Relevant background of the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Administration

Since the establishment of 1980, the bureau has focused on the ecological environment construction of soil and water conservation in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, and carried out scientific research on soil and water conservation, watershed management planning, implementation and management of foreign-funded projects, prevention and supervision, river water administration and water resources management.

Remote sensing investigation of soil and water conservation and dynamic monitoring of water and sediment in the yellow river basin. A large number of achievement reports and basic data have been accumulated, which provides a very important reference for the decision-making of relevant state departments.

Our bureau has jurisdiction over the Shanxi-Shaanxi-Mongolia Border Region Soil and Water Conservation Supervision Bureau, Xifeng, Tianshui and Suide Soil and Water Conservation Prevention Supervision Bureaus, and Lintong Sanatorium of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission. The World Bank Loan Project Office for Soil and Water Conservation on the Loess Plateau consists of 12 functional offices and offices, the Yellow River Soil and Water Conservation Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, the Yellow River Soil and Water Conservation Supervision Company, the Yellow River Basin Soil and Water Conservation Construction Bureau, the Yellow River Basin Soil and Water Conservation Remote Sensing Survey and Monitoring Project Office, the Planning and Design Institute, the Water Administration Supervision Corps directly under the Yellow River Conservancy Commission and the Soil and Water Conservation Supervision Detachment directly under the Yellow River Administration Bureau. Global employees 1200 people, including 350 bureau organs.

The management of the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River has the longest history, the largest area and the richest information in China. Eight scientific and technological achievements won national awards, 47 achievements won provincial and ministerial-level scientific and technological progress awards, and more than 50 achievements won prizes at or above the prefecture level. Published more than 50 volumes of scientific and technological achievements in soil and water conservation at different levels. Participated in more than 0/00 academic papers related to academic conferences at home and abroad. He has published more than 250 academic papers/kloc-0 in various newspapers and periodicals, and compiled and distributed nearly 3 million words of scientific research achievements and various official publications of soil and water conservation. Among them, it has made universally recognized achievements in comprehensive management of small watersheds, terrace construction, dam system construction, seabuckthorn vegetation construction in soft sandstone areas, and foreign investment project management, and is at the international leading level.

In particular, the comprehensive problems of environment, resources, economy and society on the Loess Plateau have been comprehensively and systematically studied, and a series of national plans have been successively participated in and presided over, such as the Special Control Plan for Soil and Water Conservation on the Loess Plateau and the Short-term Implementation Plan for Ecological Construction of Soil and Water Conservation on the Loess Plateau in the Yellow River Basin. Long-term planning of soil and water conservation in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, special management planning of water resources in sandy and coarse areas, tributaries and regions, water conservancy projects, river regulation, comprehensive monitoring and evaluation planning, large-scale mining areas and large-scale water conservancy projects. Preside over or participate in the compilation of technical specifications, regulations and standards of the Ministry of Water Resources on soil and water conservation. The Planning, Design and Research Institute of the Bureau and the three scientific experimental stations of soil and water conservation all hold the Grade A qualification certificate for water and soil conservation scheme preparation of development and construction projects and the Grade B qualification certificate for water conservancy project design issued by the Ministry of Water Resources, and can undertake the tasks of water and soil conservation planning of large, medium and small watersheds, water and soil conservation scheme of development and construction projects and planning and design of small and medium-sized water conservancy projects. It has laid a solid foundation for the standardization of ecological construction of soil and water conservation in China.

We will carry out in-depth scientific research and technical demonstration of pilot projects for comprehensive management of small watersheds, actively carry out pilot projects for key projects of soil and water conservation and gully control, study major technical problems, enhance the overall function of engineering measures, and improve comprehensive benefits. Carry out in-depth research on the introduction, development and utilization of economic plants, maximize the direct economic benefits of soil and water conservation measures, and mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses to control barren hills and slopes. Vigorously promote the application of scientific and technological achievements and advanced technologies, improve the technical content of soil and water conservation management, and promote the formation of scale benefits of soil and water conservation measures. The research on the law of soil erosion and the benefits of water and sediment reduction by soil and water conservation measures provides basic information and basic theory for the major decision-making of the Yellow River, and plays a positive role in promoting the decision-making and macro-guidance of the Yellow River. In the study of comprehensive measures of soil and water conservation, the technology of dam construction by falling water has been studied successively; Study on transformation and utilization technology of sloping farmland: study on classification of afforestation site conditions: study on soil and water conservation shrubs: study on drought-resistant afforestation technology; Study on the allocation of soil and water conservation forest, experiment on aerial seeding afforestation and grass planting in sandy land; Study on high-yield technology of mountain orchard: study on the construction, development and utilization of seabuckthorn resources; Study on introduction, breeding and cultivation techniques of excellent forage grass: Theoretically and practically, the technical problems such as optimal design and construction of dam system, application and management, transformation and utilization of sloping farmland and yield increase, and suitable forest and grass vegetation have been basically solved.

