How to teach literacy and writing

Reading and writing are the basis of reading and writing. Only when students have certain literacy can they read and write smoothly, broaden their knowledge and improve their learning ability. Therefore, literacy and writing teaching is an important task in Chinese teaching. The Chinese curriculum standard points out: "Literacy teaching should take the language factors familiar to children as the main materials, make full use of children's life experience, carry out literacy, pay attention to teaching literacy methods, and strive to achieve the integration of knowledge and practice. Use a variety of visual teaching methods to create colorful teaching situations for literacy. " How to implement the advanced concept of the new curriculum standard and reflect the recognition and writing of the new curriculum standard under the condition of large literacy. I combine my teaching practice and talk about my experience: 1. Stimulate students' interest in literacy. We all know that "successful teaching needs not coercion, but stimulating students' interest." "The pursuit of interest in Chinese literacy teaching is not pure and blind. The purpose of pursuing interest is to pursue more efficient literacy and to recognize and remember more energetic new words. Therefore, in the actual teaching process, I dig deep into the intuitive factors in the textbook, use the laws of Chinese characters themselves, and use intuitive and interesting teaching methods to mobilize students to read happily in observation, association, comparison, thinking and games, effectively stimulate children's interest in learning Chinese, give full play to students' imagination, and promote their lively thinking, thus making literacy teaching more effective. Next, I will talk about how to stimulate interest in reading based on my own teaching practice. 1, a new word breakfast. Write the new words you learn every day on the blackboard. When students enter the classroom in the morning, let them know these new words. This is the so-called "new word breakfast". Every student can have breakfast before returning to his seat. When literacy is presented in the form of "breakfast of new words", students feel novel and interesting, especially willing to read and remember. At the same time, this method has a wide range of exams and can help students in time. 2. Children's songs can be read. Children's songs are catchy, lively and interesting. Once they are remembered, they will never be forgotten. On weekdays, I pay attention to the characteristics of Chinese characters and compile some children's songs that are easy to understand, such as teaching the word "Bi" and compiling it into "Aunt Wang and Aunt Bai, sitting together on a big stone"; The word "sit" is woven into "two people sitting on the ground back to back"; The word "sue" is woven into "bite off the cow's tail"; Wait a minute. This kind of compilation is easy to learn, easy to remember and interesting, which can improve students' ability to read, distinguish and remember words. 3. Driving a train game. Driving a train (in groups) Other children learn to pronounce the sound of "Woo-kacha, kacha" when the train starts. I showed new words and asked, "Where does the train leave from? "Health: The train leaves from me! Let a group of students read the pronunciation, recognize the characters and analyze the glyphs in sequence. Whoever makes a mistake, the train will stop and choose other groups of mechanics to repair it (emphasis on pronunciation). After the repair, the train continued to run (the students who read it incorrectly read it twice). 4. Big turntable. New words are stuck in a circle around the turntable of the big turntable, and which word is pronounced as soon as the pointer of the turntable turns. In addition, students take turns reading. Students who read wrong stand up and sit down after reading right. 5. Pick apples. I'm going to prepare an apple tree teaching aid, hang up new words, pick them off when you read them correctly and read them quickly. Whoever reads more and reads correctly will have more apples and more red flowers. 6. The increase and decrease of new words. In teaching, I analyze the structural characteristics of Chinese characters with students, so that students can learn new words by adding radicals, subtracting radicals and changing radicals, so as to read flexibly and effectively improve literacy efficiency. For example, when learning to bite, some students say that "mouth" plus "communication" is "bite"; Some people say that jiaozi's word "bite" is beside the word "mouth", so that you can quickly remember the word "bite" and review the word "jiaozi" in the process. Another example is learning to "grab". Students will say that the word "wood" next to "gun" should be removed and the word "grab" should be added next to "spoon". This method not only learns new words, but also reviews learned words, killing two birds with one stone. 7. Stories are associated with literacy. Memorizing some words, I grasp the characteristics of glyphs by mobilizing children's observation, analysis and imagination, and make up short stories, so that students can unconsciously keep glyphs in their minds forever in the relaxed and pleasant atmosphere of listening to stories and making up stories. For example, when teaching the word "immortal", some students think that immortals live in the mountains. When learning the word "fierce", some students said that fierce people are not good, so they should put an "X" and box it with "ㄩ" to remind people. ..... through the description of language and students' imagination, literacy and language are organically linked, which enriches children's literacy methods and promotes the improvement of various abilities. 8. Image literacy. Junior high school students' thinking ability in images is much stronger than that in abstractions. Therefore, the combination of literacy teaching with specific things and images is beneficial to students' memory. If water "tears" are in the eyes, bamboo filaments are made into "pens". Through this description, an intuitive impression is established in students' minds, and the effect of recognizing form and meaning is achieved. At the same time, you can use multimedia courseware to read, which is more intuitive, and students are more interested in literacy and have deeper memories. 