How to treat the composition driven by innovation in college entrance examination

Understanding of task-based composition;

The examination of composition questions obviously increases the task-driven orientation. For example, the essay questions of the national volume expand the role of materials. Materials always arouse candidates' thinking and stimulate their desire for writing, but also give play to the guiding role of materials in writing tasks by increasing task-based instructions, so that candidates can identify key concepts in real situations and demonstrate them in multi-dimensional comparison. For example, in the first volume of the country, candidates are required to write to the parties involved in the "daughter report" incident, talk about the problem rationally and be reasonable. On the basis of thinking deeply about the selection criteria of "contemporary elegant figures", the second volume of the country requires candidates to choose the best among the best and guide them to write on a specific and clear requirement, so as to avoid mutual influence and accommodation more effectively and realize the examination of writing ability at the application level.

In the composition of 20 14, some students seized the "wooden bridge" and began to write, which deviated from the meaning of the topic. In order to avoid this randomness and deviation, we consciously put forward mandatory tasks in multi-angle materials, so that students can choose the best angle to write around the content and significance of the materials so as not to stray from the topic. By adding task-based instructions such as "write a letter" and "weigh the trade-offs", the essay questions in Volume 1 and Volume 2 of the country play their role in guiding writing tasks, enhance the pertinence and sense of object of writing, and enable candidates to identify key concepts in real situations and demonstrate them in multi-dimensional comparison.

"Zhejiang essay questions put forward logical explanation requirements for writing, such as' character and literary accomplishment' and national Chinese essay questions' reflection on reading meaning'. This kind of composition topic with strong thinking intensity requires candidates to mobilize the background knowledge accumulated inside and outside the class and organize their thoughts and language clearly and orderly, so that it is possible to make writing deeper. " Experts believe that from these problems, we can see that the examination of thinking ability in college entrance examination composition has higher expectations than before. The popular form of material composition examination, especially the two major questions of event and reason, has basically matured after years of practice. Material composition questions provide candidates with sufficient answer space and multiple perspectives, but at the same time they must face some problems. For example, if there are too many angles, it is easy for students to choose a prepared angle, thus losing the role of allowing candidates to enrich the selection and analysis of materials in the topic. So some experts joked that the material composition is over. In order to solve the problem of material composition and interplanting, some composition problems this year have inherited the advantages of traditional large independent space and diverse perspectives, and at the same time, new attempts and explorations have been made in avoiding interplanting and interplanting. For example, on the basis that the materials in Volume A and Volume B of the national new curriculum standard arouse candidates' thinking and stimulate their writing desire, we should increase task-based teaching, give play to the function of test questions to guide writing, enhance the pertinence of writing, and let candidates identify key concepts in real situations and demonstrate them in multi-dimensional comparison. For example, the first volume of the national new curriculum standard requires candidates to write to the parties concerned about the "daughter reporting" incident, talk about the problem rationally and make sense, and the second volume of the national new curriculum standard requires candidates to select the best candidates on the basis of in-depth thinking about the selection criteria of "contemporary figures". These practices have expanded the testing function of material composition from different angles, and improved the testing function of material composition continuously.

From the perspective of ability division, composition questions can be divided into explanatory composition and task-driven composition. Explanatory composition refers to that candidates determine the writing center according to the given relatively fixed topic range, mobilize their own knowledge resources and background materials as much as possible, enrich, improve, fill and demonstrate the determined topics, and form a closed system of "materials-explanations-topics", which is conducive to reflecting the consistency of candidates in solving problems, conceiving and writing. Title composition and topic composition are both representatives of explanatory composition. Because the design and answers of this kind of test questions are closed, once they are improperly designed, they will restrict students' thinking to a certain extent. Later, the composition based on materials broke through the constraints and restrictions, but the uncertain angle also provided space for interplanting and accommodation. Adding task-driven instructions to material-based composition can better solve the contradiction between the pan-angle of material-based composition and the contraction of explanatory composition, which is common in English and American composition exams. Test questions are often to create a situation for students, with contradictory questions, so that candidates can put forward ideas and solutions to solve problems through writing. In recent years, while inheriting the traditional advantages such as large independent space, natural conception angle and diversity, new attempts and explorations have been made in avoiding mutual influence and accommodation. By adding task-based instructions such as "writing letters" and "weighing trade-offs" to this year's composition, the function of test questions to guide writing tasks has been brought into play, allowing candidates to identify key concepts in real situations and demonstrate them in multi-dimensional comparison. It can be seen from the design of task-driven composition questions in National Volume 20 15 that the directionality of writing tasks is highlighted without affecting candidates' multi-angle writing, and the function of preventing condoms is well realized.