The research on the comprehensive management and development of small watersheds provides a systematic model and a demonstration model for the rapid management and economic revitalization of the Loess Plateau. After the comprehensive promotion and demonstration of the fifth 164 pilot watershed and two pilot counties for comprehensive management and development, the Loess Plateau has gradually formed a comprehensive protection system with small watershed as the unit, county as the unit, large watershed as the backbone, synchronization of biological and engineering measures, comprehensive development of jingtian and roads, and equal emphasis on economic and social benefits. The results and experience of the pilot project have greatly promoted the work of soil and water conservation and management in the whole middle reaches. By the end of 200 1, the initial control area of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau has reached 190500 square kilometers. More than 500 key gully control projects/kloc-0 will be built to reduce the annual inflow of sediment from the Yellow River by 300 million tons. More than 6.7 million hectares of dam land will be built, and an ecological forest for soil and water conservation will be built 1 1.7 million hectares. In the past five years, * * * has completed the comprehensive management of an area of 62,500 square kilometers, built 658 key ditch management projects and built more than 380 warping dams. The speed of governance is 10- 15 times that of the eighth five-year plan period, and remarkable achievements have been made.

After more than ten years of research, experiment, demonstration and popularization, the key project of gully control and dam system construction have been proved to be an important measure for soil erosion control in the Loess Plateau, which has been widely accepted by the local government and the masses. Up to now, the central government has invested in the construction of 1500 backbone dams on the Loess Plateau, and more than 30,000 small warping dams have formed a dam system. These engineering measures not only effectively reduce the sediment flowing into the Yellow River, but also store water for farmland, resulting in huge economic, social and ecological benefits. According to the plan, in the next 12 years, another 6,000 backbone dams will be built on the Loess Plateau, which will certainly play an important supporting role in the management of the Yellow River.

Seabuckthorn, the leader of soil erosion control measures in the Loess Plateau, is known as the breakthrough of loess plateau control, especially in soft sandstone areas. The sudden emergence of a new force is due to the painstaking efforts of the vast number of soil and water conservation scientists and technicians, which have reflected the role of science and technology from seed selection, introduction, breeding to testing and popularization. At present, the construction of seabuckthorn resources has become a separate construction project of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau, which has been widely valued and popularized.

As for the supervision of soil and water conservation, since the promulgation and implementation of the Law on Soil and Water Conservation, the supervision of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau has shown a new trend of "strengthening national policy awareness, accurately establishing legal concepts, establishing law enforcement agencies, issuing supporting laws and regulations, and comprehensively carrying out law enforcement" through pilot demonstration, key breakthrough, and comprehensive start and improvement. According to incomplete statistics, in recent years, supervision institutions at all levels in the middle reaches of the Yellow River have held more than 2,500 large-scale publicity activities, dispatched more than 5000 propaganda vehicles, posted more than 60,000 propaganda slogans, made more than 8,000 fixed propaganda placards, distributed more than 60,000 publicity materials, and publicized 1000 times by news media such as television and radio. 339 supervision and law enforcement institutions have been established, accounting for 90% of the institutions to be established. There are 2,875 full-time supervisors and inspectors, more than 7,000 part-time supervisors and inspectors, and more than 4,700 certified employees. All the 140 law enforcement pilot counties that have been carried out and accepted have set up law enforcement leading groups to implement the responsibilities of various departments. Supervision departments, courts and public security departments in 30 counties have carried out joint law enforcement. Seven provinces (autonomous regions) have officially promulgated a series of local supporting laws and enforcement documents, such as the Measures for the Implementation of the Law on Soil and Water Conservation, the Regulations on the Collection of Compensation Fees and Prevention Fees and the Management of Their Use. 6,553 illegal cases of soil and water conservation were investigated and dealt with successively, and 27.42 million yuan of soil and water loss prevention fees and 53.53 million yuan of soil and water conservation compensation fees were collected. * * * Approved water and soil conservation scheme report 12500 for large, medium and small development and construction projects (table), including 36 development and construction projects above the provincial level.