How to make perfume

Perfume originated in Egypt, India, Rome, Greece, Persia and other ancient civilizations. 1 1 The Crusades of the century brought splendid oriental culture to Europe. With the continuous strengthening of East-West trade, perfume, a pleasing product, is gradually accepted and loved by Europeans.

The process of making perfume includes pretreatment, mixing, aging, freezing, filtering, color matching, bottling and finished product inspection.

1. Pretreatment: The raw materials for making perfume, such as alcohol, essence and water, must be pure and free of impurities, so it must be pretreated before use to ensure that the product has clear appearance, mellow smell and mellow aroma.

① Whisker treatment of alcohol: including purification and aging.

There are two commonly used purification methods, namely alcohol-alkali reflux method and potassium permanganate oxidation method. The purpose is to remove impurities. Sodium hydroxide is added into alcohol, boiled and refluxed for several hours, then fractionated once or more, and the purest part of its fragrance is collected for preparing perfume. Alternatively, potassium permanganate solution can be added to alcohol, quickly stirred, left standing, filtered to remove precipitate, and then activated carbon can be added. After standing for a few days, it was filtered with silica gel to further adsorb impurities. Adding a small amount of spices to the purified alcohol and sealing it for several months at 65438 05℃ is the aging process.

(2) Pretreatment of essence: add a small amount of pretreated alcohol into essence and use it after aging 1 month.

③ Pretreatment of water: distillation or sterilization for deionization. Sodium citrate or EDTA is usually used to remove metal ions.

2. Mixing: put alcohol, essence and water into stainless steel or enamel, silver-lined and tin-lined containers according to a certain proportion, stir and mix for a period of time, so that impurities in essence can be fully precipitated, thus improving the clarity of finished products and the turbidity resistance under cold conditions.

3. Aging: put the prepared perfume into a closed container with a safety valve for aging. There are two methods for perfume aging: physical method and chemical method. Physical methods include mechanical stirring, air bubbling, infrared and ultraviolet irradiation, ultrasonic treatment and mechanical vibration.

Chemical methods include air, oxygen or ozone bubbling oxidation, silver or silver chloride catalysis, tin or hydrogen reduction. During the aging period, the smell of perfume gradually changed from rough to mellow. However, if the essence is not properly blended, it will also produce an unpleasant smell. As for the time required for aging, some people think it takes three months, while others think it should be longer or shorter. Can be adjusted according to factors such as production conditions.

4. cooling: perfume will become translucent or foggy when it meets low temperature, and it will not be clarified after reheating, and it will always be turbid. Therefore, perfume must be frozen before filtration.

5. Filtering: Some insoluble substances are precipitated after aging and freezing, and they are removed by filtering to ensure their transparency and clarity. Filter with a filter press, and add filter AIDS such as diatomite to adsorb the precipitated particles, otherwise the precipitate will block the pores of the filter cloth. After adding the filter aid, the perfume should be cooled to about 0℃, and the temperature should be kept during filtration. The temperature of the filter press can be cooled by circulating the cooled perfume several times. When the precipitate produced by aging and cooling is filtered, it can be returned to room temperature and filtered once with fine mesh cloth, which can ensure that the product remains clear and transparent during storage and use.

Because the filter aid is used in the filtration process, some spices may be adsorbed, resulting in aroma loss, which should be estimated in advance and compensated afterwards.

6. Colorimetry: Generally, the color is added after the filtration process, otherwise the color will be easily absorbed by the filter aid, but it must be added after being compared with the standard sample.

7. Product inspection: compare colors with instruments, measure specific gravity and refractive index, and measure alcohol content with conventional methods.

8. Bottles: Bottles should be washed with distilled water. When bottling, some gaps should be left at the bottleneck to prevent the solution in the bottle from bursting due to heat expansion during storage.

Whether in ancient or modern times, essential oils need to be carefully prepared by perfumers after they are produced. The perfumer called "nose" smells, selects and tests various essential oils. Because the sense of smell will be dull after smelling more than three or four kinds of fragrance, it will take hours or even days to test again. The perfumer spends months or even years experiencing hundreds of smells, and then tries a formula. All these processes will only leave a charming fragrance behind the beauty's earlobe. ...

