of oxygen released is:

…………………… (1 point)