Requirements and proposition direction of task-based writing

Task-based writing is a new type of Chinese composition in 20 15 college entrance examination. Task-based writing aims to pay attention to reading ability, writing ability, especially thinking ability. Students are required to read the materials on the basis of reading and write according to the task instructions, so reading ability and understanding ability are required when reviewing the questions.

Different from the traditional composition in the past, task-based writing is closed to some extent. The purpose and requirements of writing are more clear and single.

As for the direction of the proposition, infiltrating "one point and four sides" into the composition is the direction of the examination questions. "For example, the three candidates in the two volumes of composition materials in the country all echoed the dreams of contemporary people, such as scientific and technological innovation, becoming a manufacturing power, improving the cultural literacy of the whole people, and building a beautiful China, all of which infiltrated the socialist core values; The national essay "Daughter reports her father driving and making phone calls" guides students to establish and practice correct legal concepts; The topic of Shanghai composition is mainly' soft and hard', which guides candidates to think about' harmonious self', which is in line with the age and psychological characteristics of candidates. " College entrance examination Chinese highlights the reform direction of college entrance examination content, insists on taking moral education as the core, strengthens the examination of socialist core values, governing the country according to law, excellent Chinese traditional culture and innovation ability, and realizes the educational orientation of college entrance examination Chinese through the formation of "one point and four aspects". Topics familiar to students, social phenomena that students often encounter in their lives, school life, family life and cultural and social phenomena. Select the content of the material, start with familiar themes or social hot issues, connect with students' real life, guide candidates to pay attention to social life, think about their personal growth direction, work hard to apply what they have learned and promote their studies.

Reflections on solving problems in task-based writing

Task-based writing is divided into two parts: reading material inspection and task writing.

note:

(1) Read the material and understand it. We need to know the scope and meaning of the material before we can write, so the first step is reading.

(2) Task-based writing requires candidates to express their opinions on the topic, which is often a theme to be revealed by the material. Therefore, candidates can find the central words and key sentences from the topics given by the proposer to prevent digression.

(3) There is often more than one such propositional material, so we should carefully analyze the similarities and differences between the materials to prepare for writing.

(D) Task-based writing is the feeling after reading, so it is necessary to organically link "reading content" and "feeling content", quote materials at the beginning, and then write in association with the writing task based on the materials.

(5) It is practical in terms of the scope of materials and writing tasks; This is a fact as far as the meaning of the material and the reasoning in writing are concerned. Reasoning is speculation, which requires comparative analysis and concrete analysis of specific problems.

(6) What is the writing task? Be sure to analyze it thoroughly, or it will be useless if it is used up.

Coping Strategies of Task-based Writing

1. Cultivate the ability of perception in reading. Task-based writing needs to analyze and understand the materials, and requires candidates to understand the materials and grasp the main idea of the materials. Therefore, candidates should consciously summarize the main points or central ideas of the article in their usual reading training. Improve cognitive ability.

2. Expand reading and accumulate materials. In addition to reading in the course, candidates should read more books, especially newspapers, and pay more attention to some current topics, such as environmental protection, education, entertainment, science and technology. And there will be some feelings after reading it, so once you really encounter such a topic in your writing, it is natural for this material to cause discussion. When preparing for the exam, candidates can also use their usual reading comprehension as a good material library and accumulate some related topics.