The smell of a small piece of Madeleine cake soaked in tea will make Proust feel happy, because every time he encounters this smell, he will think of his experience, and it is this smell that makes him look for the lost years ... It shows how pale the world would be without a sense of smell. Plato once condemned perfume, thinking that it would make people weak and eager for happiness; Socrates said that a person's smell reflects a person's social class. Cleopatra and Queen Josephine both like perfume. Josephine used so much perfume that the maid passed out!

Perfume can make olfactory memory reach a peak of recognition, which is also a part of image composition. Although scientific research has proved that perfume is closely related to race, personality and mood, there is no doubt that pleasing yourself is the biggest function of perfume. The first bottle of perfume was brought back from Paris by my parents and friends as a birthday present for 18. It's a Bordeaux package, a traditional pure fragrance, which is my perfume enlightenment and my mother's enlightenment to my woman. But I didn't use it up, and soon I set foot on the journey of "wearing incense" with self-righteousness. The second bottle of perfume is a honey-scented Buddha statue sent by an old Jewish man. I didn't know its fame at that time, and I didn't know its name after using it. I only remember that the golden liquid bottle is like a bird, very fragrant and romantic. In fact, this is not commensurate with me who loved to wear a long white dress at that time ... However, this mistake is beautiful and fragrant in my memory. If every fragrance a woman has experienced contains exquisite memories or stories, then her life must be calm and gorgeous. What better way to record women's lives with perfume?

▲ Chanel No.5 Chanel No.5

Chanel No.5 is the world's first perfume containing acetaldehyde, which belongs to the representative brand of aldehyde perfume. Since it came out in the 1920s, it has maintained its ace position. Moreover, its bottle shape is simple and generous, making it one of the classics of perfume packaging. Aroma: floral acetaldehyde tone.

▲ Ya Dun Ronghua Trembling Ladies Perfume

Trembling perfume has a subtle oriental fragrance, which is a feminine fragrance, mixed with the fragrance of water lily, magnolia and white rose. Suitable for extraordinary you! Aroma introduction: Mixed with the aroma of sweet bean, wisteria, hyacinthus orientalis, Bai Mudan, wild mandarin duck tail flower, ebony, narcissus, jasmine and magnolia flower.

At the same time, there are also shower gel and body lotion with the same fragrance. Washing products with the same fragrance is an important part of protecting perfume.

▲ Gucci Gucci new ladies perfume

Designed by TOMFORD, creative director of GUCCI, this perfume represents the classic perfume of Gucci brand (excellent, gorgeous and charming). This bottle of perfume with the same name as Gucci brand has the lasting charm of oriental floral fragrance, and the unique and noble crystal bottle body shows the classic of tradition and modernity! This bottle of perfume with cognac color is an eternal boutique.

▲ I love Dior limited commemorative perfume.

I love Dior, the limited edition perfume launched by Dior in 2002. This perfume is full of leisure in the bottle design. The innovative denim friction on the perfume bottle shows women's pleasure in pursuing themselves, and the unique slogan ILoveDior on the packaging is the spirit of the whole bottle of perfume. The sweet and refreshing smell is unforgettable for a long time. It is suitable for young hearts, young love and real women.

▲ Dior Zhenwo Lady Perfume

Initial notes: fresh ivy leaves, sweet citrus fruits and a little yellow and blue scent. In this faint moment, you can also hear the voice from your heart. Middle note: As orchids get drunk together, violets and the last roses also bring its rich fragrance. Here, you should not be sad anymore. Tone: seal the saddest memory. Plums in Damascus, the last drop of wine, and blackcurrant mixed with musk and wood will put all unhappiness aside.

▲ The 5th Ya Dun V under one roof.

Fifth Avenue perfume is produced by Elizabethan Company of America, tel: 1996. Fifth Avenue expresses women's self-confidence, modernity, wisdom and elegance, which is suitable for women who are confident, fashionable and pursue their own style in modern cities. The design lines of the bottle body are simple and generous, with a modern sense of rhythm. The lines on the side of the bottle body are elegant and neat together with the skyscrapers in Manhattan, new york.

▲ Arden green tea ladies perfume

The fragrance of "green tea" is inspired by the ancient tea ceremony tradition. It is a mixture of coriander, lemon, citrus, bergamot, mint, celery, oak moss, musk, amber and other ingredients, creating a harmonious atmosphere between man and nature. The fresh smell can relieve tension and give people a fresh feeling.