9, crossword puzzle literacy. Introducing riddles into the memory of new words, so that students can learn and remember some new words by guessing, will greatly stimulate students' thirst for knowledge. To teach the word "painting", the teacher can tell the riddle "a field in an empty mountain" and let the students guess. Teach the word "although", and the teacher can make a riddle: eat a worm in one bite. These literacy teaching methods can strengthen children's memory of the sound, form and meaning of Chinese characters, effectively prevent and reduce typos, and are conducive to the cultivation of children's observation ability, understanding ability and imagination. In this way, students can learn easily and happily, and the effect is better. Second, teach literacy methods In the long-term teaching, teachers have created a variety of literacy methods, such as: reading strokes and blank books, comparing colors, font analysis, reducing parts, adding parts, changing parts, pictophonetic characters, cognitive classification and so on. In teaching, I use all these literacy methods for reference, comprehensively use various literacy methods to organize teaching, teach students literacy methods according to literacy content, let students read more words easily and happily in lively teaching, let children master their favorite or suitable literacy methods, take the initiative to read, and learn to read independently. Third, carry out learning competitions in the classroom. Children are competitive and willing to show themselves. Organizing some competitions in class can effectively stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning. In literacy teaching, we can consciously introduce a variety of learning competitions to enhance the sense of competition, so that students can have a pleasant emotional experience and increase the fun of learning Chinese. It not only stimulates students' interest in learning, but also enhances students' confidence in learning. Such as boys and girls reading, group reading, train reading, etc. Four, classified literacy textbooks, there are seven or eight Chinese characters in a class, and there are more than fifteen or six Chinese characters. It is really inconvenient for students to remember if they just read and memorize word by word. But it would be much better if we could classify and group the words we want to recognize! For example, some new words in this class can be memorized by the same literacy method, so when students say the literacy method of a word, the teacher can guide them to say other words memorized by the same method; For another example, some of these new words to be recognized have the same structure as radicals, and they can also be classified into one category to guide students to remember; In addition, for example, there are two homophones or similar words in a class at the same time, which can also be put together. Ask students to know "scale" and "scale" in the class of "weighing elephants" by comparing their memories. These two words are easily confused. When teaching, put them together, let the students compare their pronunciations and glyphs respectively, and talk about their differences. Then, combining words with words, five, the classification and key guidance of contextual literacy only help students remember the shapes and samples of new words. Words cannot be separated from words, and words cannot be separated from sentences. Therefore, the study of these words should also guide students to use them to form words and speak more, and strengthen their understanding and application through word formation. In addition, teachers can intentionally show some sentences containing these words (not only in the text, but also in other contents), and give students names, and distinguish and consolidate the memory of these words in the context by reading sentences, which is also a way to improve literacy efficiency. In writing teaching, I give guidance from the following aspects: First, seriously train students' basic writing skills. Basic writing skills include basic strokes, basic stroke order and frame structure. 1, basic strokes, basic strokes and excellent strokes, which can be combined into good characters. Therefore, in the primary stage of junior writing teaching, special attention should be paid to the teaching of basic strokes. Teachers should first guide students to know the names of strokes, observe the shapes of strokes, and master the writing essentials and skills of each basic stroke. For some similar basic strokes, students should be guided to compare and distinguish from the appearance and writing essentials. For example, "vertical bend" and "vertical bend", from the appearance, the lower left corner of "vertical bend" is sharp, while the lower left corner of "vertical bend" is smooth; From the writing point of view, "vertical bending" requires a stroke from the left, but "vertical bending" does not. In addition, strokes such as "vertical hook", "horizontal hook", "oblique hook", "horizontal hook" and "lifting", "horizontal hook" and "horizontal skimming" can all be taught by comparison. 2. Basic stroke order The basic rules of Chinese character stroke order are: horizontal first, then vertical, first left and then down, from top to bottom, from left to right, from outside to inside, from inside to outside, from outside to inside, then sealed, first in the middle and then on both sides. Therefore, teachers should require students to write in strict accordance with the norms in teaching. The guidance of basic stroke order should be combined with literacy teaching and reminded when writing. The stroke order should be flexible, depending on the specific situation, such as "field, tour", first come, then seal; " The last word is Shen. 3. The structure of Chinese characters with frame structure is varied. Because the new words of junior students are written in Tian Zi Ge Li, students can be asked to learn writing well with Tian Zige's help. The physical characteristics of Chinese characters are square, with few single characters and the most left and right structures. The left and right radicals are different in height and width, so we should pay attention to the specific classification, such as: narrow left and wide right, narrow left and narrow right, and the left and right are the same. Pay attention to the length, width and width of each part of the left, middle and right structure. There are various changes in the height and width of the radicals of characters with upper and lower structures, enclosing structures and special structures, so students should be reminded to pay attention to them in teaching. Every time I write, I ask students to do "three things": eyes, hands and heart. First, let students observe the structure of Chinese characters in Tian Zige. Clarify the proportion and accurate position of word-formation components in each part of Tian Zi's case. This kind of guidance requires teachers to spend a certain amount of time, repeatedly training, and persist in training according to the difficulty of fonts, so that students can master fonts slowly, and finally leave Tian Zi to arrange the structure of words. With the overall understanding, students can write stroke by stroke, that is, by hand. The writing should be standardized and accurate, and compared with the model essay. Second, to cultivate students' good writing habits, the curriculum standard puts forward that "junior students should be able to write with hard pen according to the rules of stroke order" and emphasizes "keeping correct reading and writing posture". Senior one and senior two require students to form the habit of "writing pencil words carefully", that is, let students write according to the requirements and keep sitting posture according to the specifications, which is what we often call "double posture". Students are required to "write carefully" when they start writing, and teachers should also train students to give up their dependence on erasers. When it's time to write, students will take the initiative to put the eraser in the pencil box, so it's good to draw one stroke at a time. Ye Lao said: "To form a habit, you must go through repeated experiences." Because students are young and keep good posture for a short time, teachers should not be afraid to spend time sharpening their mouths to correct incorrect posture and cultivate students' good writing habits.