3. Cultivate rational thinking. Candidates should actively participate in discussions and debates on various topics in class, exchange ideas with people around them during recess, after meals and before going to bed, and express their views and opinions on what happened around them. At the same time, we should also pay attention to other people's views on the same thing. Only in this way can the comments be justified and written naturally.

4. Do a lot of writing exercises. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. Only through constant practice can we cultivate good writing habits and fluent expression ability. Only in this way can we "write like gods". Especially write more comments.

5. Practice writing diligently to ensure the neatness of the paper. Candidates must develop the habit of neat handwriting and give a good first impression.

Task-based composition 6 questions

20 15 National College Entrance Examination 1 Volume

1. Read the following materials and write an article of not less than 800 words as required.

Xiao Chen, a female college student, was forced to report her father to the police through a private letter from Weibo because her father always answered the phone while driving on the expressway and her family repeatedly advised her not to change. After investigation, the police educated and punished Old Jin Chen according to law, and published this report in the official Weibo. This incident has been well received by many netizens, and it has also caused some doubts. After being reported by the media, it caused a wider range and more angles of discussion.

What do you think of these things? Please write a letter to Xiao Chen, Mr. Chen or other relevant people to show your attitude and explain your point of view.

It is required to synthesize the content and significance of the material, choose a good angle and determine the train of thought. Finish the writing task. Identify the recipient, use "Minghua" as the writer, and do not disclose personal information.

The analysis of test questions continues to use new materials to form questions. Adhere to the characteristics of material selection close to real life, not too difficult to understand, and many intentional choices. The material given is news reports, which come from many media reports on the same event from different angles. The basic information of the incident is that "female college students reported that their father answered the phone while driving on the expressway". Various media reports mainly have the following angles: the love and pain behind "Daughter reporting her father"/seemingly heartless but actually loving/urging not to make a mountain out of a molehill/this is an "alternative love"/heavy punishment is more reliable than reporting/why "China Good Daughter" thinks that the bonus is hot/harmony is based on trust, and reporting leads to insecurity/the media should uphold public morality to spread the truth/"make sense". /Just like "My daughter reported her father", you should also reflect on yourself/Even if you get the bonus, you are also a "good girl in China" ... In the selection of materials, the proposition tries to keep the original ecological appearance of the event, but also hides some side information, so that students can "synthesize the content and meaning of the materials" for overall thinking, so as not to cause attention to wander and vulgarize in the information that escapes from the side.

As factual materials, only the word 140 is used to summarize the basic characteristics of the event, with the aim of guiding candidates to understand and judge according to their own ideas. The main content of the material does not seem to cover a large area, but there are presuppositions for the possible impact of this incident: First, in the expression of the material, the words "repeatedly advised not to change" and "forced to change" in the news report are used to prove that there is a cause, which helps candidates understand that although the incident is special, the truth is as usual, showing the simplicity of the material expression and interpretation. Secondly, under the guidance of ideas, the materials provide responses from different industries and various figures, aiming to make candidates focus on this event as soon as possible, and then generate a sense of demand for dialogue. For example, Chen Xiao used Weibo's private letter to report, the police verified, the education and punishment of Lao Chen, the praise of netizens and the media reports also created conditions for the following letter-writing tasks.

The concrete analysis of the whole incident has several layers: the first layer is the core incident of a 23-year-old female college student reporting her father's driving and talking on the phone; The second layer is that the police punished his father, and then made the private letter public in the official Weibo, making it a public event; The third layer is the participation of netizens and the media, which makes this matter trigger a wider discussion. This makes materials have different dimensions of discussion space.