It contains an extremely unique ingredient-green tea, and the main ingredients are jasmine, rose, fruit fragrance and so on. The fragrance is fresh and elegant, and it has an indifferent taste of dust in the non-human world.

▲ Givenchy Hot Flow Lady Perfume

It combines floral fragrance, woody fragrance and fruit fragrance, and the core fragrance of Magnolia is fresh and sweet. Together with amber vetiver, it adds a warm woody fragrance to this perfume, creating the ultimate fragrance of emotional women. On the bottle, the silver classic ladies' pattern print is matched with the black background, and the tripod design on the back of the bottle makes the whole perfume look like an elegant model. (Black Maya)

With the development of flavor and fragrance technology, perfume has formed different factions, such as naturalism, realism, impressionism and expressionism.

Naturalism:

Before the18th century, synthetic perfume did not appear, and the perfume at this stage belonged to the natural school. Its raw materials are pure natural plant and animal extracts, and its representative product is the famous 17 10 "cologne", which is still popular today.

Real school:

18th century later, synthetic spices appeared. Natural perfume and synthetic perfume are often used to blend fragrance, and their fragrance emphasizes approaching natural fragrance, thus giving perfume a natural sense of reality. The representative product of this school is1902 Roger &; "Vera Violette" perfume produced by Gallet Company is made of synthetic ionone.

Impressionism:

The perfume created on the theme of one's own impression of reality is the reproduction of a certain natural fragrance by the founder at that time and locally, which contains a lot of humanistic (subjective) flavor, which can be seen from its name: for example, "perfume in early May" represents the fragrance of lilacs in early May; Another example is the aroma of "My Sweet Pea", which refers to the aroma (climate and temperature) of my sweet pea at that time.

Expressionism:

After World War I, perfume manufacturers put more emphasis on the fragrance theme and emotional color of perfume. They not only get a wide range of fragrance themes from nature, but also give full play to their imagination to express things, memories and feelings from actual impressions. Such as "Chanel No.5" (made in Chanel, No.51921), "Surprise" (made in Leiren, No.0/935) and "My Seal" (made in Maglev, No.0/944). Judging from the recent creation of tiaoxiang, it is biased towards the integration of "expressionism" and "true school" Opening the perfume bottle makes people walk among the flowers, and the fragrance is extremely elegant, close to the natural floral fragrance, giving people infinite reverie, which is integrated with people's pursuit of beauty, nature and personality.

Expensive perfume is called "liquid diamond". Although the price is higher than diamond, it still attracts those who love beauty. What are the most expensive perfume brands in the world today? Among them, the top ten are:

Bijan (Bijan), made by the famous fashion designer Bijan, is the most expensive perfume with a rich and mysterious oriental fragrance, which costs $300 per ounce.

Joy was introduced by Jean-Ba Du, a Parisian fashion designer. Its jasmine fragrance is worthy of the name and can bring joy to women. It costs $230 per ounce.

Tiffany's elegant European style, mainly jasmine and rose fragrance, mixed with forest tones, costs $200 per ounce.

Diva has a complex fragrance, which is suitable for the most fashionable and romantic women. It is produced by Ngaro Company, and the price per ounce is $65,438+090.

Opium is rich in oriental flavor, mysterious and attractive. It is produced by Saint Laurent Company and costs $65,438+075 per ounce.

Caleche's signature perfume is $0-0/70 per ounce.

Arpe ge(Ai peizi), with elegant floral fragrance and simple flavor, was introduced by Romantic Company, and the price per ounce was $65,438+070.

Chanel No.5 is listed in 192 1, and "5" is the lucky number for Ms. Chanel. In her boutique series, both pearl bracelets and jewelry are in units of 5. The opening fragrance is floral acetaldehyde tone, and the continuing fragrance is woody tone. The floral fragrance of No.5 exquisitely records the unique charm and elegance of women.

Shalimar's exquisite perfume has the flavor of oriental turpentine, and the price per ounce is 170 USD.

Ivory Coast (Ivory) Pamen Lady Perfume, fresh in style, at $0/65 per ounce/kloc.