There are many things that can be discussed around the core events. In fact, it is illegal to drive and make a phone call at high speed, regardless of the relationship between the two parties. If you report it, you will be rewarded, and if you violate the rules, you will be punished. This is something that no one can discuss. The reason why this matter is controversial lies in whether the daughter should report her father. In China, a country with a tradition of keeping secrets from relatives, is it immoral for a daughter to report her father for breaking the law? Can you call it "putting righteousness above family members"? Have you ever shown "the evil of human nature"? Is it the balance and choice between "emotion" and "law"? All of the above are necessary for analysis. Observing the essence of a thing is inseparable from its cause, motivation and result. Judging from the materials, the daughter's report was a helpless move after persuading her father many times. Its essence is to arouse the father's attention to life safety and force him to drive in a civilized way by raising his illegal cost. Its motivation and purpose come from kindness and care, not impure trafficking, or even the choice between love and law, but from the treasure of life and the expression of love by law. You can also ask more deeply, if this kind of "daughter reporting father" behavior will be misinterpreted and misread, is it also a sign of lack of trust in society? Healthy public opinion should avoid improper malicious speculation and accusations. Of course, whether the daughter's approach is the most sensible solution, whether it is emotional, and how to resolve conflicts more intelligently without damaging family ties can all be the content of further thinking.

Another observation angle of this matter is that my father is still the same after repeated persuasion. A newspaper once summed up eight bad driving habits, and "driving by phone" is one of them. This kind of anomie is not uncommon. The tragedy of drivers sending and receiving text messages while driving has been staged around, but it has not attracted enough attention. In the decision of 0. 1 s, people choose the wrong behavior, that is, they choose luck and think that the accident is far away from them for no reason. At first, this kind of behavior ignores the safety of one's own life, and at worst, ignores the safety of others. Think again. In our society, people constantly complain about the lack of security. It seems that the collective is anxious about security, but at the same time it ignores the insecurity that it may bring to others and society. Isn't this complicated psychology worth exploring?

Moreover, civilized travel relies on citizens' moral self-discipline on the one hand and system restraint management on the other. Security cannot be maintained without public participation, and it is everyone's responsibility to maintain public order. It is based on this understanding that the police will handle private letters and make them public. It can be said that we should seize the opportunity and rely on typical events and public opinion to make the concept of abiding by the law deeply rooted in people's hearts. Of course, apart from encouraging reporting, there is no more effective way to strengthen supervision and there is room for discussion. Because if the regulations are not implemented, they will often fall into the embarrassment of "the law does not blame the public." A good system will restrain people's behavior, make people better and avoid evil. Students can also make suggestions to traffic law enforcement departments accordingly.

Also, the role of netizens and the media can also constitute an observation angle. If candidates pay attention to current events, have heard of this news and continue to pay attention to it, they will find that the public opinion orientation of different media is different. How to carry out criticism in a reasonable way, avoid the intrusion and harm caused by using the public speech platform, and lead the public discussion to positive construction and reflection may also be discussed.

Finally, the function and significance of choosing this material are summarized.

First, mobilizing students' life experience is conducive to promoting Lide Shu Ren through ordinary life. Although "reporting" incidents are rare, the phenomenon of "helplessness" in life is very common. The material of this composition comes from life and challenges the concept of life. On the one hand, candidates can make their writing reasonable by associating or mobilizing their feelings about life. On the other hand, you can also improve your ideological level and enrich your moral connotation in this process of thinking and judging things.

Second, understanding the significance of ideological collision is conducive to promoting the construction of laws and regulations in civilized society. Behind the strong reaction of the "reporting" incident is the different understanding and collision of spiritual civilization. The concept of civilization has different scales in every citizen's mind, saying that "it is dangerous to drive and make phone calls" can be widely recognized; It is not widely accepted that talking on the phone while driving is uncivilized. Saying "others report others" can be regarded as normal; Saying that "a daughter reports her father" is regarded as "wonderful work". In fact, the laws and regulations of "talking on a mobile phone while driving" have existed for a long time, but the self-restraint ability of drivers still needs supervision, and the degree of civilization cannot be consciously achieved because of the existence of laws and regulations.

Third, understanding the challenge of traditional ideas is conducive to improving the judgment of social justice. In China, a society with deep-rooted traditional ideas, although it is not the usual sense for a daughter to report her father using a mobile phone while driving, it will cause great shock, so it will inevitably be misinterpreted and misread. For example, among the various opinions triggered by news, some criticized her daughter's behavior for violating "human relations" and some accused her of wanting to be famous. It is precisely because the understanding and misunderstanding in this news event contains the conflict between old and new ideas that this material has the value of thinking and exploration.

20 15 national college entrance examination volume 2

2. Read the following materials and write an article of not less than 800 words as required.

The selection of contemporary figures produced the last three candidates: Dali, who was keen on learning and thinking, determined to innovate, made great contributions to solving the mystery of life science, and led the team to the forefront of international academics. Lao Wang, who loves his job and is dedicated, has practiced his unique skills, turned ordinary technology into perfect art, and embarked on a road of "great country craftsman" from vocational high school students to welding masters. Xiao Liu, who loves photography and travels across mountains and rivers to capture the beautiful scenery of the world, has won the admiration of netizens: "You brought us to taste the world" and "You helped us retain the beautiful homesickness".

Of these three people, who do you think is more elegant? Please combine the content and significance of the material to reflect your thinking, weighing and choice.

It is required to choose a good angle, define the concept, clarify the style and draw up a good title; Don't copy, don't copy.

Test analysis

This year's composition questions continue to use new materials composition questions. The examination questions provide a material close to the times and students. Created a "contemporary style figures" selection activity in the materials. Given three outstanding and distinctive candidates, the candidates are required to choose the best from the best and recommend the best. Candidates are familiar with similar selection activities, so the materials can be said to be "no difficulty and space" in understanding. Among the three candidates, "Dali" is based on the world-famous structural biologist Shi. He resolutely returned to China, taught and educated people at the peak of his career, and led his team to the international academic frontier. "Lao Wang" is based on Li Wanjun, the winner of the National May 1st Labor Medal. The welder of CNR Changke Co., Ltd. has developed into a welding master who won the "Chinese Skills Award" from an ordinary vocational high school graduate. "Xiao Liu" is quite special, compiled from the deeds of many travel photographers and online bloggers: he developed his personal hobbies to the extreme, and in order to capture the beauty of the world, he not only crossed mountains and rivers, overcame all difficulties, but also wandered around at home and abroad; He lives his own life, without utilitarian heart, objectively benefiting others and the people; His blog is full of pictures and pictures, and it is "unintentional", which has enhanced the aesthetic interest of too many netizens. Culturally, it is quite commendable to lead China people to the world and help them keep their beautiful homesickness. Obviously, these three people have distinct personalities, belong to different endowments and personality types, and have different wonderful lives. They are representatives of scientists who are determined to innovate, craftsmen who love their jobs and freelancers who live happily, echoing the grand themes of contemporary China such as scientific and technological innovation, becoming a manufacturing power, improving the cultural and environmental literacy of the whole people, and building a beautiful China. Are elegant figures worthy of our time. At the same time, whether it's Da Li's extraordinary intelligence, amazing creativity and scientific and technological achievements, Lao Wang's hard work, his success in his post, turning ordinary into magic, or Xiao Liu's unrestrained nature, turning his hobby into career and ambition, there will always be one who is particularly attractive to the post-90 s candidates today. Therefore, this material attempts to guide the feelings, attitudes and values of candidates more actively and give full play to the unique function of the college entrance examination question "Moral Education and Harmonious Development".

After years of exploration and practice, the advantages of new materials are obvious to all. "Who do you think is more elegant among these three people?" Please synthesize the content and meaning of the material to reflect your thinking, weighing and choice, and add task-based explanations containing specific problems. For example, the specific question "Who do you think is more elegant" and the task of "reflecting your thinking, weighing and choosing" in this question require candidates to answer and complete while writing. In this way, the composition questions clearly define the specific situation to a great extent, and cooperate with almost daily real writing tasks, which can effectively avoid plagiarism and better solve the problems of "false, big and empty" in the examination room composition.

It is of course necessary to answer "Who is more elegant" and give your final choice in writing, but it is obviously more important to "synthesize the content and significance of the materials" and "reflect your thinking, weighing and choice". Therefore, on the one hand, the examination paper system requires all candidates to think more about the "more elegant" standard on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the materials, on the other hand, it gives the majority of candidates a lot of room to choose independently on many core issues: for example, is the more elegant standard more desirable or more conducive to everyone to learn to imitate? For example, the choice is based on a unique understanding of "contemporary style"-China needs it more and is more scarce now? Is it the specialty and special charm of the selected characters? Or the examinee's personal interests and preferences? Or a combination of these aspects? For another example, do you have to write an explanatory text to "reflect" and "think, weigh and choose"? Does the process of comparison and weighing have to be presented on the surface of the composition? Wait a minute.

In short, as in previous years, the life test system strives to give candidates greater autonomy in "choosing a good angle, determining ideas and defining styles". Of course, because the three candidates in the examination materials have many characteristics: they all have ideals and pursuits, they are willing to endure hardships and persist, and they have created first-class excellent results. In addition, because the task-based explanation in the test questions is very specific and clear, candidates are required to choose the best among the best and explain the reasons, so the test questions really have high expectations for candidates' ability to extract and analyze key information, compare and speculate. The concrete results of all these efforts need further investigation and study.

3. Read the following materials and write an article of not less than 800 words as required.

A female teacher found that 28 students in her senior two class copied ready-made materials from the Internet in order to complete a biology homework. She thinks that these students are of low quality, copying the fruits of others' labor and giving them zero points. Parents think that the punishment is too heavy and have put pressure on the school to demand a heavy sentence. The school was overwhelmed and forced the teachers to submit. She stuck to her decision, rebuffed it and resigned. After the matter was reported by the media, it aroused social concern. Some people praised it, others questioned it.

What do you think of these things? Please write a letter to your teacher, parents or school to show your attitude and explain your views.

It is required to synthesize the content and significance of the material, choose a good angle, determine the concept, clarify the style and draw up a good title; Don't copy, don't copy.

4. Read the following materials and write an article of not less than 800 words as required.

A female teacher found that 28 students in her senior two class copied ready-made materials from the Internet in order to complete a biology homework. She thinks that these students are of low quality and plagiarize others' labor achievements, giving them zero points. Parents think that the punishment is too heavy and have put pressure on the school to demand a heavy sentence. The school was overwhelmed and forced the teachers to submit. She stuck to her decision, rebuffed it and resigned. After the matter was reported by the media, it aroused social concern. Some people praised it, others questioned it.

What do you think of these things? Please comment from any angle of teachers, parents or schools, show your attitude and expound your views.

It is required to synthesize the content and significance of the material, choose a good angle, determine the concept, clarify the style and draw up a good title; Don't copy, don't copy.

Read the following materials and write an article of not less than 800 words as required.

Recently, CCTV released "What do you think is the best time in your life?" An exclusive interview with Lao Wang said that there is no end to learning, and I make a little contribution to the country every day to make it progress. This is the best time; Xiao Liu said that it is the best time to stay up late with everyone to build robots to participate in the competition; Da Li said that the best time is a quiet avenue, a cup of coffee, a book, listening to the sweet birds singing, and reading quietly all afternoon.

Which of these three "times" do you think is the best? Please combine the content and significance of the material to reflect your thinking, weighing and choice.

It is required to choose a good angle, define the concept, clarify the style and draw up a good title; Don't copy, don't copy.

6. Read the following materials and write an argumentative essay of not less than 800 words as required. (60 points)

On the subway, after being accused of spitting, a man kept swearing at passengers. A strong man in black couldn't help pushing his way through the crowd and walked to the man who spat. The man suddenly quieted down and didn't say a word. At this time, the tourists who came out to stop the fight accused the man in black: "It is wrong to hit people." More people think it was the man in black. After this video was uploaded to the internet, it caused a wider range and more angles of discussion.

What do you think of these things? Please show your attitude and your opinion on the performance of a person or a group of people. It is required to synthesize the content and significance of the material, choose a good angle, determine the train of thought, draw up a good title and complete the writing task.